Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to assess whether insulin concentration or plasma lipolytic activity has any role in the regulation of HDL cholesterol concentrations in type 2 diabetes, fasting plasma C-peptide and HDL2-cholesterol concentrations and the post-heparin plasma activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic endothelial lipase were measured in 148 patients with type 2 diabetes (76 male, 72 female). HDL2-cholesterol was related negatively to hepatic lipase activity in men (r = -0.49, p less than 0.001) and women (r = -0.43, p less than 0.001) and positively to lipoprotein lipase activity in men (r = -0.33, p less than 0.01) and women (r = 0.36, p less than 0.01). A significant inverse relationship was confirmed between C-peptide and the HDL2-cholesterol subfraction in both sexes (men, r = -0.40, p less than 0.001, women r = -0.51, p less than 0.001). This persisted after adjustment for the effects of alcohol intake, mode of hypoglycaemic treatment, plasma glucose and body mass index. The relationship was lost in men and greatly diminished in women when hepatic lipase activity was included in multiple linear regression analysis, whereas the inclusion of lipoprotein lipase activity in the analysis had little effect on the relationship between C-peptide and HDL2-cholesterol. We suggest that hepatic lipase may be partly responsible for the commonly observed inverse relationship between measures of insulin secretion and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. We speculate that this may occur through a direct stimulatory effect of insulin on the enzyme's activity.
Diabetes Res 1991 Feb
PMID:Association of high density lipoprotein cholesterol with plasma lipolytic activity and C-peptide concentration in type 2 diabetes. 181 5

To determine firstly whether body fat distribution could predict the presence of atherogenic risk factors better than overall adiposity in Type 2 diabetes, and secondly whether sex differences in these risk factors could be explained by sex differences in fat distribution, waist-to-hip girth ratio (WHR), serum lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, plasma lipolytic activity, and blood pressure were assessed in 47 patients with Type 2 diabetes, 21 women matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and blood glucose control with 26 men. The men had higher WHR (0.95 (range 0.83-1.07) vs 0.82 (0.74-0.94), p less than 0.001), lower HDL-cholesterol (1.03 +/- 0.05 vs 1.38 +/- 0.06 mmol l-1, p less than 0.001) and apolipoprotein A1 (1.40 +/- 0.06 vs 1.76 +/- 0.06 gl-1, p less than 0.001) concentrations, and higher hepatic lipase activities (16.2 (6.4-38.0) vs 8.6 (2.3-23.1) mmol h-1 l-1, p less than 0.01). In both men and women, BMI and WHR were positively related to serum triglyceride, insulin and C-peptide concentrations. In women, HDL-cholesterol was negatively related to BMI (r = -0.45, p less than 0.05) but only possibly related to WHR (r = -0.33, NS). In men, by contrast, WHR was related negatively to HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.60, p less than 0.005), HDL2-cholesterol (r = -0.43, p less than 0.05), and apolipoprotein A1 (r = -0.70, p less than 0.001) and positively to hepatic lipase activity (r = 0.65, p less than 0.001), whereas the same relationships with BMI were not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The influence of regional adiposity on atherogenic risk factors in men and women with type 2 diabetes. 183 May 32

Fourteen male patients with Type 2 diabetes were studied to identify relationships between insulin-mediated glucose disposal, basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, fasting lipoproteins and apolipoproteins, and the activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase. Sensitivity of glucose disposal to exogenous insulin correlated positively with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.65, p less than 0.05), HDL2-cholesterol (r = 0.59, p less than 0.05), and apolipoprotein A1 (r = 0.57, p less than 0.05) and negatively with apolipoprotein B (r = -0.53, p less than 0.05) and total: HDL-cholesterol ratio (r = -0.68, p less than 0.01). Fasting C-peptide correlated negatively with HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.76, p less than 0.01), HDL2-cholesterol (r = -0.80, p less than 0.001) and apoprotein A1 (r = -0.56, p less than 0.05) and positively with total: HDL-cholesterol ratio (r = 0.64, p less than 0.05). Neither fasting plasma glucose nor the indices of stimulated insulin secretion (glucose-stimulated plasma insulin and C-peptide) were related to any of the lipoprotein measures. Insulin insensitivity and hyperinsulinaemia were both associated with higher levels of hepatic lipase activity but did not influence lipoprotein lipase activity. In multiple linear regression analysis, hepatic lipase activity was related to HDL-cholesterol independent of insulin insensitivity. In addition, fasting C-peptide alone accounted for 70% of the variance in hepatic lipase activity and this was independent of insulin sensitivity and body mass index. We propose that the abnormalities of HDL-cholesterol in Type 2 diabetes are closely related to enhanced hepatic lipase activity brought about by increased insulin secretion which, in turn, is secondary to the defect in insulin action.
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PMID:The role of insulin insensitivity and hepatic lipase in the dyslipidaemia of type 2 diabetes. 183 57

Increased cholesterol levels above 200 mg/dl, LDL levels above 130 mg/dl and total cholesterol/HDL ratio above 4.5 in males and above 5.0 in females are recognized as indicators of increased risk of atherosclerosis. Risk associated to increased triglyceride levels (above 200 mg/dl) must be judged in relation to associated factors such as family history of coronary heart disease, presence of remnants (type III hyperlipidemia), presence of Lp(a), increased levels of Apo B, reduced levels of HDL2 or Apo A1. VLDL and chylomicron remnants and Lp(a) have an atherogenic power in vitro 2 to 4 times that of LDL. There is a correlation between hypertriglyceridemia and reduced HDL2 and Apo A1 levels. Hypertriglyceridemia is frequently associated to other risk factors like diabetes, obesity, hyperinsulinism, and high blood pressure. Finally, VLDL may elevate levels of plasma plasminogen inhibitor. Thus, hypertriglyceridemia should be investigated when, evaluating risk of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Cholesterol and triglycerides in atherosclerosis: epidemiologic and physiopathologic considerations]. 184

To further characterize the spectrum of potentially atherogenic disturbances in lipoprotein composition in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we have studied a subset of women with NIDDM before and after treatment with the lipophilic lipid-lowering drug probucol (1 gm day), which we have shown corrects certain compositional abnormalities these women share with subjects who have hypercholesterolemia. Before treatment, the NIDDM group had a somewhat higher plasma triglyceride level (154 +/- 58.3 mg/dl, vs control, 80.0 +/- 21 mg/dl [mean +/- SD]; p less than 0.025) than controls but their cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels did not differ from control levels. A number of significant disturbances, however, were present in the surface and core lipid composition of their lipoproteins. Although the cholesterol content of NIDDM low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was similar to that of controls, its content of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylinositol plus phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin-to-lecithin ratio all were significantly reduced. Moreover, their very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and HDL2 tended to have reduced amounts of free (unesterified) cholesterol (FC) relative to lecithin, and their HDL2 and HDL3 tended to be triglyceride enriched. Probucol therapy resulted in significant decreases in total plasma cholesterol (-15%), FC (-28%), HDL-C (-22%), and triglyceride (-16%) and in apoproteins A-I, B, and E (apo A-I, B, and E), without changing diabetic control (before probucol: hemoglobin A1, cholesterol, 10.7% +/- 2.7%; after probucol: 10.9% +/- 3.0%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Lipoprotein composition and HDL particle size distribution in women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the effects of probucol treatment. 185 75

The authors investigated the association of serum copper concentration with the risk of acute myocardial infarction in 1,666 randomly selected men aged 42, 48, 54, or 60 years who had no symptomatic ischemic heart disease at entry. Baseline examinations in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in Eastern Finland were done during 1984 to 1988. In Cox multivariate survival models adjusting for age, examination year, ischemic electrocardiogram in exercise, maximal oxygen uptake, diabetes, family history of ischemic heart disease, cigarette-years, mean systolic blood pressure, serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol subfraction HDL2 and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations and blood leukocyte count, serum copper concentration in the two highest tertiles (1.02-1.16 mg/liter and 1.17 mg/liter or more) associated with 3.5-fold (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.3-9.4, p less than 0.05) and 4.0-fold (95 percent Cl 1.5-10.8, p less than 0.01) risk of acute myocardial infarction. These data indicate that high copper status, reflected by elevated serum copper concentration, is an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:Serum copper and the risk of acute myocardial infarction: a prospective population study in men in eastern Finland. 159 83

To determine whether intensive insulin therapy has the same beneficial effects on lipoprotein composition that it has been shown to have in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on the routinely measured plasma lipids, we studied 10 patients after 6 months of conventional therapy (CIT) and again after 6 months of therapy with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). While the mean of home blood glucose levels (8.1 +/- 0.5 v 7.9 +/- 0.5 mmol/L) decreased no further, plasma triglycerides (TG) (CIT, 102.7 +/- 25.0; CSII, 89.6 +/- 27.1 mg/dL; P less than .001) decreased after CSII, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased significantly, primarily as a consequence of an increase in HDL2 (CIT, 12.2 +/- 6.0; CSII, 18.1 +/- 6.3 mg/dL; P less than .02). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was unchanged (CIT, 82.2 +/- 32; CSII, 84.0 +/- 27.8 mg/dL). After CIT, two indices of lipoprotein surface composition were altered: (1) the free cholesterol (FC) to lecithin ratio, which is a new cardiovascular risk factor, was abnormally increased in plasma, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) + LDL, and HDL, and (2) the sphingomyelin to lecithin ratio, an index of the surface rigidity of lipoproteins, was increased in the HDL subfractions. While CSII treatment resulted in favorable changes in whole plasma lipids, it failed to correct these disturbances in composition. Since the participation of lipoproteins in certain steps in reverse cholesterol transport appears to be impaired when their surface constituents are altered, persistence of these disturbances may sustain the increased cardiovascular risk of IDDM patients, even when their clinical control is very good and their plasma lipids are normal.
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PMID:Effects of continuous insulin infusion therapy on lipoprotein surface and core lipid composition in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 202 30

The serum lipid profile of a cohort of Hong Kong Chinese subjects living in the community (160 men, 154 women, mean age 70.2 +/- 11.4 years) was examined to determine the influence of age, sex, indices of obesity, drugs, smoking, alcohol intake, and presence of diabetes mellitus on serum lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations. A high waist/hip ratio (an index of central obesity) was associated with higher serum triglyceride and lower apolipoprotein (apo) A-I concentrations, while a higher body mass index was associated with lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and higher apo B concentrations. Smokers and those taking beta-blockers had lower apo A-I concentrations. Subjects on methyldopa had higher triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, with lower HDL and HDL2 cholesterol. All the HDL fractions were lower in diabetic subjects, and cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations correlated with indices of glycemic control.
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PMID:Serum lipid profile in an elderly Chinese population. 212 90

The effects of bezafibrate 400 mg day-1 or placebo administered for 3 months, were compared in 36 patients with stable Type 1 diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia and/or hypertriglyceridaemia. Baseline characteristics of the 17 bezafibrate- and 19 placebo-treated patients were comparable in most respects with the exception of concentrations of fasting serum triglycerides and blood glucose which were lower (NS) and plasma fibrinogen which were higher (p less than 0.05), in those later treated with bezafibrate. Serum cholesterol concentrations decreased after 3 months bezafibrate treatment (from 7.1(0.2) (SE) to 6.3 (0.3) mmol l-1, p less than 0.05), predominantly due to a reduction in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (from 4.8(0.3) to 4.2(0.3) mmol l-1, p less than 0.05). Over the same period bezafibrate reduced serum triglycerides from 1.78 (95% Cl 1.23-2.57) to 1.26(1.02-2.09) mmol l-1 (p less than 0.05), and plasma fibrinogen from 4.1(0.2) to 2.9(0.2) g l-1, p less than 0.001. Serum apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein (a) showed no statistically significant changes. Overall there was no change in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, in patients who were initially hypertriglyceridaemic there was significant increase in the cholesterol content of HDL and the HDL2-cholesterol subfraction (both p less than 0.05). After 3 months treatment with bezafibrate, fasting blood glucose levels were reduced from 8.5(1.1) to 6.4(0.7) mmol l-1, p less than 0.05, without any change in glycosylated haemoglobin (9.2(0.4) to 9.1(0.5)%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effects of bezafibrate on blood lipids, lipoproteins, and fibrinogen in hyperlipidaemic type 1 diabetes mellitus. 214 37

The research of Chinese medicine Tian-Shou Liquor(TSL) on the fluidity of the membrane lipid regions of intact erythrocyte (showed by microviscosity, eta), the activity of sodium pump of red cell, the plasma lipid level and sugar concentration in 65 cases of diabetes mellitus were determined before the treatment and a half year after the treatment. 82 normal cases were studied as a control group. The results showed that the diabetic group had an obviously lower fluidity of erythrocyte membrane and activity of sodium pump of red cell than those of normal groups (P less than 0.001). The microviscosity of 27 diabetes patients treated by TSL were markedly decreased when compared with before treatment (P less than 0.01). The changes of activity of sodium pump had no significant difference before and after treatment with TSL. According to the determination of plasma lipid, it was discovered that the total cholesterol concentration and HDL2-C level in diabetes patients were obviously higher and lower than those of normal groups respectively (P less than 0.001). One half Year after treatment, the patients' cholesterol concentration had significantly decreased, but the HDL2-C level were markedly raised by means of comparison between before and after treatment. Blood sugar concentration of 43 cases with TSL treatment decreased evidently (P less than 0.001).
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PMID:[Tian-shou liquor on activity of cell membrane and energy metabolism in diabetes mellitus]. 217 40


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