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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors present 21 cases of severe hypoglycaemic side effects in diabetics treated with oral sulphonylurea drugs, including two deaths. The medications involved the most frequently were glibenclamide followed by glybutamide and glicalzide. Such side effects often occur early and are unrelated to dose. The classical predisposing factors were noted : old age, renal insufficiency, hepato-cellular insufficiency, drug associations -- in particular oral anticoagulants and salicylates. The indications for such drugs in the treatment of diabetes are discussed. Their use seems doubly illogical in the case of late onset obesity diabetes since the latter is accompanied by cardiovascular complications. It is dangerous in the elderly, particularly sensitive to the risks of hypoglycaemia and in who the diagnosis of "diabetes" is too often made on inadequate grounds.
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PMID:[Hypoglycemic complications of oral drug therapy of diabetes mellitus. 21 cases]. 81 20

Postmortal histologic examinations of the synovial membrane of both knee joints were conducted in 85 selected cases. The following conditions were given priority: diabetes mellitus, advanced renal insufficiency, liver cirrhosis with ascites, chronic insufficiency of the right heart, vericose syndrome of the lower extremities, tumours compressing organs of the pelvis minor as well as a few rare infectious and tumerous diseases. Comparison of the histomorphologic findings revealed consistancies such as pronounced ultravillous branching of the synovial membrane with villous hyalinosis in diabetes mellitus, increased, coarse villi formation in renal insufficiency and liver cirrhosis, edema of the synovial membrane in chronic insufficiency of the right heart and renal insufficiency as well as a number of nonspecific reactions of the synovial membrane in obstruction of venous drainage. In the context of generalized fibrotic processes such as in Ormond's disease and scleroderma, similar reactions of the synovial membrane are pronounced. Arthralgic complaints and secondary arthroses in those systemic diseases not primarily involving joints can be at least partially clarified by histomorphologic findings.
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PMID:[Reaction of synovial membranes in knee joint with primary extra-articular systemic diseases (author's transl)]. 85 62

The changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PA) in response to postural stimuli were evaluated in 12 patients with stable diabetes mellitus and in five volunteers. Seven diabetic patients had hyperkalemia, and several had renal insufficiency and neurological complications. Five diabetics and had normal serum potassium concentration, a mean creatinine clearance within the normal range, and few complications. PRA and PA were measured in these patients and in the control subjects, all of whom were receiving a diet containing 10 mEq of sodium and 50 mEq of potassium while they were in a supine position, after they were tilted to a 90 degrees position, and after upright posture for two hours. The results indicate that impaired responsiveness of PRA and PA may occur in patients with complicated and those with uncomplicated diabetes and may be responsible in part for a relatively high prevalence of hyperkalemia especially in those diabetic patients with reduced renal function.
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PMID:Hyporeninemia and hypoaldosteronism in diabetes mellitus. 87 19

In non-renal (diabetic) glucosuria we did not find any statistically real relations between the concentration of glucose in the urine and cryoscopically measured osmolality in children with healthy kidneys. The close negative correlation of the conductance of the urine to the concentration of glucose is not only to be explained by changes of the viscosity, but is an expression of an increased re-absorption of sodium as a result of a compensatory hyperaldosteronism. In renal insufficiency the electrolytic conductibility of the urine is lower than the borderline area of the normal, even when under influence of the glucose excretion the osmolality of the urine is still to be found normal. Thus also on the conditions of a considerable glucosuria we can further judge the concentrating ability of the kidney in diabetes mellitus with the help of the measurement of the conductance of the urine.
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PMID:[Measurement of kidney concentrating ability in children with nonrenal glycosuria]. 96 Aug 53

The present studies show that a number of functional abnormalities are present in the kidney in early diabetes, especially during poor regulation. Normalization of these functions and changes in renal and glomerular size are found during complete diabetes control. The results further support the idea that great efforts should be made to maintain the best possible control situation in diabetic patients. Our studies also indicate that antihypertensive therapy may be beneficial for young, proteinuric diabetics and may postpone the stage of renal insufficiency.
Diabetes 1976
PMID:Renal function changes in diabetes. 97 91

A case of a pluriglandular-insufficiency syndrome (Diabetes mellitus and primary hypothyroidism) is described. The history and symptomatology of the patient is presented and prevously published references are briefly discussed. The case reported was complicated by renal insufficiency and by a "muscle-syndrome" after clofibrate therapy for hyperlipidemia--two complications, which were possibly intensified by the hypothyroid state of the patient.
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PMID:[Diabetic nephropathy, hypothyroidism and colfibrate-induced myopathy (author's transl)]. 99 42

A 28 year old woman, with diabetes since age 18, had the nephrotic syndrome, hypertension and renal insufficiency. The initial renal biopsy specimen revealed diffuse glomerulosclerosis with early nodular changes. After an initial decline in renal function, her creatinine clearance progressively improved and has remained normal. Within 2 years she had a spontaneous remission of the nephrotic syndrome despite the presence of more pronounced nodular glomerular lesions. Although the renal hemodynamic functions were normal, certain tubular functions were impaired. Since we found no etiology for the nephrotic syndrome other than diabetic glomerulopathy, the complete remission of the nephrotic syndrome and improvement in renal function were very unusual events.
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PMID:Spontaneous remission of the nephrotic syndrome in diabetic nephropathy. 116 52

The effects of low-mineral content water (Adelholzener Primus-Quelle) in 62 patients were studied of which 14 were hypertonic. Changes of blood sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate were not observed in either group. In the hypertonic patients, blood pressure decreased from a mean systolic value of 168 to 140 mmHg and mean distolic pressure from 105 to 88 mmHg. Observations to date suggest the following indications for a low-mineral content water diet: 1. hypertension, 2. renal insufficiency in stages of compensated and decompensated retention, especially in cases with high serum potassium levels, 3. in the initial therapy of diabetes, gout and obesity; patients with a high water demand should be treated with low-mineral content water until the optimal intake of electrolytes is established.
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PMID:[Effects of water with a low mineral content on serum electrolytes and blood pressure]. 122 36

Pharmacokinetic studies of the new antidiabetic agent gliquidone, AR-DF 26, 1-cyclohexyl-3-((p-[2-(3,4-dihydro-7-methoxy-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-2 (1H)-isoquinolyl)-ethyl]-phenyl)-sulfonyl)-urea (Glurenorm) in healthy volunteers and patients with several diseases related to diabetes are reported. Plasma levels and excreta were monitored using the 14C-labelled compound and/or a specific radioimmunoassay. Following oral administration of a 30 mg tablet a maximal plasma level of approximately 600 ng/ml was attained after 2 to 3 h. The compound was eliminated mainly with the bile. Urinary excretion amounted to about 5% only. Comparison of diabetic patients with or without concomitant renal insufficiency did not reveal significant differences with respect to the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drug. This holds true also for administration following a multiple dosage regimen where even three doses of 60 mg each a day, did not result in elevated blood levels in either group. AR-DF 16 is metabolized mainly to four products, which were identified besides unchanged drug in bile, stool and urine. All excreta showed quite a similar pattern of distribution. In plasma, however, unchanged drug accounted for at least 80% of total radioactivity up to 8 h besides some biotransformed products, mainly AR-DF 33.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic behaviour of gliquidone (AR-DF 26), a new sulfonyl urea. Summary of the studies so far (author's transl)]. 124 65

A cryptococcal primary pulmonary lymph node complex has been demonstrated at autopsy or after thoracotomy in 1% of the cases of cryptococcosis. Stepwise microscopic examination of hilar lymph nodes should reveal a more frequent incidence of this rare but now well-documented complex. Nine examples of the cryptococcal complex are extant, including three herewith reported from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Four of these complexes developed in apparently normal persons and five in those hypersusceptible to infection because of neutropenia, diabetes, renal insufficiency, or corticosteroid therapy. The complexes in the normal persons were circumscribed granulomas and represented first-infection cryptococcosis similar to first-infection tuberculosis. There was a chronic course and a good prognosis with surgical resection. The complexes in the compromised hosts were predominantly acute diffuse pneumonias and large diffuse lesions of the lymph nodes, and were interpreted as first-infection cryptococcosis with massive spread facilitated by the compromised state. All these compromised patients died within a few weeks.
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PMID:The primary pulmonary lymph node complex of crytptococcosis. 124 92


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