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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report a very rare case of pituitary adenoma producing both GH and ACTH. A 29-year-old female was admitted with obesity, amenorrhea, acromegaly, hirsutism, excessive pigmentation, acne, and diabetes mellitus. Computed tomography revealed an intrasellar tumor 16 mm in height, with a destroyed sellar floor. The blood concentrations of GH, ACTH and cortisol were increased (GH: 92 ng/ml, ACTH: 94 pg/ml, cortisol: 18.3 micrograms/dl). No diurnal variation in the amount of cortisol was observed. The urinary 17-OHCS was suppressed by 8 mg but not by 2 mg of dexamethasone. A subtotal adenomectomy was then performed through the transsphenoidal approach, which led to a sufficient reduction of both blood GH and ACTH (cortisol). Histologically the tumor was an acidophilic pituitary adenoma. Immunoperoxidase staining showed diffuse GH and sporadic ACTH producing cells, but failed to show any cells producing both hormones. The electron micrograms of neoplastic cells showed the ultrastructural characteristics of respective GH and ACTH cells. Another increase in both GH and cortisol, which occurred 19 months after the operation, has been controlled by bromocriptine administration. This case may be the first reported case of a pituitary adenoma producing both GH and ACTH, not accompanied by prolactin (PRL) hypersecretion, which has been fully confirmed endocrinologically and histopathologically.
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PMID:A case of pituitary adenoma producing both growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). 166 12

The influence of diabetes on the gonadotropin response to the negative feedback effect of testosterone (T) and hypothalamic neurotransmitter turnover rates in adult male rats was evaluated. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 5 mg/100 g body weight) in citrate buffer. Vehicle-injected rats served as controls. On day 9, all rats were bilaterally castrated and treated subcutaneously on alternate days with either peanut oil or T propionate (TP) in peanut oil (100 micrograms/rat). Plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and T concentrations were measured by specific radioimmunoassays from blood samples collected on day 1 (before castration) and 2, 4, 6, and 7 days after castration. On day 7 after castration (day 15 after vehicle or STZ treatment), 1 h before autopsy, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline or a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (25 mg/100 g BW), for the measurement of norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine turnover in median eminence and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH). Circulating FSH, LH, PRL, and T levels were significantly lower (FSH and T: p less than 0.001; LH and PRL: p less than 0.05) in gonad-intact rats treated with STZ than in vehicle-injected animals. The castration-induced increase in plasma LH levels was attenuated in diabetic rats. The suppressive effect of T on LH secretion was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) in STZ-treated rats relative to TP-treated nondiabetic controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Influence of diabetes on the gonadotropin response to the negative feedback effect of testosterone and hypothalamic neurotransmitter turnover in adult male rats. 168 39

The fetoplacental system of 132 women with diabetes mellitus and 85 healthy women was studied during the third pregnancy trimester. Blood estradiol and urinary estriol levels were found-reduced in the diabetics, particularly in those with insulin-dependent diabetes. Blood progesterone and oxytocinase levels were found unchanged. These parameters lowered in diabetic glomerulosclerosis. If pregnant diabetics develop hydramnion, their blood estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and oxytocinase levels increased.
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PMID:[Feto-placental system in diabetes mellitus and hydramnios]. 178 35

The goal pursued has been to analyze clinical observations and hormonal studies of patients with empty sella turcica (EST), in order to review this disorder and determine if it can be considered a real syndrome. Fifteen patients with EST (3 men and 12 women) and mean age of 45.6 +/- 17.9 years have been prospectively studied. In the hypothalamus-hypophysis study, reserves of thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin (PRL), gonadotropins (FSH and LH), growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol were assessed. In addition, thyroid hormones and, for men, testosterone, were determined. The pathogenic mechanism was explained in two cases (13.3%). We registered headache in 10 patients, obesity in 8, arterial hypertension in 2 and diabetes mellitus in 2. Multiparity antecedent was found in 2 cases. The hormonal study was abnormal in two cases (40%). Most common abnormalities were hyperprolactinemia (3 cases), deficit of gonadotropins (3 cases), without coexisting both of them in any case, and deficit of GH (2 cases). EST is frequently associated with endocrine disfunction, although clinical implications are rare. The absence of common clinical manifestations in most cases questions the EST as a real syndrome.
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PMID:[Primary empty sella turcica: clinical aspects and hormonal study of 15 cases]. 179 Feb 77

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology that frequently involves the lymph nodes, lungs, eyes, and skin. The disease can involve any organ system, and noncaseating granulomas are characteristically present. Synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the most biologically active form of vitamin D, occurs in granulomatous tissue and may give rise to increases in its concentration in the peripheral circulation and to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. Infiltration of endocrine organs also occurs. Involvement of the hypothalamus and pituitary can cause primary polydipsia and disordered regulation of thirst; diabetes insipidus, impaired secretion of anterior pituitary hormones (with clinically apparent hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, hypoadrenalism, or impaired growth), and increases in serum prolactin may also result. Galactorrhea, however, seldom occurs. Involvement of the thyroid and adrenal glands rarely leads to hypofunction. Involvement of the pancreas rarely occurs but does not produce diabetes mellitus. Involvement of the male reproductive system results in epididymitis and hypogonadism, and involvement of the uterus causes abnormalities in menstrual function.
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PMID:Endocrine complications of sarcoidosis. 193 22

To investigate endocrinological changes associated with severely uncontrolled type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus 27 patients (19 men, eight women) with ketoacidosis or severe ketonuria (= group 1) were examined on admission and after recovery. For comparison 13 non-ketotic patients (seven men, six women), admitted for adjustment of treatment because of poor diabetic control (= group 2), and 20 healthy controls were studied. On admission, the serum testosterone levels in men were lower in group 1 (15.1 +/- 2.0 nmol l-1) (mean +/- SEM) than in group 2 (27.2 +/- 2.8 nmol l-1) (p less than 0.01) and healthy controls (20.6 +/- 2.0 nmol l-1) (p less than 0.05). During treatment the testosterone levels in group 1 rapidly rose to the control level. The serum oestradiol levels in women were low in group 1 both on admission and discharge. The serum prolactin levels were low in female patients in group 1 (119 +/- 17 mIU l-1) compared with the women in group 2 (315 +/- 75 mIU l-1) (p less than 0.05). On admission the serum cortisol levels were higher and their response to 1 mg of dexamethasone was weaker in group 1 than in group 2 and healthy controls. After recovery the serum cortisol levels fell by 15% (p less than 0.01) and the response to 1 mg of dexamethasone returned to normal in group 1. In group 1 during treatment the serum free T4 and reverse T3 levels fell, and the T3 levels rose, whereas the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and their responses to TRH remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Hormonal changes in severely uncontrolled type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. 194 23

The ability of insulin replacement to reverse the adverse effects of streptozocin-induced diabetes (STZ-D) on neuroendocrine and sexual function was tested in adult male rats. Rats were injected with STZ (50 mg/kg) or vehicle and then either started immediately on insulin (continuous) or allowed to remain untreated for 4 wk before insulin replacement was started (delayed). Replacement consisted of 5 IU/kg of insulin injected just before the lights were turned off and 2 IU/kg of insulin injected within 1 h of the lights being turned on. Copulatory behavior was tested 2, 4, 5, and 6 wk after induction of diabetes. Forty-five days after STZ administration, rats were killed for measurement of plasma hormone levels and hypothalamic catecholamine turnover and serotonin content. The STZ-D rats showed significant deficits in mount, intromission, and ejaculatory behaviors that were prevented by continuous insulin replacement. Delayed insulin replacement reversed the deficits in mount and intromission behaviors but not ejaculatory behavior. Plasma luteinizing hormone levels were unaffected by STZ or insulin treatment, but plasma testosterone and prolactin levels were both reduced in the diabetic animals. Continuous or delayed insulin replacement normalized both testosterone and prolactin levels. Median eminence, medial basal hypothalamus, anterior hypothalamus, and olfactory bulb rates of norepinephrine turnover were all reduced after STZ administration. Delayed insulin replacement restored norepinephrine turnover in all brain regions, whereas continuous insulin replacement enhanced norepinephrine turnover in the anterior hypothalamus and olfactory bulb but only partially blocked the effects of STZ in the median eminence and medial basal hypothalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1990 Aug
PMID:Effect of continuous versus delayed insulin replacement on sex behavior and neuroendocrine function in diabetic male rats. 197 72

Insulin resistance exists in 0.1% of diabetics having insulin treatment. In addition to diabetics, insulin resistance can also be seen in association with acanthosis nigricans. Both conditions become a syndrome that may happen in a family. This is a report of two siblings, a brother and a sister, 14 and 10 years of age, whose parents are cousins, who suffered from diabetes mellitus, acanthosis nigricans, and growth retardation. The insulin therapy until 54 units per day given to the boy and 174 units per day to the girl, did not give response to the plasma glucose level. Plasma C-peptide and prolactin values of the girl were normal. The plasma fasting insulin level of both was high. Measurement of insulin binding to erythrocytes and monocytes was not performed. The GTT observations of their parents did not represent glucose intolerance.
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PMID:Familial insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans. 207 24

In order to evaluate effects of metabolic control on pituitary function in insulin-dependent diabetes exercise, hypoglycaemia (insulin tolerance test), thyrotrophin releasing hormone and gonadotrophin releasing hormone, tests were performed on 25 patients before (Study 1) and after 2 weeks of improved metabolic control (Study 2). Patients were sub-divided into C-peptide negative (CpN, 10 patients with no residual C-peptide secretion) and C-peptide positive (CpP, 15 patients with residual beta-cell function) groups for analysis of results. Exercise induced higher growth hormone responses in CpN patients independent of metabolic control (P less than 0.001). Thyrotrophin releasing hormone induced higher growth hormone responses in CpN patients; this response was threefold greater after improved control (P less than 0.005). Growth hormone and cortisol response to hypoglycaemia and thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin secretion in response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone were unaffected by residual beta-cell function or metabolic control. Luteinizing hormone response to gonadotrophin releasing hormone in CpN patients was impaired and lower after improved control (P less than 0.002). The results indicate an association between residual pancreatic insulin secretory and hypothalamic/pituitary function, possibly reflecting central neurosecretion of insulin.
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PMID:Effects of improved blood glucose on insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, TRH, GnRH and exercise tests in insulin-dependent diabetes. 211 47

A study was made of indices of the hypophyseogonadal system in men with diabetes mellitus, in men with autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism, and in men with Basedow's disease. Sexual dysfunction was detected in 51% of patients with diabetes mellitus and in 78.5% patients with hypothyroidism. A high level of serum prolactin in these patients resulted in a decrease in the sensitivity of testicles to LH, causing a decrease in testicular androgenic function. It was confirmed by a low blood level of T and a decreased response of the gonads to CG administration. Patients with hypothyroidism demonstrated a decrease in the blood level of LH and TSH causing testicular dysfunction. An increased level of LH and T was found in patients with Basedow's disease. The absence of an adequate rise of the blood concentration of T in response to CG administration in this group of patients can be attributed to the fact that in Basedow's disease the hypophyseogonadal system functions under great strain.
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PMID:[The function of the hypophysis-gonadal system in men with diabetes and in men with thyroid diseases]. 212 2


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