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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum concentration of apoprotein A, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and HDL-phospholipids has been studied in thirteen consecutive episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis. In three patients with type I diabetes mellitus HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions were also measured. Patients with type I diabetes showed greatly decreased HDL-cholesterol concentration on admission which increased into the normal range after insulin treatment, while HDL-phospholipids decreased during treatment and apoprotein A remained almost unmodified. In three patients with type I diabetes a virtual absence of HDL2-cholesterol subfraction was observed, which rose to normal values during recovery. Conversely, in type II diabetes mellitus HDL-cholesterol was slightly reduced on admission, and tended to decrease during recovery. These findings imply the existence of abnormalities in the qualitative composition of HDL, and indicate that HDL-cholesterol can fluctuate much more rapidly than previously thought.
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PMID:High density lipoprotein changes during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. 392 72

Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were studied in 10 patients who had undergone total pancreatectomy. The results were compared with Type I diabetic patients and normal subjects, all of whom were matched for age, sex and weight. At the same level of glycemic control, the daily need for insulin was significantly lower in the patients with pancreatogenic diabetes than in those with Type I diabetes. Concentrations of serum total VLDL and HDL triglyceride were higher in the pancreatectomized patients than in the diabetic or normal controls, whereas concentrations of serum total and LDL cholesterol were significantly lower. The composition of the VLDL, LDL and HDL particles was abnormal in the totally pancreatectomized patients as all three lipoprotein fractions were enriched in triglyceride. HDL2 cholesterol was similar in the totally pancreatectomized patients to that in the other two groups but HDL3 cholesterol was lower. Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities were normal. It is concluded that in totally pancreatectomized patients the changes in the lipoprotein profile on reflect more the action of various confounding factors, i.e. malabsorption, continuance of alcohol abuse and dietary changes than the impact of the diabetes itself.
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PMID:Glycemic control and serum lipoproteins after total pancreatectomy. 405 43

Lipids and lipoproteins were measured in 139 men and 145 women who were noninsulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDs) aged 45 to 64 years. Of these, 27 men and 16 women had had a previous definite myocardial infarction (MI). The NIDDs with MI (MI+) showed lower values of HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations than NIDDs without previous MI (MI-) or NIDDS without any symptoms or electrocardiographic signs of coronary heart disease (CHD-). The inverse relationship between HDL, HDL2, and CHD was evident in both sexes, but it was particularly strong among male NIDDs. The difference in HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations between the MI+ and MI- groups or between the MI+ and CHD- groups persisted after adjustment by analysis of covariance for the effect of physical activity, alcohol intake, obesity, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control. It is concluded that in a cross-sectional study, even among NIDDs with generally low HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations, the presence of CHD is associated with a further depression of HDL and HDL2 cholesterol levels. Prospective studies are needed, however, to confirm that the association is predictive and not a consequence of CHD.
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PMID:Association of low HDL and HDL2 cholesterol with coronary heart disease in noninsulin-dependent diabetics. 407 98

Human very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL2 and HDL3) were glycosylated in vitro by incubation with high concentrations of glucose and glucose-6-phosphate. Glycosylated lipoproteins showed enhanced mobility on agarose electrophoresis when compared to control lipoproteins, samples treated with glucose-6-phosphate being more strongly affected. Extent of glycosylation of LDL was determined using thiobarbituric acid, LDL incubated with glucose exhibiting degrees of glycosylation 15-117% in excess of control. LDL incubated with glucose-6-phosphate however, gave values similar to those obtained with control incubations. Amino acid analysis of protein hydrolysates prepared from VLDL and LDL fractions incubated with glucose revealed reductions of up to 53% in the levels of free lysine when compared to control lipoprotein samples. The appearance of 2 novel peaks, probably corresponding to glucosyllysine, was also observed. The effects seen with glucose-6-phosphate however, were not as marked as expected. None of the other amino acids measured were decreased. These data show that plasma lipoproteins can be glycosylated in vitro and that an indication of the degree of glycosylation (by glucose) may be obtainable using thiobarbituric acid. Amino acid analysis revealed that the probable binding site for glucose on the apoproteins are the lysine residues. Although glucose-6-phosphate also binds to lysine residues the effects produced by this agent on plasma lipoproteins may also involve other mechanisms requiring further investigation.
Diabetes Res 1985 Nov
PMID:Non-enzymatic glycosylation of plasma lipoproteins in vitro. 407 97

Fifty Type II diabetic patients with mild hypertension were treated by a high cereal fibre, low fat and low sodium diet in a controlled trial for a 3-month period. The modified diet and control diet groups were well matched although the control group had significantly increased levels of HDL2-cholesterol (p less than 0.05). The modified diet group had a significant reduction of mean serum triglyceride (p less than 0.05) and elevation of HDL2 (p less than 0.05) levels. There was also a reduction of systolic (p less than 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.001), weight (p less than 0.01) and glycosylated haemoglobin (p less than 0.001). No changes were observed in the control group. In those patients with added hyperlipidaemia, dietary therapy resulted in a significant decrease of mean serum cholesterol (p less than 0.02), triglyceride (p less than 0.01) and glycosylated haemoglobin levels (p less than 0.01). The control group had a significant reduction of HDL-cholesterol (p less than 0.02). We conclude that a high cereal fibre, low fat and low sodium dietary regimen is associated with improvement in cardiovascular risk over a 3-month period, especially in those with hyperlipidaemia. Contrary to previous reports, no deleterious effect on serum triglyceride, HDL- and HDL2-cholesterol levels were recorded in this study. These data add further support to the recent dietary recommendations of several Diabetic Associations.
Diabetes Res 1984 Sep
PMID:Effect of a high fibre, high carbohydrate dietary regimen on serum lipids and lipoproteins in type II hypertensive diabetic patients. 609 30

In order to further investigate the behaviour of high density lipoproteins in diabetes mellitus, we studied HDL subclasses, HDL2 and HDL3, in 10 patients with newly detected, untreated insulin-deficient diabetes before starting insulin treatment and after getting a good metabolic control. We used the extractive method of Abell to determine HDL-cholesterol after LDL and VLDL precipitation with polyanions and HDL3-cholesterol after HDL2 precipitation with dextransulphate 15,000 m.w. After insulin therapy, we observed a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol and a decrease in serum triglycerides. Only HDL2-cholesterol, but not HDL3-cholesterol, raised; moreover, we found a significant inverse relationship between HDL-cholesterol (and also HDL2-cholesterol) and triglycerides. So, we think that an increase of lipoprotein lipase activity, owing to insulin treatment, could account for our results.
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PMID:[Changes in HDL subfractions in patients with type I diabetes mellitus before and after metabolic control]. 636 16

We report on clinical and metabolic studies of a newly delineated lipomatosis, characterised by an abnormal mediastinal and abdominal accumulation of fat, without obesity. The clinical features, which occurred in all the patients studied, are: Exertional dyspnoea due to a space-occupying mediastinal accumulation of fat, without evidence of cardiac or pulmonary disease. A pseudo-ascitic abdominal enlargement, due to intra- and retroperitoneal accumulation of fatty tissue. Insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. Type IV hyperlipidaemia and elevated levels of plasma uric acid were observed in four patients. Intra-abdominal lipomatous tissue, obtained during laparoscopy from four patients, demonstrated a reduced lipolytic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Thus, fat deposition in the abdominal and mediastinal areas could be causally related to defective lipid mobilization in lipomatocytes. Lipoprotein lipase activity in abdominal adipose tissue were normal in two patients (10.0 and 10.6 nmol/g/min) and markedly elevated in another two patients (37.3 and 49.9 nmol/g/min), as compared with controls (12.7 +/- 2.1 nmol/g/min). When expressed on per cell basis, LPL activity in lipomatous tissue was significantly higher than in control tissue (3.21 +/- 1.1 nmol/10(5) cell/min vs 0.92 +/- 0.16 nmol/10(5) cell/min). Lipoprotein fractionation did not demonstrate consistent modification of the serum lipoprotein pattern. HDL and HDL2 cholesterol values were reduced, even in patients with elevated LPL activity in adipose tissue.
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PMID:Mediastino-abdominal lipomatosis: deep accumulation of fat mimicking a respiratory disease and ascites. Clinical aspects and metabolic studies in vitro. 651 1

Partial ileal bypass is effective in reducing circulating cholesterol levels. In our study the 10 year effects of the procedure on serum lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 27 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. The ileal bypass patients were compared with conservatively treated case controls matched for age, sex, serum cholesterol level, relative body weight, blood pressure, and smoking habits and also for the existence of diabetes and coronary heart disease. Serum triglycerides were initially slightly higher in the patients undergoing ileal bypass. During the 10 year follow-up eight surgically treated and seven control patients suffered fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarctions. Of these all but one male subject who underwent surgery had had manifest coronary heart disease at entry. Male sex, smoking, triglyceride levels, and angina were significant predictors of new coronary events. The fall in serum cholesterol in patients who underwent ileal bypass and had fatal myocardial infarctions was smaller than in the corresponding subjects without events. The serum lipid levels of the survivors at the end of the 10 year follow-up showed that ileal bypass, as compared with the conservative treatment, had led to a larger decrease in total serum cholesterol (-33% vs -11% in the control patients; p less than .001); lower total serum cholesterol (360 vs 468 mg/dl; p less than .001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (236 vs 324 mg/dl, p less than .001), and LDL apoprotein B levels (186 vs 231 mg/dl; p less than .001); and higher serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (46 vs 38 mg/dl; p less than .05) and HDL2 cholesterol levels (25 vs 16 mg/dl; p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Long-term effects of ileal bypass on lipoproteins in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. 673 83

Although atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death in insulin-dependent diabetics, plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (an independent "negative" risk factor for ASCVD) have been reported to be normal or high. To test whether alterations in HDL composition might increase potential risk of insulin-dependent diabetics to ASCVD, their major constituent apolipoproteins, A-I and A-II, were measured and compared with levels in controls. HDL cholesterol levels were slightly higher (P = NS) in diabetics than in controls. The HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol ratio (an inverse index of relative risk of developing ASCVD) was significantly higher in diabetic men than in controls (P less than 0.02). HDL composition differed markedly in diabetics and controls: the apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in both diabetic men and women (diabetic men--4.1 +/- 0.5, mean +/- SD, controls 3.6 +/- 0.4; diabetic women--4.6 +/- 0.4, controls 3.9 +/- 0.5). Subsequent analysis of plasma from four patients by analytic ultracentrifugation demonstrated a high correlation (r = 0.993, P less than 0.01) between the apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio and HDL2, the cholesterol-rich lighter subclass of HDL thought to be the group of particles involved in reduced risk of ASCVD. Therefore, the alteration of HDL composition in insulin-dependent diabetics appears similar to that associated with reduced risk in nondiabetics. Thus, whether a genetic or acquired abnormality, the high apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio in insulin-dependent diabetics does not appear to counteract their increased risk of developing ASCVD.
Diabetes 1981 Feb
PMID:High density lipoprotein composition in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 678 57

The effect of bezafibrate on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins AI, AII and B, and LCAT activity was investigated in 16 hyperlipidemic, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, who were treated for 8 weeks with either placebo or bezafibrate in a double-blind cross-over design. Bezafibrate induced a significant decrease in plasma triglycerides (P less than 0.01), cholesterol (P less than 0.05), VLDL triglycerides (P less than 0.05) and VLDL cholesterol (P less than 0.01), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (P less than 0.01), whereas LDL cholesterol remained unchanged. The apolipoprotein AI/apolipoprotein B ratio increased significantly (P less than 0.05), although individual changes in these apolipoproteins were not significant. Apolipoprotein AII increased significantly (P less than 0.05), although individual changes in these apolipoproteins were not significant. Apolipoprotein AII increased significantly (P less than 0.0001) and the apolipoprotein AI/apolipoprotein AII ratio decreased (P less than 0.0001), indicating an increase in the HDL3 rather than the HDL2 fraction. No significant change in LCAT activity was observed.
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PMID:Effect of bezafibrate on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins AI, AII and B and LCAT activity in hyperlipidemic, non-insulin-dependent diabetics. 681 Sep 4


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