Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To clarify whether polymorphisms of the lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) gene and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene were related to diabetic retinopathy (DR), we performed a case-control study in 251 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus participating in a multicenter research protocol. Genetic analyses were performed by using a fluorescent allele-specific DNA primer assay system. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed in a masked manner by an independent ophthalmologist using fundus photographs and was classified as nondiabetic retinopathy (NDR), nonproliferative retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative retinopathy (PDR). The results showed that the genotype frequencies of 804C/A in exon 3 and 252A/G in intron 1 of the LTA gene were not significantly different among patients with NDR, NPDR, and PDR. A allelic frequency of the TNF-alpha gene (-302A/G in promoter) was also identical among NDR, NPDR, and PDR groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that significant associations with DR were glycosylated hemoglobin level and diabetes duration, but not polymorphisms of the LTA gene or TNF-alpha gene. In conclusion, the present study showed no association between polymorphisms 804C/A and 252A/G of the LTA gene and -302A/G of the TNF-alpha gene and DR in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
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PMID:Relationship between polymorphisms 804C/A and 252A/G of lymphotoxin-alpha gene and -308G/A of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene and diabetic retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 1697 13

The aim of this study was to discuss the serum copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities with diabetic retinopathy severity. Twenty-five patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR group 1), 25 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR group 2), and 25 nondiabetic controls (control group) were included in the study. Patients who had macrovascular complications of diabetes (coronary arterial disease, periferic vascular disease) were excluded. The major finding of our study was that we did not observe any differences between group 1 and 2, which we aimed to discuss the severity of diabetic retinopathy. As the levels of SOD and Zn were not different between the groups, statistically significant differences were observed for GSH, NO, and Cu levels when compared to control group. AOPP levels were statistically increased in group 1 compared to control group. It can be suggested that hyperglycemia in DM is associated with accelerated nonenzymatic glycation and oxidative stress.
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PMID:Antioxidant enzymes and diabetic retinopathy. 1746 Jan 79

Elevated glutamate is implicated in the pathology of PDR. The ability to rapidly assess the glutamate and amino acid content of vitreous provides a more complete picture of the chemical changes occurring at the diabetic retina and may lead to a better understanding of the pathology of PDR. Vitreous humor was collected following vitrectomies of patients with PDR and control conditions of macular hole or epiretinal membrane. A capillary electrophoresis method was developed to quantify glutamate and arginine. The analysis is relatively fast (<6 minutes) and utilizes a poly(ethylene)oxide and sodium dodecylsulfate run buffer. Both amino acid levels show significant increases in PDR patients versus controls and are comparable to other reports. The levels of vitreal glutamate vary inversely with the degree of observed hemorrhage. The results demonstrate a rapid method for assessment of a number of amino acids to characterize the chemical changes at the diabetic retina to better understand tissue changes and potentially identify new treatments.
Exp Diabetes Res 2007
PMID:Detection of elevated signaling amino acids in human diabetic vitreous by rapid capillary electrophoresis. 1771 96

By means of highly sensitive radioimmunoassays, the levels of substance P (SP) and secretoneurin (SN) were detected in vitreous aspirates of patients with macular holes which served as controls, in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR), active proliferative diabetic retinopathy (active PDR), inactive PDR, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Furthermore, SN-like immunoreactivities were characterized by reversed phase-HPLC. The concentration of SN was more than 20-fold higher in macular holes when compared with SP and reversed phase HPLC revealed evidence that the vitreous levels of SN represent authentic SN. SN was significantly decreased in patients with nonproliferative DR, active PDR and inactive PDR by more than 70% which seems to result from a reduced expression and/or secretion from the cilary epithelium and a reduced release from the retina both due to diabetes mellitus. By contrast SP was increased in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment most obviously due to an enhanced outflow of the peptide through retinal breaks. Despite their proangiogenic activities, SP and SN are unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of neovascularizations in DR because of their unchanged and reduced levels, respectively, but the low levels of both peptides may facilitate the regression of vasoproliferations following laser photocoagulation.
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PMID:Substance P and secretoneurin in vitreous aspirates of patients with various vitreoretinal diseases. 1855 Feb 23

Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is involved in the development of experimental proliferative retinopathy. Since little data are available on the genetic predisposition or on biomarkers predicting the development of proliferative retinopathy, we assessed the distribution of the SDF-1 3'A genotype in 130 diabetic patients with retinopathy. In patients with proliferative retinopathy, the frequency of the homozygous SDF-1 3'A genotype was significantly higher than in patients with non-proliferative retinopathy (10.9% of PDR vs. 0 of NPDR, P = 0.01). This association was confirmed when type 2 diabetes patients were analysed separately (10.3% of PDR vs. 0 of NPDR, P = 0.03). The finding that homozygous carriers of the SDF-1 3'A genotype are more frequent in diabetes patients with proliferative retinopathy suggests a possible role of this genotype in the development of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.
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PMID:Association of homozygous SDF-1 3'A genotype with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. 1938 32

Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been reported to be involved in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. This study was designed to investigate serum levels of RBP4 in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without diabetic retinopathy. Based on ophthalmological examination, 92 patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into three subgroups: those without diabetic retinopathy (NDR; n = 40); those with simple diabetic retinopathy (SDR; n = 37); and those with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR; n = 15). The serum RBP4 level was significantly elevated in individuals with PDR compared with those with NDR or SDR. There was a significant positive correlation between serum RBP4 level and the urine albumin excretion rate (r = 0.219). This study showed that RBP4 may be involved in the process of diabetic retinopathy and may be a novel biomarker for its diagnosis and treatment in diabetic patients.
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PMID:Serum retinol-binding protein 4 levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy. 2023 18

The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing in Denmark as well as the rest of the world. Due to diabetes-related micro- and macrovascular complications, the morbidity and the mortality is higher among type 1 diabetic patients. The aim of this thesis was to examine a population-based cohort of 727 type 1 diabetic patients from Fyn County, Denmark, with an onset of diabetes before 1 July 1973 in order to: (1) Evaluate the all-cause mortality rates and the influence of sex, duration of diabetes and calendar year of diagnosis in a 33-year follow-up (Paper I). (2) Examine glycaemic regulation, lipids and renal dysfunction as risk factors for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and IHD (Paper II). (3) Estimate the prevalence of DR as well as the 25-year incidence of PDR and associated risk factors in long-time surviving patients (Paper III). (4) To compare the grading of DR between ETDRS seven standard field 30 degrees stereoscopic colour films and nine field 45 degrees monoscopic digital colour images in long-term surviving patients (Paper IV). In the years 1973-2006 an overall MR of 22.3 per 1000 person-years was found. Furthermore a relative mortality of 3.4 was found as compared to the general population in Denmark. The relative mortality was especially high for patients aged 30-39 (SMR 9.8). There was a tendency towards a better survival for patients diagnosed after 1964. This was especially seen for men. Diabetes was the most common cause of death for those who died in the group. In 1993-1996 blood samples were drawn and glycaemic regulation, lipids and renal markers were subsequently used as predictors of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and ischaemic heart disease. Glycaemic regulation, dyslipidaemia and creatinine were all significantly associated with all three endpoints. Furthermore, variations in glycaemic control were also identified as a risk factor for overall mortality. Two hundred and one patients were examined for diabetic retinopathy in 1981-1982 and 2007-2008. At follow-up, 97.0% had DR and 42.9% of all patients without PDR at baseline developed this during the follow-up period. Patients who had had a poor glycaemic regulation as well as those who had NPDR at baseline were more likely to develop PDR than the remaining patients. On the other hand, other risk factors such as high blood pressure and proteinuria did not predict PDR. In the comparative study between ETDRS seven standard field 30 degrees stereoscopic colour films and nine field 45 degrees monoscopic digital colour images, 43 eyes of 43 patients were examined in 2008. A poor correlation was found between the two methods: only 29.3% were graded alike. In the remaining, the level of DR was graded higher in the digital photos. Among these, PDR was detected in three eyes using digital photos but remained undetected on all films. This suggests that digital photos with wide fields are the best way to detect DR in long-term type 1 diabetic patients. Overall, it is concluded that mortality is still higher among type 1 diabetic patients. This depends, among other things, on glycaemic regulation, lipid status and, partly, renal dysfunction. Diabetic retinopathy is almost universal in long-term type 1 diabetic patients, and almost half of all patients will develop PDR in 25 years. Nine field digital photos provide the best grading of retinopathy in long-term type 1 diabetic patients.
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PMID:Long-term mortality and retinopathy in type 1 diabetes. 2050 Jul 31

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight threatening complication due to diabetes mellitus that affects the retina. At present, the classification of DR is based on the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity. In this paper, FAZ enlargement with DR progression is investigated to enable a new and an effective grading protocol DR severity in an observational clinical study. The performance of a computerised DR monitoring and grading system that digitally analyses colour fundus image to measure the enlargement of FAZ and grade DR is evaluated. The range of FAZ area is optimised to accurately determine DR severity stage and progression stages using a Gaussian Bayes classifier. The system achieves high accuracies of above 96%, sensitivities higher than 88% and specificities higher than 96%, in grading of DR severity. In particular, high sensitivity (100%), specificity (>98%) and accuracy (99%) values are obtained for No DR (normal) and Severe NPDR/PDR stages. The system performance indicates that the DR system is suitable for early detection of DR and for effective treatment of severe cases.
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PMID:Analysis of foveal avascular zone in colour fundus images for grading of diabetic retinopathy severity. 2109 5

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality of life in patients with chronic pancreatitis with the presence of complications treated conservatively and surgical treatment. With the help of a questionnaire MOS SF-36 were asked 80 patients with CP, of whom 15 patients were after the operation, the PDR, 10 patients underwent draining operations, 15 patients had a history of pancreatic necrosis, in 20 patients with CP were characterized by complications (cyst calcification, kalkulez, pseudotumoral form of HP, diabetes) and surgical interventions were not performed in 20 CPs proceeded without complications. Were obtained significant differences on all scales of the questionnaire with the control group all CP patients. Assessment of coping with pain in long-terms after various operations was revealed significantly better results and got rid of persistent pain in patients with a complicated course, who underwent surgery. 23 CP patients with a complicated course, as enzyme replacement therapy received in ermital dose of 20,000 IU lipase 3-4 times a day for 3 weeks. The assessment of quality of life before and after therapy with ermital. The intensity of pain significant changes in the groups received. On the other hand the improvement in general health, physical and social functioning.
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PMID:[Effect of enzyme supportive therapy of the Ermital' on a quality of life of patients with chronic pancreatitis]. 2126 36

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight threatening complication due to diabetes mellitus that affects the retina. In this article, a computerised DR grading system, which digitally analyses retinal fundus image, is used to measure foveal avascular zone. A v-fold cross-validation method is applied to the FINDeRS database to evaluate the performance of the DR system. It is shown that the system achieved sensitivity of >84%, specificity of >97% and accuracy of >95% for all DR stages. At high values of sensitivity (>95%), specificity (>97%) and accuracy (>98%) obtained for No DR and severe NPDR/PDR stages, the computerised DR grading system is suitable for early detection of DR and for effective treatment of severe cases.
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PMID:Analysis of retinal fundus images for grading of diabetic retinopathy severity. 2127 Dec 93


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