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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared the circadian rhythms of anterior pituitary hormones in 15 patients with noncompensated insulin-dependent diabetes on first and second day treatment with Biostator. The rhythm was evaluated by means of a least squares analysis and presented as the circle of cosinors. In noncompensated diabetes the TSH and prolactin rhythm was maintained, whereas other hormones of the anterior pituitary showed no significant rhythm. In the course of one-day normalization of glycemia by means of Biostator the TSH and prolactin rhythm was maintained, whereas the circadian rhythm of growth hormone and ACTH levels appeared with acrophase at 18.47 and 19.59 hour, respectively. The LH rhythm did not exist, whereas the FSH rhythm was dubious. One may assume that noncompensated diabetes results in the impairment of certain pituitary hormonal rhythms and these disturbances are reversible after restoring of normoglycemia.
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PMID:Chronobiological analysis of changes in circadian rhythm of anterior pituitary hormones level during glycemia normalization by means of biostator. 303 56

Controversy exists over differences in hormonal counterregulatory (CR) responses to human and porcine insulins with conflicting reports regarding the adrenaline, glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol and prolactin responses to the two species of insulin. It has been suggested that these differences may represent different central nervous system sensitivities to the two types of insulin. The CR responses to an intravenous bolus of 0.1 U/kg of neutral soluble semi-synthetic (SSHI) and biosynthetic (BHI) human insulins, porcine insulin and diluting medium as control were compared in six fasted normal male subjects. The plasma glucose fell similarly with all three insulins reaching a mean nadir of 1.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/l at 25 min. Peak responses to porcine, SSHI and BHI, respectively were: adrenaline--523 +/- 101, 424 +/- 62, 379 +/- 76 pg/ml; glucagon--0.064 +/- 0.01, 0.063 +/- 0.01, 0.078 +/- 0.01 nmol/l; cortisol--507 +/- 42, 539 +/- 65, 507 +/- 42 nmol; growth hormone--76 +/- 10, 76 +/- 5, 64 +/- 15 mU/l; prolactin--507 +/- 72, 608 +/- 103, 523 +/- 118 mU/l. These differences in CR response were not statistically significant. The results do not support the suggestion of a different hormonal counterregulatory response or central nervous system sensitivity to human and porcine insulins when administered by intravenous bolus injections to normal subjects.
Diabetes Res 1988 May
PMID:Hormonal counterregulatory responses to human (semi-synthetic and recombinant DNA) and porcine insulin induced hypoglycaemia. 306 61

The regulation of testicular hCG binding and steroidogenesis in adult mutant mice with hereditary diabetes and obesity was studied. Low doses of hCG caused no change in hCG binding in obese (ob/ob) mice, whereas, in diabetic (db/db) mice, the increase in binding measured 24 h after hCG administration was not as great as in normal males. Intermediate doses of hCG caused a decrease in hCG binding in obese and normal mice, but not in diabetic animals. However, 72 h after injection of intermediate doses of hCG, a decrease in hCG binding also was observed in diabetic mice. Plasma testosterone was elevated 24 h after hCG injection in all types of mice studied, but the increase in diabetic mice was smaller than in normal animals. However, 72 h after treatment with hCG, plasma testosterone was still elevated in diabetic mice, but not in normal males. In vitro, hCG stimulated testicular testosterone synthesis in all groups of mice, but the observed increase was smaller in diabetic and obese than in normal animals. Plasma LH levels were higher in diabetic than in normal mice, whereas plasma FSH and prolactin levels were lower in obese mice than in normal animals. All parameters (i.e., LH receptors and circulating hormone levels) measured in yellow (Ay/a) mice were similar to those in normal (a/a) mice. The present study indicates that in these models for noninsulin-dependent diabetes, the testicular metabolism of LH receptors and capacity to secrete steroids is altered.
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PMID:Hormonal regulation of testicular human chorionic gonadotropin binding and steroidogenesis in adult mice with different forms of hereditary diabetes and obesity. 308 72

Testicular and plasma testosterone levels were found to be decreased markedly in streptozotocin diabetic rats compared with those of controls. Treatment with 6 units NPH insulin daily for one week almost normalized plasma testosterone levels parallel to the increase in body and liver weights in diabetic rats, while testosterone levels in testicles were not significantly changed. Plasma prolactin and LH levels were unchanged among control, diabetic and diabetic insulin-treated rats. Thus, testosterone reduction in the testis might play a role in diabetic impotence.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract
PMID:Plasma and testicular testosterone in experimental diabetic rats. 310 88

The effects of insulin- and proinsulin-induced hypoglycemia on pituitary hormone and catecholamine secretion were compared in normal men to search for possible hypothalamic or pituitary inhibitory effects of proinsulin on glucocounterregulatory responses. When subjects received 0.1 U/kg i.v. human insulin and 25-38 micrograms/kg i.v. human proinsulin on separate occasions, plasma glucose decreased more rapidly after insulin, and the nadir was slightly lower, but integrated hypoglycemic responses were similar. Cortisol, growth hormone (GH), prolactin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine responses occurred more rapidly after insulin than after proinsulin. Peak and integrated cortisol, GH, and catecholamine responses to insulin and proinsulin were similar, but those of prolactin were reduced after proinsulin when compared with insulin by 42% (P less than .01) and 34% (P less than .05), respectively. When euglycemia was maintained by a variable glucose infusion rate after the injection of insulin and proinsulin, no differences were observed in plasma levels of any of the hormones. The intravenous injection of a dose of proinsulin (6 micrograms/kg), which did not produce hypoglycemia but was the molar equivalent of insulin used in the first protocol, failed to modify the GH or prolactin responses to a combined injection of GH-releasing hormone (1 microgram/kg) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (500 micrograms). Our results indicate that the onset of pituitary hormone and catecholamine responses to hypoglycemia are related to the rate of plasma glucose decline, with the slower responses to proinsulin reflecting a more gradual onset of hypoglycemia. The magnitude of the cortisol, GH, and catecholamine responses, however, was comparable with proinsulin- and insulin-induced hypoglycemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Care
PMID:Differential effects of insulin- and proinsulin-induced hypoglycemia on pituitary hormone and catecholamine secretion. 310 62

In the present paper the following non-endocrine internal diseases are discussed: liver cirrhosis, diabetes, chronic renal failure and morbus Crohn. In alcoholic liver patients under fifty, hypospermia and oligozoospermia can be observed. The hormone assays showed moderately increased FSH- and LH-values in the serum; prolactin, testosterone and estradiol remained normal. An increased binding of testosterone to SHBG is supposed, and the androgen deficiency symptoms are considered to be due to the elevated binding of testosterone to SHBG. The other non-endocrine internal diseases and drug-groups (cytostatics, steroids, neuroleptics, antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics, nitrofurans, levamisole, fungicides and salazosulfapyridine) are reviewed on the basis of literature. After the administration of 1 g per day of cimetidine for four weeks in patients under fifty with duodenal ulcer, notable andrological side effects were not revealed by neither clinical nor hormone examinations.
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PMID:[Andrological abnormalities in internal diseases and following drug therapy]. 311 48

In order to investigate the dopaminergic activity in diabetic women with secondary amenorrhoea we studied the response of prolactin to a dopamine receptor antagonist metoclopramide (MTC - 10 mg i.v.) in three groups of women: 5 insulin-dependent diabetic women with secondary amenorrhoea, 5 insulin-dependent diabetics with normal menstrual cycles and 6 non-diabetic women with regular cycles. Patients with diabetes and secondary amenorrhoea had significantly lower basal LH levels (P less than 0.001) and FSH levels (P less than 0.005) than normally cycling diabetic women. Basal and metoclopramide stimulated prolactin levels were lower in diabetic women with secondary amenorrhoea compared to normally cycling diabetics and control subjects. Evaluation of C-peptide levels in peripheral blood revealed that all amenorrheic diabetics had no endogenous beta cell function while diabetic women with normal cycles (except 1 patient) had preserved residual pancreatic beta cell secretion.
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PMID:Blunted prolactin response to metoclopramide in insulin-dependent diabetic patients with secondary amenorrhoea. 312 73

Hormonal studies of pituitary-testicular function in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were examined at rest and during moderate exercise to assess whether diabetes per se caused abnormalities of nocturnal penile tumescence and androgen function in men with normal sexual function. The present study compared 10 healthy men and eight men with Type I diabetes mellitus in whom normal sexual function was determined by clinical history. Urinary gonadotropin excretion, semen analysis and diurnal variation of serum glucose, prolactin, testosterone and free testosterone were determined in both groups. In addition, the serum levels of testosterone, free testosterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured at rest, during 45 minutes of exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 50% of the subjects previously determined maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and during a 30-minute recovery period. Nocturnal penile tumescence and parameters of semen analysis were similar in both groups. Urinary FSH excretion and serum FSH were higher (P less than or equal to 0.01) in the diabetic subjects while urinary LH excretion was similar. Diurnal variation of serum prolactin, testosterone and free testosterone were similar in both groups. Exercise produced a significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) increase in maximal free and total testosterone in both groups without changes in serum FSH or LH. Prolactin increased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) during exercise in the diabetic group only. We conclude that, for the most part, the pituitary-testicular axis and nocturnal penile tumescence under basal conditions and the pituitary-testicular axis during moderate exercise are similar in healthy males and insulin-dependent diabetic males with normal sexual function.
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PMID:The pituitary-testicular axis at rest and during moderate exercise in males with diabetes mellitus and normal sexual function. 313 19

Impairment of thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been documented in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). In acromegalic patients, however, there have been no data regarding TSH secretion studied taking the existence of DM into consideration. Therefore, we investigated the TSH response to TRH [expressed as TSH increment (delta TSH)] in 14 untreated acromegalic patients, who did not show the suprasellar extension of adenoma, divided into two groups on the basis of either presence or absence of uncontrolled DM, and in 28 normal subjects. The mean max delta TSH was significantly reduced (p less than 0.02) in acromegalic patients despite similar mean serum T4 and free T4 index (FT4l) levels. Furthermore, the mean basal and max delta TSH in 7 patients with DM (FBS, 120-300 mg/dl; HbA1, 8.8-15.2%) were significantly lower than those in 7 patients without DM (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.02, respectively) despite similar the mean serum T3, T4, FT4l, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) levels and sellar volume. In 4 patients with DM the TSH response to TRH 6-8 weeks after insulin therapy, when their HbA1 levels were normal, increased compared to that before insulin therapy. The mean max delta TSH after selective adenomectomy in 8 patients (3 in DM group and 5 in non-DM group), whose fasting basal GH fell to less than 5 ng/ml, was almost identical to that in normal subjects. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the abnormality in TSH secretion in acromegalic patients may be increased by the existence of uncontrolled DM.
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PMID:The influence of diabetes mellitus on thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in untreated acromegalic patients. 313 52

A personal series of 256 cases of acromegaly/gigantism seen over a 20-year period from 1963 is described. The insidious nature of the condition resulted in delay in diagnosis which was often made by a doctor when seeing the patient for an unrelated problem. Other features which commonly led to the diagnosis being made were headache, change in appearance, carpal tunnel syndrome, amenorrhoea and diabetes. The Hardy system for grading the radiological appearance of the pituitary tumour was used. Widely invasive tumours were not common but tended to occur in patients with younger age of onset and high GH levels. The occurrence of various symptoms and clinical features was noted and the changes resulting from reducing the GH level to normal. The incidence of hypertension, but not of coronary artery disease, is increased and the blood pressure may be reduced following successful treatment. The effects on the upper and lower respiratory tract are reported as well as sleep apnoea and problems associated with anaesthesia. Skin manifestations included sweating, pigmented skin tags, acanthosis nigricans and cutis verticis gyrata. In the skeletal system the incidence of kyphoscoliosis and osteoarthritis especially of the hip is reported: the question of hip replacement is discussed. Diabetes mellitus disappeared in most cases if the acromegaly was cured. In men but not in women the incidence of colloid nodular goitre was increased as was hyperthyroidism in middle-aged women. In two patients a parathyroid adenoma was present: hypercalcaemia was present in five additional patients, but the cause was not determined. The common occurrence of amenorrhoea in the younger women was noted, it was not always associated with hyperprolactinaemia, and often responded to successful treatment of the acromegaly. The association of acromegaly with hirsutism and galactorrhoea is confirmed. The incidence of impotence and loss of libid in the men is discussed: in a proportion of those in whom the acromegaly was cured, potency returned, but in a number depression occurred and what was believed to be psychogenic impotence persisted. Hyperprolactinaemia was found in 49 out of 151 patients with active acromegaly in whom the prolactin level was measured. Previous reports have indicated a doubling of death rates in acromegalics. In this series there were 47 deaths observed compared to 37.2 expected. The increased death rate was in women of all ages and in men under the age of 55, The increased deaths in the women were from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular causes and from breast cancer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Acromegaly. 330 90


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