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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Concentrations of the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasopressin, were measured in 28 patients with severe hyperglycemia to determine if abnormalities in hormonal regulation of water excretion could contribute to the extreme dehydration of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Vasopressin levels were markedly elevated in both nonketotic and ketotic patients, indicating that vasopressin deficiency plays no role in the polyuria that accompanies hyperglycemia. Instead, the observed increases in vasopressin represent an ineffective effort to conserve water in the face of an overwhelming solute diuresis caused by the glucosuria. The reasons for such marked elevations in plasma vasopressin in these diabetic patients are multifactorial. Both groups of diabetic patients had evidence of hypovolemia, which was sufficient in magnitude to stimulate vasopressin release. Furthermore, nausea provided an independent stimulus to vasopressin secretion in many patients. Osmotic stimulation might have resulted from the large fraction of unidentified plasma solutes, but this factor alone was not sufficient to explain the markedly increased concentrations of vasopressin. Whether such elevations in vasopressin could have metabolic and/or hemodynamic effects in uncrontrolled diabetes remains to be established.
Diabetes 1979 May
PMID:Plasma vasopressin in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. 10 67

Long-acting oral contraceptives (OCs) for women were available for clinical experimentation in 1969. Through the country, 29 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions participated in this expirement. Based upon the cases between 1969 and 1976 findings from this expirement can be summarized as follows: 1) the 3 types of long-acting OCs have proved to be very effective, and the rate of breast cancer and cervical cancer is lower than the normal rate. The childbearing ability can be restored rapidly after discontinued use of the contraceptives. The impact on menses and metaboliism is not very serious. The health of the users and the newborn babies has not been found to be endangered. Statistics show that long-acting OCs are comparatively more secure measures for birth control; 2) some users have experienced dizziness, nausea, and excessive leukorrhea, and discontdiscontinued because of discomfort and inconvenience. This situation has some impact on the popular use of long-acting OCs. Research and studies are underway on a reduced dosage and reduction of side effects; 3) women who suffer from hepatitis, nephritis, a history of liver and kidney problems, breast tumors, cervical cancer, diabetes, active low blood sugar, or a history of having over-sized babies, or an overweight problem should not use OCs. Women who suffer from high blood pressure can only use OCs with a doctor's advice and caution.
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PMID:[Clinical observations on long-acting oral contraceptives--a report of 43,373 (author's transl)]. 26 34

It is today's general medical opinion that children's diabetes mellitus was uncommon in the past. It was generally admitted at that time the initail stages were so sudden as to make difficut its early diagnosis. It's increased incidence is at present an alarming truth; however, a parallel increase of diabetic coma or of mulminant types has rather dropped. Diabetes may be diagnosed by just considering the main symptoms at the onset which are polydipsia, polyuria and weight loss. If an early diagnosis is not made, acidosis (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting) may appear within a few days or weeks followed by coma (Kussamul's acidotic respiration and dehydration). Coma may be avoided by an early diagnosis and a life may be saved. It must be stressed that an important percentage of children and adolescents show a slow and gradual evolution (week or months) of their diabetes: gradual weight loss, sometimes with noticeable polyphagia, occasional enuresis, but without other associated symptoms. Asymptomatic, intermittent glucosurias are also frequent; they vary in magnitude an almost always they appear without ketonuria and with fasting normal glycemia. According to our experience they may precede in weeks or months the clinical manifestations of the disease. Postprandial glycemia is a sure diagnostic resource; it is of greater trustworthines than fasting glycemia; therefore we advise it as a routine diagnostic procedure which we recommend widely. In uncertain situations, the oral glucose tolerance test is advisable.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus in childhood and adolescence. Clinical types]. 48 58

Very fat people die earlier than people of normal weight because hypertension, diabetes and coronary disease are more frequent among the markedly obese. Most obese subjects, however, are only slightly overweight and their mortality is not elevated. Reasons for dieting are more often psychological than somatic. 2. Reducing diets are ineffective because the obese rarely follow them. Total fasting and intestinal bypass may provide better results, but are more dangerous. 3. Atkins' diet eliminates carbohydrates from food without restricting protein and fat intake. Deprived of carbohydrates, the body uses fat for fuel. A small part of metabolized fat is eliminated in the urine as ketone bodies, and this is why such diets are called "ketogenic". They have been known at least since 1863. 4. Caloric loss due to ketonuria does not exceed 100 Cal/day in the non-diabetic. It is maximal during total fasting and cannot be increased by a ketogenic diet. 5. In the short run, such diets produce rapid weight loss due to polyuria. On the other hand, refeeding carbohydrates causes water retention and weight gain. 6. The diet decreases appetite: patients eat less without feeling severe hunger and without measuring their food intake. 7. Orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, and nausea are frequent, despite what Dr. ATKINS claims. 8. The diet increases plasma cholesterol and uric acid. It may be dangerous in diabetes (anorexia, acidosis) and in heart or kidney failure (hypokalemia). 9. The diet, though far from good, is better than the book. ATKINS' theories are at best half-truths, and the results he claims lack credibility. The obese subject's disappointment with traditional reducing diets and the book's hard-sell style account for ATKINS' success.
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PMID:[Dr. Atkins' dietetic revolution: a critique]. 89 45

A case of lactic acidosis associated with phenformin therapy for diabetes mellitus is reported, and 34 previously reported cases of lactic acidosis associated with phenformin therapy are reviewed to determine if any predisposing factors to lactic acidosis were apparent. Observations of sex, age, duration of diabetes, pathologic conditions, dosage, duration of phenformin therapy and the onset of symptoms preceding lactic acidosis were made. Renal impairment, urinary tract infections, hepatic impairment, ethanol ingestion and poorly controlled congestive heart failure were found to be predisposing factors to lactic acidosis. The appearance of a syndrome of impending lactic acidosis consisted of anorexia, nausea, vomiting with abdominal pain or lethargy.
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PMID:Phenformin-associated lactic acidosis; a review. 114 21

Hyperthermia has recently been recognized as a manifestation of hypoglycemia. We describe two episodes of hypoglycemia associated with nausea, vomiting, chills, and impaired consciousness which were followed by marked hyperthermia. We suggest that the hyperthermia may result from excessive reaction to preceding hypothermia caused by the hypoglycemia. We would like to alert the clinician to the possibility of a previous, severe hypoglycemic episode in any diabetic patient with hyperthermia and coma.
Diabetes 1975 Sep
PMID:Marked hyperthermia as a manifestation of hypoglycemia in long-standing diabetes mellitus. 115 46

Reactive hypoglycemia was documented in ten postgastrectomy patients by a control oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Nine patients experienced nausea, flushing, and fatigue during the first hour of the test. Neuroglycopenic or adrenergic symptoms of hypoglycemia occurred in eight patients two to five hours after oral glucose. The oral administration of phenylephrine elixir, 15 mg., thirty minutes before a repeat OGTT, significantly raised thelowest plasma glucose from 37.5 +/- 2.8 mg./dl. to 45.2 +/- 3.8 mg./dl. (p less than 0.05) but did not affect the occurrence of either the early or the late symptoms. In contrast, propranolol, 10 mg., raised the lowest plasma glucose from 37.5 +/- 2.8 mg./dl. to 57 +/- 5.2 mg./dl. (p less than 0.02) and prevented the occurrence of early and late symptoms. Neither peak nor total plasma insulin levels were affected by either drug. The rate of glucose utilization, as determined by intravenous glucose tolerance tests, did not significantly change after the oral administration of either drug. It is concluded that propranolol ameliorated the symptoms and chemical hypoglycemia after oral glucose and merits more detailed study as a long-term therapy for this disorder.
Diabetes 1975 Nov
PMID:Effect of adrenergic agents on postgastrectomy hypoglycemia. 118 31

Delayed gastric emptying, gastroparesis, is one of the sequelae of diabetes mellitus. Symptoms may include postprandial nausea, epigastric pain, bloating, vomiting, early satiety and unpredictable blood sugar fluctuations. Nowadays diagnosis is made by the measurement of gastric emptying with a radionuclide test meal. Using this technique some 50% of diabetic patients show signs of disordered gastric emptying. Relief is best delivered by agents promoting gastric emptying. In phase II single-dose studies metoclopramide, domperidone, cisapride, erythromycin and renzapride were all able to enhance gastric evacuation of solid and liquid meals in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. A few short term studies support the efficacy of domperidone and renzapride, but long term trials are lacking. Erythromycin, mimicking the potent gastrokinetic effect of motilin, may hold considerable promise for the future. Experience with erythromycin in diabetic gastroparesis is nonetheless very limited. To some extent the therapeutic effectiveness of metoclopramide and cisapride has been established in placebo-controlled trials. In trials with a placebo-controlled crossover design, however, only metoclopramide showed a sustained positive effect. Metoclopramide, which combines gastrokinetic and antiemetic properties seems, so far, the best therapeutic option in diabetic gastroparesis. Cisapride may be considered as a good alternative in cases where limited efficacy or side effects preclude the use of metoclopramide.
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PMID:Diabetic gastroparesis. A critical reappraisal of new treatment strategies. 128 Oct 70

The patient was a 68-year-old woman with advanced breast cancer which had been treated by modified radical mastectomy two years and nine months earlier. After the surgery, tamoxifen citrate (TAM) was orally administered in addition to various types of chemotherapy. Because the patient complained of nausea and weight loss, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was orally administered instead of TAM. The patient complained of intense abdominal pain on the 35th day of administration. Laparotomy was then performed for her acute abdominal problem. Because necrosis from bleeding due to jejunal vein thrombosis was observed in the jejunum for about 15 cm, resection of the jejunum was carried out. Histological observation demonstrated thrombosis in the vein, and cellular infiltration around the thrombosis. The postoperative prognosis has been favorable and the postoperative course is now being monitored at our clinic (2 months after surgery). The patient has no complications such as diabetes mellitus or hypercholesterolemia. The thrombosis observed in the jejunal vein, which is a rare site for it on the 35th day of MPA administration was induced by MPA. Due attention must be paid to the formation of thrombosis when using MPA.
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PMID:[A case of jejunal vein thrombosis due to medroxyprogesterone acetate]. 144 95

Seventy-nine patients of end stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance haemodialysis were studied. Most of the cases were in their prime of life. The disease was equally common in both sexes and all ethnic groups. Chronic glomerulonephritis was the commonest cause followed by diabetes mellitus. Hypertension was the commonest associated illness. All patients were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody and those found negative were vaccinated. A-V fistula in the upper extremity was used as the vascular access in 93% cases. In 68% cases dialyzer was reused without any ill effect. Amongst the complications observed, hypotension was seen in 65%, psychological disorders in 52%, followed by nausea, vomiting, itching and cramps. Technical complications were related to A-V fistula in 45% cases. Forty three percent patients were maintained without blood transfusion and 88% showed improvement in their quality of life.
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PMID:Experience of haemodialysis at the Kidney Centre. 146 63


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