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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyperglycaemia during parenteral alimentation occurs either as a result of an error in the supplies provided or as a result of diminished carbohydrate tolerance. The circumstances surrounding the development of carbohydrate intolerance are essentially : severe infections, major catabolic states, renal insufficiency, extensive burns, pancreatic problems and diabetes. From a pathogenic standpoint, there are two dominant elements : disturbances in hepatic gluconeogenesis and changes in insulin secretion and in resistance to insulin. The physiopathology is dominated by the risk of hyperosmolarity. Hypoglycaemia occurs most frequently as the result of a manit fest error : too sudded interruption of carbohydrate supplies or two high dosage of exogenous insulin.
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PMID:[Glucide intolerance and its pathogenic mechanisms during parenteral feeding]. 2 77

Two samples of muscles, one with proved, the other with doubtful neurogenic lesions have been investigated with EMG frequency analysis. Confirming reports from previous authors it was possible to show that a large proportion of muscles with proved lesions have a displacement of the frequency spectrum towards low frequencies("bass" displacement). The displacements were principally found in cases with old lesions. In a group of cases in which the symptoms had lasted a few months only a displacement towards high frequencies ("descant" displacement) was revealed. In view of these findings it was surprising to note a relatively large number of spectra with bass displacement in a group of cases in which the symptoms had lasted less than one month. The probable explanation of this is to be found in the fact that the muscles with bass displacement in this group principally belonged to patients with systemic diseases such as diabetes, alcoholism, renal insufficiency, itc., who quite possibly might have had earlier neurogenic lesions with a subclinical course. In the group of muscles with doubtful neurogenic lesions there was also found a comparatively large number of bass-displaced spectra. It was possible to show that here also there was a large number of patients with systemic diseases.
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PMID:On the relation between the EMG frequency spectrum and the duration of symptoms in lesions of the peripheral motor neuron. 4 5

Combined renal and pancreatic transplantation in patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy and renal insufficiency is designed to improve the poor prognosis observed with hemodialysis or renal transplantation alone. Interest has recently shifted from pancreatic organ to islet transplantation, in view of the absence of complications with the latter. However, no permanent success with islet transplants in diabetic patients has so far been reported. In the series presented, one patient with juvenile diabetes and subsequent renal failure was successfully treated with simultaneous kidney and intrasplenic pancreatic islet allotransplants. One year after the operation the patient has normal blood glucose levels without exogenous insulin, despite treatment with prednisone.
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PMID:[Successful allotransplantation of an island of Langerhans]. 11 44

Motor nerve conduction velocity was studied in a group of 44 hypertensive patients; velocity was measured at the level of the median and external popliteal sciatic nerves. From the series were excluded those hypertensive subjects with renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease. No significant differences were observed in MNCV values compared to controls. Within the hypertense group, no appreciable variations were observed depending on the duration and degree of hypertension, and signs of visceral damage (assessed at myocardial and retinic levels). The results do not confirm previous published data suggesting the existence of MNCV reduction during arterial hypertension, the reduction being considered an subclinical expression of peripheral neuropathy and an index of the gravity of visceral damage during hypertensive disease.
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PMID:[Motor nerve conduction velocity in arterial hypertension]. 18 27

The authors outline in two papers to what extent the interpretability of a radiograph is changed when converted by means of the Densitron. They confined themselves to the interpretation of dental films and panoramic radiographs. For reasons of clinical interest, particular attention was paid in dental films on localized processes (such as dental caries), and in panoramic radiographs on possible bone diseases as a sequel or concomitant affection in case of renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus and hyperthyreosis.
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PMID:[Studies on the uses of the electronic image evaluating device "Densitron" for the evaluation of dental radiographs. III. Standardisation in densitometry]. 26 3

Human proinsulin connecting peptide (C-peptide) was measured by immunoassay in urine from 25 normal subjects, 18 patients with diabetes mellitus, and 34 patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency. Assay validation studies showed that pancreatic C-peptide was quantitatively recovered when added to urine. Fractionation of urine by gel filtration indicated that most endogenous C-peptide eluted in fractions that corresponded to the C-peptide standard. In 34 nondiabetic subjects with normal kidney function or various renal diseases, C-peptide clearance was independent of creatinine clearance over a range of 6 to 190 ml./min. Urine C-peptide clearance (5.1 +/- 0.6 ml./min.) is greater than that of insulin (1.1 +/- 0.2 ml./min.), and the total quantity of C-peptide excreted in the urine per day represents 5 per cent of pancreatic secretion, as against only 0.1 per cent of secreted insulin. Healthy subjects excreted 36 +/- 4 mug. C-peptide per 24 hours, while this value in juvenile-onset diabetics was only 1.1 +/- 0.5 mug. Adult-onset diabetics excreted 24 +/- 7 mug./24 hr., the range overlapping the excretory rates of both normal subjects and juvenile-onset diabetics. Two insulin-requiring adult-onset diabetics showed significant beta-cell reserve during the course of acute infections. These results suggest that urine C-peptide provides a useful means of assessing beta-cell secretory capacity over a period of time and is especially advantageous when frequent blood sampling is not feasible.
Diabetes 1977 Jan
PMID:Quantitation of human pancreatic beta-cell function by immunoassay of C-peptide in urine. 31 25

The paper presents an analysis of clinical symptoms, signs and laboratory data of 330 diabetic patients who developed lactic acidosis after having been treated with biguanides (phenformin, buformin, metformin). From the review of the literature an attempt is made to find special features that predisposed patients to develop lactic acidosis such as accompanying illnesses and additional medications, to describe the course of illness and also the factors that influenced the prognosis. Of the patients that developed lactic acidosis 50.3% died. These patients were older, they suffered more frequently from cardiovascular shock, their acidosis was more severe, the whole blood lactate concentration was higher, and the degree of renal insufficiency was more advanced. From our observations we conclude the the treatment of diabetes mellitus with biguanides should be reserved for specially selected patients.
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PMID:Lactic acidosis in biguanide-treated diabetics: a review of 330 cases. 34 19

Renal disease, particularly glomerulosclerosis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. Signaled by the onset of proteinuria after 15 or more years of insulin therapy, progressive renal insufficiency due to glomerulosclerosis terminates in uremia within five years. Although some patients have benefited from chronic dialysis programs, the outcome in uremic diabetics has been considerably better if successful renal transplantation can be accomplished. Extrarenal complications of diabetes mellitus and recurrence of diabetic lesions in transplanted kidneys have hampered the recovery and rehabilitation of transplant recipients. Other renal diseases encountered in juvenile diabetics are reviewed.
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PMID:Grand rounds: Nashville VA Hospital--Vanderbilt University. Saturday conference: renal disease in the juvenile diabetic. 37 Oct 5

A 72-years old man was severely injured when a lorry rolled back and pinned him down, causing contusion of the chest, fractures of ribs 3-10 on the right and haemothorax. Treatment of the chest injuries was by drainage and by positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation because of the development of severe pneumonia with wet lung. Persistent renal insufficiency, a gastro-intestinal haemorrhage and diabetes also required treatment. The patient developed septic endomyocarditis as a late complication, possibly attributable to the central venous catheter. All pulmonary and extrapulmonary injuries and complications could be set right during the patient's 4-months' stay in the intensive care unit.
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PMID:[A case of extremely severe chest injury with fracture of several ribs (author's transl)]. 37 48

In a survey, the pharmacological and clinical documentation of metformin is presented and discussed, and the present state of knowledge relating to metformin-associated lactic acidosis is reviewed. The use of metformin in the treatment of diabetes is based on clinical experience over twenty years. It has been well documented that metformin is effective in maturity-onset diabetes both as monotherapy and in combination with a sulphonylurea. An advantage of metformin treatment is the tendency to weight reduction and the absence of significant hypoglycaemia; blood glucose levels are reduced only to normal. The disadvantages are the gastro-intestinal side effects and the potential risk of vitamin B 12 and folic acid deficiency during long-term use. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is a very rare complication, which has mainly occured in patients with serious renal insufficiency or other contra-indications to the use of metformin. The association between phenformin and lactic acidosis has led to withdrawal of this biguanide in several countries. Metformin differs from phenformin in certain important respects, and the normal use of metformin does not involve the risk of side effects disproportionate to the intended effect. Further experimental studies are required to substantiate pharmacokinetics and metabolic effects of metformin in man.
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PMID:Metformin: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. 38 88


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