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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral administration of quercitrin, an inhibitor of aldose reductase, leads to a significant decrease in the accumulation of sorbitol in the lens of diabetic Octodon degus. The onset of cataract is effectively delayed when quercitrin is continuously administered. Thus in these diabetic animals, as in galactosemic rats, the use of an effective aldose reductase inhibitor impedes the course of cataract development. These observations support the hypothesis that in diabetes, as in galactosemia, aldose reductase plays a key role in initiating the formation of lens opacity.
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PMID:Diabetic cataracts and flavonoids. 40 44

The effect of piroxicam on the blood-retina barrier was evaluated in rats with experimentally induced diabetes. Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ). Diabetic rats were divided into two equal groups: those treated with piroxicam, a long-acting platelet inhibitor, and an untreated control group. Vitreous fluorophotometry (VFP) was performed both before and two weeks after induction of diabetes and piroxicam intake. Streptozocin-induced diabetes caused an alteration in the blood-retinal barrier evidenced by an increase in vitreous fluorescein concentration in diabetic rats compared with normal rats. Piroxicam intake did not lead to significant change in vitreous fluorescein concentrations. However, the examination had to be terminated at two weeks because of cataract formation. The piroxicam treated group showed less incidence of lens opacity formation (59.1% compared to 81.8% in the untreated group, p = 0.0006). Piroxicam administration appears to protect the diabetic rat eye against lens opacification.
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PMID:Effect of piroxicam on the blood-retina barrier in experimentally induced diabetes in rats. 183 66

Mono- and diaminoguanidine inhibited ambient glucose-induced glycosylated end product formation of albumin and collagen 125I-labeled albumin covalent binding in vitro. Diaminoguanidine was a stronger inhibitor than monoaminoguanidine. These compounds also inhibited rat eye lens aldose reductase activity in vitro noncompetitively with respect to NADPH with Ki = 30.6 mM for monoaminoguanidine and Ki = 12.5 mM for diaminoguanidine. When administered daily for 98 days at a dose of 25 mg/kg body wt i.p., both compounds lowered eye lens sorbitol and aldose reductase activity in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Again, diaminoguanidine was a better inhibitor. Daily long-term administration of mono- and diaminoguanidine (25 mg/kg body wt i.p.) inhibited and prevented experimental diabetes-induced lens opacity in rats, respectively. It appears that diaminoguanidine has a better therapeutic potential in controlling diabetic complications.
Diabetes 1991 Aug
PMID:Inhibition of diabetes-associated complications by nucleophilic compounds. 190 49

The Lens Opacities Case-Control Study evaluated risk factors for age-related nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, and mixed cataracts. The 1380 participants were ophthalmology outpatients, aged 40 to 79 years, classified into the following groups: posterior subcapsular only, 72 patients; nuclear only, 137 patients; cortical only, 290 patients; mixed cataract, 446 patients; and controls, 435 patients. In polychotomous logistic regression analyses, low education increased risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46) and regular use of multivitamin supplements decreased risk (OR = 0.63) for all cataract types. Dietary intake of riboflavin, vitamins C, E, and carotene, which have antioxidant potential, was protective for cortical, nuclear, and mixed cataract; intake of niacin, thiamine, and iron also decreased risk. Similar results were found in analyses that combined the antioxidant vitamins (OR = 0.40) or considered the individual nutrients (OR = 0.48 to 0.56). Diabetes increased risk of posterior subcapsular, cortical, and mixed cataracts (OR = 1.56). Oral steroid therapy increased posterior subcapsular cataract risk (OR = 5.83). Females (OR = 1.51) and nonwhites (OR = 2.03) were at increased risk only for cortical cataract. Risk factors for nuclear cataract were a nonprofessional occupation (OR = 1.96), current smoking (OR = 1.68), body mass index (OR = 0.76), and occupational exposure to sunlight (OR = 0.61). Gout medications (OR = 2.48), family history (OR = 1.52), and use of eyeglasses by age 20 years, which is an indicator of myopia (OR = 1.44), increased risk of mixed cataract. The results support a role for the nutritional, medical, personal, and other factors in cataractogenesis. The potentially modifiable factors suggested by this study merit further evaluation.
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PMID:The Lens Opacities Case-Control Study. Risk factors for cataract. 184 56

A longitudinal biomicroscopic study of lenses and fundi of over 2,000 Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mice) which have cataracts as an autosomal recessive trait has been correlated with histologic development of cataracts. By selective breeding, early-onset cataracts (Type I), which are frequently associated with abnormal closure of the fetal fissure and hyaloid vascular abnormalities, have been separated from later-onset (Type II) cataracts, which are more heterogeneous. Type I cataracts occur in syndactylous deer mice, develop rapidly, and histologically may show backward migration of disrupted lens bow cells before lens opacity is apparent biomicroscopically. Posterior subcapsular cataracts then develop and spread centrally and inferonasally to the equatorial area and then to the entire equator. The nucleus opacifies in either a "shell" pattern or as isolated dots. Anterior cortical opacification progresses to mature cataract. Histologically, abnormal migration and proliferation of lens epithelium and enlargement and vacuolar degeneration of the basal (posterior) process of cortical lens fibers are early changes in Type I cataracts. Disruption of the lens bow with failure of differentiation and inward turning of lens epithelium to become lens fibers occurs concurrently. Type II cataracts may follow the developmental pattern of Type I but are rarely associated with severe hyaloid vascular abnormalities and progress more slowly. About 6% of animals develop diabetes, which is not associated with the cataract-webbed trait.
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PMID:Cataract-webbed trait in Peromyscus. II. Biomicroscopy and histology of eyes. 735 Jan 32

We assessed the effect of dipyridamole, RA-642 and mopidamol, on lenticular opacities in a model of experimental diabetic cataracts in rats. All three pyrimido-pyrimidine derivatives caused a statistically significant reduction of opacification in crystalline lens as compared with untreated diabetic animals. The production of superoxide anions (phenazine methosulphate [PMS]-induced nitroblue tetrazolium [NBT] reduction) showed a decrease of 81.6%, 78.9% and 1.8% in lens tissue homogenates from rats treated with dipyridamole, RA-642 and mopidamol, respectively. Dipyridamole and RA-642 produced a statistically significant inhibition (50% and 64.8%, respectively) of lipid peroxidation (ferrous sulphate and ascorbic acid [FeAs]-induced malondialdehyde [MDA] production) as compared with the group of untreated diabetic rats. Mopidamol did not exert any inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. There was a statistically significant correlation between opacification of lens and PMS-induced NBT reduction and FeAs-induced MDA production. We conclude that the protective effect of dipyridamole and RA-642 from free radical damage to crystalline lens in the model of experimental diabetes used in this study, is the result of the antioxidant action of these compounds. The effect exerted by mopidamol, however, suggest a possible complementary effect of the pyrimido-pyrimidine derivatives through interaction with other mechanisms (e.g., the sorbitol pathway) implicated in the development of cataracts.
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PMID:The pyrimido-pyrimidine derivatives, dipyridamole and RA-642, reduce opacification of crystalline lens in diabetic rats. 787 Jun 94

In three patients with transient cataracts the lenticular opacities were feathery in nature, and posterior subcapsular in location. They appeared to emanate from a dense central posterior subcapsular plaque. These opacities were examined with the slit lamp and documented photographically. The onset of cataract was abrupt in all three patients, and resolved over a three- to 36-day period. Two patients had bilateral reversible cataracts, and in one of these patients the lenticular opacities were recurrent. Two of the patients had been taking oral corticosteroids. Temporary cataracts have been previously reported in patients with poor diabetic control. Diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed in only one of our patients. Three-hour glucose tolerance testing of the other two patients disclosed mildly increased one-hour blood glucose levels. We believe that reversible lens opacities may occur in subclinical diabetes mellitus with normal or only mildly increased blood glucose levels.
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PMID:Transient posterior subcapsular lens opacities in diabetes mellitus. 843 Jul 34

A case-control study was conducted to evaluate risk factors for cortical, nuclear, posterior subcapsular and mixed cataract. The 385 cases and 215 controls (age range 40-75 yrs) included in the study underwent a complete ophthalmological examination and laboratory blood tests, and were interviewed about behavioral variables, environmental exposure and their medical history. Lens opacity was classified using the 'Lens Opacity Classification System II' (LOCS II). On multivariate analysis, the risk factors for cortical cataract were the presence of diabetes for more than five years (OR = 3.7) and increased serum K+ and Na+ levels. A history of surgery under general anesthesia and the use of sedative drugs were associated with reduced risk (OR = 0.4). Posterior subcapsular cataract was associated with the use of steroids (OR = 18.2) and diabetes (OR = 8.1), and nuclear cataract with calcitonin (OR = 5.7) and milk intake (OR = 0.25). Mixed cataract was associated with a history of surgery under general anesthesia (OR = 0.5). Some of these results are consistent with the findings of similar studies performed in different geographical areas, others are not. The results suggest a possible role of electrolyte imbalance in the development of senile cataract.
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PMID:Risk factors for cortical, nuclear, posterior subcapsular and mixed cataract: a case-control study. 879 Jun 16

Data in the present paper demonstrate a significant inhibition in the progress of sugar cataract formation by systemic administration of pyruvate. The formation of the cataract was induced by feeding young rats a diet containing 30% galactose. All animals fed this diet developed nuclear lens opacity by the end of 30 days. This was delayed if the diet and water contained, in addition, 2% sodium pyruvate. The incidence of cataract in the latter group was 0% at day 30 and only 25% at day 55. Physiologically, the inhibition was associated with the prevention of lens membrane damage as reflected by its ability to maintain transport of rubidium ions against a concentration gradient; decreased tissue hydration as indexed by the lens wet weight; inhibition of protein glycation, and higher levels of ATP. Since pyruvate, being a normal tissue metabolite, is likely to be non-toxic, the findings are considered useful for further pharmacological studies with this and other similar metabolites, relevant to protection against various secondary complications of diabetes and galactosemia.
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PMID:Attenuation of galactose-induced cataract by pyruvate. 1023 Aug 4

Cataract is a frequent ocular complication in diabetic patients, but few data are available concerning early modifications occurring in the lens of these patients and their relationship with metabolic control and other clinical parameters. We measured lens opacity in 73 type I, insulin-dependent diabetic patients aging 50 years or less and without clinical evidence of cataract, and in 46 healthy volunteers of similar age. We used a quick, simple, and reliable instrument, the Lensmeter 701, which is based on a back-light scattering quantification system and is able to quantify lens transparency along the nuclear axis. Mean lens opacity was significantly (p = 0.0001) higher in diabetic patients than in the control group, and multiple regression analysis showed that it correlated with age (p = 0.0001) and HbA1c levels (p = 0.009). Moreover in the younger group of patients (age < or =20 years) the only observed correlation was that with Hba1c (p = 0.03), whereas in the older ones (age 21-30 and >30 years) lens opacity correlated with age (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01). These data indicate that early opacifications of the lens occur in type I, insulin-dependent diabetic patients and are influenced by the degree of the metabolic control in the younger ones, whereas the well-known role of aging on lens transparency became prevalent in the older patients. Only longitudinal studies, however, can demonstrate whether these alterations represent any early stage of cataractagenesis and the role of good metabolic control in preventing this ocular complication.
J Diabetes Complications
PMID:Age and metabolic control influence lens opacity in type I, insulin-dependent diabetic patients. 1050 76


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