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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The microflora of the rat gingival crevice were examined at various time intervals after inducing experimental diabetes. A variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cocci and short rods were isolated from the normal rat crevice. Within a week after alloxan administration, Leptotrichia buccalis was detected for the first time. Other features in the diabetic animals included an increased frequency of isolation of Proteus spp., Lactobacillus spp. and decrease of Escherichia coli. Occasionally, a decrease was also observed in Bacteroides spp. and Streptococcus spp. No difference was observed between diabetic and non-diabetic animals in the isolation of Selonomonas, Campylobacter, Bifidobacterium and Actinomyces. Plaque accumulation was markedly increased in the diabetic rats. It was concluded that the change in gingival microflora resulted from diabetes-induced alterations in the sulcular environment (such as increased substrate levels, e.g. glucose and urea, and decreased oxygen) and that the microbiological changes preceded the depending of the periodontal pocket.
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PMID:The development of an altered gingival crevicular microflora in the alloxan-diabetic rat. 695 37

ODU Plaque-susceptible rats (ODUS/Odu) exhibit markedly heavy plaque formation in the lower incisors and develop both periodontal pockets and gingivitis after being fed a commercially available powder diet. These rats have been established as an inbred strain. We have demonstrated that the ODUS/Odu are a very suitable experimental model for studying periodontitis. We already reported about the allelic distribution, changes of plaque formation and body weight, biochemical nature, toxic activity, vascular permeability factor and bradykinin inactivating factor of the plaque, histological and immunological studies, the pH in the periodontal pocket, amount of saliva, IgA in the saliva, salivary kallikrein, the relationship between sialic acid in the saliva and the serum, leukocyte functions (chemotaxis and superoxide anion) in ODUS/Odu, histamine, mast cell, free radicals, superoxide dismutase activities in gingiva and gingival nerve fibers with substance P or calcitonin gene-related peptide, and effect of diabetes. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic ODUS/Odu may be a useful tool for studying the pathological mechanisms in the development of periodontal tissue breakdown in diabetes. ODUS/Odu should help to further establish the utility of this strain as a model for experimental periodontal disease.
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PMID:[Experimental periodontitis in rats]. 762 82

Sclerotic involvement of abdominal aorta and lower limb arteries is related to 2 types of fundamental lesions: atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a focal intimal thickening (plaque) of large- and medium-sized arteries, which combines atheroma (lipid deposition) and fibrosis. Plaque rupture is the crucial event in the progression of atherosclerosis, directly causing most acute thrombotic events, and contributing in great part to plaque expansion. Arteriosclerosis is a diffuse fibrosis of the arterial wall with thickening of the intima, and thinning of the media. Two forms of arteriosclerosis probably exist with distinct mechanisms and consequences. Obliterating arteriosclerosis mainly involves leg arteries (causing poor distal run-off) and appears to be essentially enhanced by ageing, diabetes and chronic renal insufficiency. Dilating arteriosclerosis involves large arteries where it provokes aneurysm formation; it is related to ageing, but seems also to be dependent upon an inborn dystrophy of arterial connective tissue. These 3 components of sclerotic arterial diseases of the lower limbs are often combined in the same individual.
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PMID:[Description and mechanisms of sclerotic arterial diseases of the lower limbs]. 772 5

Autopsy cases from Annual Report of Autopsy Cases published by the Japan Society of Pathology showed an increase of myocardial infarction from 13.2% in the years 1958-65 to 26.6% in the years 1983-85. However, cerebral infarction and hemorrhage showed no definite increase during the period. Frequency of diabetes mellitus was extremely increased among the cases of myocardial infarction who were admitted to our hospital. Arteriographic characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis in diabetics consist of multiple tight stenoses in one major artery and two or three arterial obstructions. Carotid arterial blood flow and plaque formation and calcification of the arteries were examined by doppler imaging technology and B-mode (5 MHz) real time ultrasound using ultrasonographic equipment in diabetic patients. Both blood flow volume and blood flow velocity in the elderly patients with diabetes mellitus (over 65 years old) were significantly reduced compared with those in the younger patients with diabetes mellitus (7.4 +/- 0.4 vs. 8.5 +/- 0.2 in blood flow volumes. p < 0.01; 12.4 +/- 0.8 in blood flow velocities. p < 0.01). Plaque formation and calcification of carotid arteries were significantly more frequent in the elderly patients with diabetes mellitus than in the younger patients with diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05). Asymptomatic cerebral infarction was studied in 37 diabetic patients by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the absence of prior stroke. T2 weighted MRI imaging showed 27 patients among 37 patients (73%) to suffer from lacunar infarction. Hyperintensities were seen in the brain stem (28.6%), white matter (62.9%), basal ganglia (60.0%), and paraventricular areas (PVH) (20.0%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Diabetic macroangiopathy in the elderly]. 831 44

Diabetics are generally considered at higher risk for periodontitis than non-diabetics. Among diabetics, those with poorer metabolic control have often been found to have more periodontitis. This study investigated the relationship between two crevicular fluid enzymes, beta-glucuronidase (beta G) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and metabolic control in 93 adults with type 1 or 2 diabetes. Metabolic control was evaluated by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. The most visibly inflamed site was sampled for crevicular fluid enzymes and plaque for microbial assessment. Plaque, calculus, and probing depth were also recorded. Beta-glucuronidase was found at significantly higher levels in patients with poorer diabetic control while LDH levels were not related to control. Using multiple regression analysis, good metabolic control was the only predicting variable for beta-glucuronidase when considered with microbes, probing depth, plaque, calculus, age, duration, and type of diabetes. If beta-glucuronidase is a predictor of periodontal disease activity, diabetics with poor metabolic control are at higher risk for periodontitis.
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PMID:Enzyme activity in crevicular fluid in relation to metabolic control of diabetes and other periodontal risk factors. 839 May 72

Congenic B10.BR/SgSnJ H-2kTlaa mice were infected with a diabetogenic strain of coxsackievirus CB4 to correlate abnormalities of sugar metabolism with virus replication in islets, 64,000-M(r) (64K) islet autoantigen expression, 64K antibody development, and pancreas histopathology in early and late infection. Plaque assay was used to measure virus replication, whereas immunoprecipitation of the mouse islet extracts with 64K antibody-positive and -negative human sera measured autoantigen expression and antibody development. The infected mice exhibited blood glucose values below that of the noninfected control animals at 72 h postinfection, this subnormal blood glucose persisted at 6 wk postinfection and later. A baseline expression of the autoantigen was detected in the noninfected mice; however, the infected animals did not overexpress the protein at 72 h postinfection or develop 64K antibodies after infection. Limited virus replication was detected in the islets at 72 h postinfection but not later. Acinar necrosis, but not islet loss due to mononuclear cell infiltration, was evident in the infected mice. The congenic mice did not develop hyperglycemia and appear to be diabetes-resistant, their beta cells were largely preserved. This may be due to limited virus replication in their islets or their failure to overexpress the autoantigen and develop 64K antibodies following the infection. Diabetes-susceptible mice, on the contrary, support active virus replication in their islets, overexpress the autoantigen at 72 h postinfection, and develop 64K antibodies and hyperglycemia following such infection (Gerling et al., 1988, 1991).
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PMID:Lack of 64,000-M(r) islet autoantigen overexpression and antibody development following coxsackievirus B4 infection in diabetes-resistant mice. 839 90

Many studies show a strong association between diabetes mellitus and risk for periodontal disease destruction. Patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of developing destructive periodontal disease. Under similar plaque conditions, adult patients with long-term, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus have more attachment and bone loss than controlled diabetic patients. Most patients with diabetes mellitus respond to conventional periodontal treatment, but in some cases the response may be related to the degree of metabolic control. Periodontal treatment may have a beneficial effect on the metabolic status of poorly controlled diabetes. Tetracycline therapy may be an effective adjunctive treatment in the management of periodontal disease in diabetic patients by blocking collagenase-dependent periodontal tissue destruction. Pyostomatitis vegetans is frequently associated with chronic inflammatory bowel disease and is a marker for the disease. Plaque control with chlorhexidine gluconate should be preceded by mechanical removal of plaque and calculus in patients with leukemia undergoing chemotherapy. A distinct gingival lesion is associated with Wegener's granulomatosis, a potentially fatal disease that, if detected early, has a favorable prognosis.
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PMID:Periodontal manifestations of systemic disease and management of patients with systemic disease. 840 43

Three consecutive periods in the natural history of atherosclerosis are amenable to medical treatment. Plaque development is the main target of prevention, which also aims at slowing the progression of already existing plaques. The control of several established risk factors (high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking) has already yielded encouraging benefits, especially in the field of secondary prevention. More efficient prophylaxis is to be expected, either from the further improved control of these classic risk factors with earlier, stronger, and longer interventions or from the correction of newly established causal determinants of atherosclerosis. A plaque manifests itself clinically through progressive or abrupt obstruction of the arterial lumen, which can be avoided or retarded by interventions aimed at reducing thrombosis, at controlling plaque instability (the major cause of thrombosis), and at enhancing arterial remodeling (which allows compensatory enlargement of the arterial lumen). When ischemia has occurred, a third wave of palliative treatments aims at improving energy supply to the organ with compromised vascularization. Classic treatments reduce oxygen consumption or improve oxygen extraction by ischemic tissues. In addition, the design of drugs to enhance the development of collateral channels appears to be promising therapeutic approach.
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PMID:Pharmacologic approaches to the treatment of atherosclerotic arterial obstruction. 869 60

Periodontal disease is more prevalent and more severe in diabetic than in non-diabetic individuals but the magnitude of this increase is still being debated. This prospective, cross-sectional study compared the periodontal status of 118 diabetic men and 115 age-matched non-diabetic men. Plaque and gingival indices, bleeding scores, probing depth, loss of attachment, and number of missing teeth were measured in a blinded manner. Smoking status, glycemic control, socioeconomic status, and previous dental care were also assessed. These parameters were significantly higher in diabetic than non-diabetic men: plaque index, P < 0.0001; gingival index, P < 0.0002; bleeding score, P < 0.0001; probing depth, P = 0.0059; loss of attachment, P < 0.0001; and missing teeth, P < 0.005. These parameters were significantly higher in smokers than non-smokers: gingival index, probing depth, and loss of attachment. The duration of diabetes was not significantly related to the periodontal measures. Glycemic control as assessed by fasting plasma glucose and glycohemoglobin values was not significantly correlated to periodontal status. These studies indicate, for this study group, that diabetes significantly affects all measured parameters of periodontal status.
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PMID:Periodontal status of diabetic and non-diabetic men: effects of smoking, glycemic control, and socioeconomic factors. 895 68

We evaluated risk factors involved in regional differences in atherosclerotic lesions in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or both. Using ultrasonography, we examined the brachial, common carotid, and common femoral arteries in 65 hospitalized Japanese patients (15 controls, 18 patients with hypertension, 16 with diabetes mellitus, and 16 with both hypertension and diabetes mellitus). They ranged in age from 39 to 81 yr, mean 60.3 yr. The thickness of the intima-media complex of the far wall was measured, and the severity of atherosclerotic plaques was graded according to maximal lumen stenosis. The intima-media thickness in the carotid and femoral arteries was significantly greater in the hypertensive patients and the hypertensive patients with diabetes than in the controls. Severity of plaque was greater in the hypertensive patients with diabetes than in the controls. Plaque grades were higher in the carotid and femoral arteries than in the brachial artery. Multiple regression analysis revealed that age and mean blood pressure were strongly associated with the intima-media thickness in all three arteries. In the femoral artery, cigarette smoking and hyperglycemia also significantly correlated with the intima-media thickness. Plaque grades increased with age in the carotid and brachial arteries, while in the femoral artery the grade increased with cigarette smoking and serum cholesterol concentration. These findings suggest that the extent of atherosclerosis and its underlying risk factors differ among arterial sites. In addition, risk factors may partly differ according to the stage of atherosclerosis. To prevent or reverse atherosclerosis, the above differences should be taken into account.
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PMID:Ultrasonographic assessment of regional differences in atherosclerotic lesions in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or both. 932 98


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