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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was conducted to determine the possible influence of diabetes on the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. A total of 148 patients, 120 females and 28 males, were surveyed. Their ages ranged between 9 and 50 years, with an average age of 30. The experimental group consisted of 83 diabetics and there was a control group of 65 nondiabetics. Both groups were divided into patients under and over the age of 30. The results showed: 1. Loss of attachment was higher in the over-30 diabetic group in the presence of similar local factors. 2. A higher Gingival Index was reported in diabetics of the combined age groups than in the controls (P less than 0.05). 3. The Plaque and Calculus Indices did not differ significantly between the diabetic and control subjects. 4. The correlation between the Plaque Index and loss of attachment in diabetics was the most relevant of the correlation analyses. The correlation between the gingival inflammation and loss of attachment indices in the combined diabetic group was also significant. 5. In both groups, diabetics and controls, periodontal destruction increased significantly with age. 6. Juvenile diabetics with severe periodontal disease, as well as others with normal periodontal structures, were found in the course of this study. These findings coincided with the presence or absence of local factors.
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PMID:Periodontal findings in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. 28 90

In 42 insulin-dependent type-I diabetics (age: 25.1 +/- 6 years; history of diabetes: 6.7 +/- 6.6 years) and in 118 control patients (age: 26.1 +/- 5.7 years) the oral health status including a periodontal examination was assessed. In addition, diabetic patients served to study the microflora in gingival pockets and on the mucosa of the cheek. The dental examination comprised the assessment of oral hygiene (Approximal Plaque Index, API), gingival inflammation (Sulcus Bleeding Index, SBI, and Gingival Index, GI) and of loss of attachment. Special medical history forms were used to gather information about the quality of metabolic equilibration and about laboratory values pertinent to diabetes. A significant positive correlation was found between poor metabolic adjustment (high glykosylized HbA1) and loss of attachment (r = 0.527). A significant relation was also detected between the administered insulin dose and gingival conditions (r = 0.404). The plasma leukocyte level was positively correlated to the SBI value (r = 0.546) as well as to the GI value (r = 0.496). Bacteriological investigation of subgingival samples revealed an increased amount of gram-positive, anaerobic rods (27.5%), especially corynebacteria (7.4%). Their numbers showed a narrow correlation to SBI (mean value: 48.1%) and GI (mean value: 1.9).
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PMID:[The periodontal findings and microflora in insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetics]. 196 63

The relationship between diabetes mellitus and oral health status was determined in Pima Indians from the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona. This tribe of native Americans has the world's highest reported incidence and prevalence of non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus. The probing attachment level, alveolar bone loss, age, sex, Calculus Index, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, fluorosis, and DMFT as well as the diabetic status was assessed in 1,342 Pima Indians who were at least partially dentate. The prevalence and severity of destructive periodontal disease was determined by measuring probing attachment loss and radiographically apparent interproximal crestal alveolar bone loss, two independent but correlated indicators of periodontal destruction. Only diabetic status, age, and the presence of subgingival calculus were significantly associated with both increased prevalence and greater severity of destructive periodontal disease in this population. Diabetic status was significantly and strongly related to both the prevalence and severity of disease after adjusting for the effects of demographic variables and several indices of oral health including the Plaque Index. Subjects with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of destructive periodontitis with an odds ratio of 2.81 (95% confidence interval 1.91 to 4.13) when attachment loss is used to measure the disease. The odds ratio for diabetic subjects was 3.43 (95% confidence interval 2.28 to 5.16) where bone loss was used to measure periodontal destruction. These findings demonstrate tht diabetes increases the risk of developing destructive periodontal disease about threefold. Furthermore, diabetes increases the risk of developing periodontal disease in a manner which cannot be explained on the basis of age, sex, and hygiene or other dental measures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Periodontal disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 202 65

The purpose of this pilot study program was to evaluate the effects of a one-year dental health education program on the oral health status and locus of control of juvenile diabetic children. Thirty subjects with juvenile diabetes mellitus were allocated to control and experimental treatment groups so that group frequencies (age, sex, race, duration of diabetes) were similar. Both groups had a Silness and Loe Plaque Index (PLI) and a Ramfjord Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) performed, and received an oral prophylaxis three times over the one-year period. Locus of control was measured at baseline and one year using the Children's Health Locus of Control Scale. In addition, the experimental group received an extensive dental health education program which emphasized the effects of dental disease on diabetes control. Twenty-five subjects completed the study. Pre- and post-locus of control measures were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed Rank test. The Mann Whitney U Test was used to analyze differences between the groups. Indexes were compared using nonparametric two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance. Analysis revealed no statistically significant differences between groups or in locus of control scores over time. However, PDI and PLI scores improved in both groups, particularly from baseline to six months (p less than .01). Although not statistically significant, both groups exhibited a high internal locus of control. While the dental health education program resulted in only minor improvements in mean group scores, the intervention of preventive treatment produced significant improvement in measured indexes.
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PMID:Juvenile diabetics' oral health and locus of control. A pilot study. 263 Jun 18

Systemic diseases--like diabetes mellitus--are able to injure the local and common resistance of an organism. Therefore we must expect a more intensive and severer progress of gingivitis and periodontitis in diabetic patients in comparison with a non-diabetic control-group. On the Gondar College of Medical Sciences in Northwest-Ethiopia are investigated 77 Insulin-obliged diabetics and 312 persons for control by means of the plaque-Index, the Oral-Hygiene-Index simplified. The DMF/T-Index and the Gingivitis-respectively Periodontal-Disease-Index for evaluation of the oral health situation. The comparison shows that the diabetic group has a moderate higher Plaque-pictures of gingivitis or periodontitis. This confirms our opinion that the diabetes mellitus is a risk-factor for the development of periodontal diseases. Therefore patients with diabetes mellitus should perform a very intensive care for mouth-hygiene.
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PMID:[Report on experiences with a one-year action at the Gondar College of Medical Sciences in Ethiopia. 3. Influence of diabetes mellitus on the teeth supporting apparatus]. 263 34

The morphotypes of the subgingival microflora from 85 12 to 18-year-old Finnish adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were studied in Gram- and Rhodes-stained smears. A comparison was made with subgingival plaque samples from paired age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Significant differences were found in the distribution of the morphotypes. The microflora in the IDDM patient group contained significantly lower proportions of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cocci and total Gram-positive bacteria and higher proportions of Gram-negative rods, fusiforms, and total Gram-negative bacteria. In the Rhodes-stained samples, the patients had more straight and curved rods and less fusiforms than the controls. The proportions of spirochetes and flagellated bacteria were almost identical in both groups. The clinical periodontal status of the subjects had been reported in a separate study. In spite of similar Plaque Index scores, the patients had more gingivitis than the controls. This finding may be explained by the distribution of morphotypes: more Gram-negative rods and total Gram-negative bacteria (periodontally more pathogenic forms) in the diabetic patients.
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PMID:Morphotypes of the subgingival microflora in diabetic adolescents in Finland. 279 20

Plaque purification of the M variant of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus resulted in the isolation of two stable variants: one diabetogenic and designated D and the other nondiabetogenic and designated B. When the D variant was inoculated into SJL/J male mice, hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia developed in > 90% of the animals. In contrast, none of the mice inoculated with the B variant developed diabetes. Histologic examination of pancreata from mice infected with the D variant revealed insulitis and necrosis of beta cells, whereas islets from mice infected with the B variant showed little, if any, change. When islets were assayed for infectious virus, approximately 10 times more virus was recovered from animals inoculated with the D as compared with the B variant. Moreover, approximately 60% of islet cells from mice infected with the D variant contained viral antigens when stained with fluorescein-labeled anti-EMC virus antibody, whereas < 5% of islet cells from animals infected with the B variant contained viral antigens. Co-infection experiments showed that the induction of diabetes by the D variant was inhibited by the B variant. When the B and D variants were mixed together at B:D ratios of 1, 9, and 99, diabetes developed in 60, 11, and 0% of the mice, respectively. Tissue-culture experiments revealed that the B variant induced considerably more interferon than the D variant, and studies in animals showed that interferon appeared earlier and in greater amounts in the circulation of mice infected with the B as compared with the D variant. These studies suggest that the induction of interferon by the B variant is, at least in part, responsible for the inhibition of diabetes by the D variant.
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PMID:Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. XVIII. Inhibition by a nondiabetogenic variant of encephalomyocarditis virus. 625 75

In mice, Mengovirus produces a fatal encephalitis. Plaque purification of the virus resulted in the isolation of a clone (Mengo- 2T ), which in addition to encephalitis caused diabetes. Microscopic examination of pancreases from infected mice revealed necrosis in the islets of Langerhans and infiltration of inflammatory cells. By immunofluorescence viral antigens were found in the islets, and radioimmunoassays demonstrated a substantial decrease in pancreatic immunoreactive insulin. Studies on susceptibility among inbred strains of mice showed that whereas the D variant of encephalomyocarditis virus caused diabetes only in SJL/J mice, Mengo- 2T caused diabetes in strains of mice resistant to encephalomyocarditis-induced diabetes (i.e., CBA/J, C3H/HeJ, CE/J, AKR/J, C57BL/6J). The ability of Mengo- 2T to induce diabetes in encephalomyocarditis-resistant mice was found to be due to the greater capacity of Mengo- 2T as compared to the D variant of encephalomyocarditis virus to replicate in and destroy the islets of these animals. Although Mengo- 2T and the D variant of encephalomyocarditis virus are antigenically indistinguishable by hyperimmune sera, our studies show that these viruses have different host ranges and tissue tropisms .
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PMID:Virus-induced diabetes mellitus: mengovirus infects pancreatic beta cells in strains of mice resistant to the diabetogenic effect of encephalomyocarditis virus. 632 99

Effects of 5-[4-(1-methylcyclohexylmethoxy)benzyl]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (ADD-3878, U-63,287, Ciglitazone) on glucose and lipid metabolism were examined in various animal models. ADD-3878, administered as a dietary admixture (30-186 mg/kg/day) to obese-diabetic yellow KK (KK-Ay) mice, markedly suppressed the diabetic syndromes (hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperinsulinemia), accompanied by the reduction of insulin resistance as manifested by improvement of overall insulin sensitivity in either the insulin tolerance test or the steady-state blood glucose test. Chronic administration of ADD-3878 for as long as 12 wk to young yellow KK mice, which were in the early stage of diabetes and obesity, depressed age-dependent rises in blood glucose, plasma triglyceride, and insulin without exerting any effect on obesity. When orally administered to obese Zucker-fatty rats, ADD-3878 decreased plasma insulin and triglyceride in a dose-dependent manner (5-100 mg/kg/day). The treated rats showed increased tolerance and decreased insulin secretion in response to oral glucose. The glycemic response to insulin and the steady-state plasma glucose were also normalized in the treated rats. Chronic administration of ADD-3878 to young fatty rats for as long as 12 wk decreased the dose-dependent rises in blood glucose, plasma triglyceride, and insulin without exerting any effect on body weight. ADD-3878 had no effect on glucose and lipid metabolism of young Sprague-Dawley rats and mild streptozotocin-diabetic rats. However, in old Sprague-Dawley rats that were moderately insulin resistant and hyperlipidemic compared with young ones, ADD-3878 decreased plasma triglyceride and insulin and improved insulin sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1983 Sep
PMID:Reduction of insulin resistance in obese and/or diabetic animals by 5-[4-(1-methylcyclohexylmethoxy)benzyl]-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (ADD-3878, U-63,287, ciglitazone), a new antidiabetic agent. 635 88

Earlier studies indicate that diabetic children are less resistant to periodontal disease than healthy children. As the degree of metabolic control of the diabetes ranges widely in a juvenile population, the susceptibility to gingival inflammation may vary. The aim of the present study was to compare the gingival status in diabetic children, subgrouped for control of the disease, with that in non-diabetic children. All comparisons were performed under controlled plaque conditions. 43 diabetic children took part in the study. The controls consisted of age- and sex-matched healthy children. The degree of gingival inflammation and the amount of bacterial plaque were assessed in terms of the Gingival Index and the Plaque Index, respectively. The Plaque Index scores constituted the basis for all comparisons of gingival status. The metabolic control of the diabetics was assessed from the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin fraction HbA1c. For children with the highest Plaque Index scores, diabetics showed statistically significantly higher Gingival Index scores. Only minor differences were seen in the other Plaque Index classes. The diabetic children with poor metabolic control showed a clear tendency towards higher Gingival Index scores than the non-diabetics, while no such tendency was seen between the diabetics with good metabolic control and the non-diabetics.
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PMID:Gingival inflammation in diabetic children related to degree of metabolic control. 693 90


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