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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plant fibers have important influences on gastrointestinal physiology and the absorption of many nutrients. Certain fibers delay the absorption of carbohydrates and result in less postprandial hyperglycemia. Because the intake of plant fibers lowers plasma glucose concentrations and decreases glycosuria, high-fiber foods may be useful in the management of diabetes mellitus. Consumption of selected fibers and fiber-rich foods lowers serum cholesterol values and may lower triglyceride concentrations. Plant fiber intake may lead to mineral depletion or vitamin deficiency, but this has not been observed in several long-term studies. Further work is required to delineate the therapeutic utility of plant fibers in the diet of persons with diabetes and to assess the undesirable effects of fiber intake. In our opinion, persons with diabetes who are eating very low-fiber diets would benefit from an increase in plant fiber intake from whole grains, legumes, and vegetables.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Fiber and diabetes. 51 Jan 32

Thirty patients with diabetes mellitus were compared in terms of carrier rate of four pathogens to a group of matched controls. The diabetics were found to have a significantly increased carrier rate (p less than 0.005). When the blood glucose level was used as an indicator of control an increased rate was found in those with the poorest control (p less than 0.0005). An increased carriage of Candida albicans might be attributed to hypovitaminosis A and its effect on mucous membranes and the skin. Ten percent of diabetics were carrying beta-hemolytic group A streptococci. In a future study these patients will be checked for persistence of these organisms as well as to see if the strains are of the nephritogenic type. A significantly increased carriage rate in diabetes of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus was found. These findings suggest an additional risk factor in the outpatient diabetic population.
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PMID:Pathogenic carrier rate in diabetes mellitus. 86 14

Factors which best predict mortality within five years have been examined in a random community sample of 852 people over 65. Apart from sex, multiple-regression analysis shows the best predictive factors to be higher age and the occurrence of proteinuria in both sexes. In men, low vitamin c intake and an unfavourable clinician's assessment of the subject's health were also significant predictors. In women, whether the subject was housebound, the diagnoses of stroke and of diabetes and a low serum pyridoxine were additional adverse factors. The findings regarding low vitamin C intake in men and low serum pyridoxine levels in women should be regarded with caution. The former appears unlikely to represent a true vitamin deficiency effect and whilst the latter might, the evidence is no more than suggestive and further confirmatory studies are required.
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PMID:Factors predicting mortality in the elderly in the community. 127 97

An hypothesis is proposed relating the possible role of vitamin deficiency as an etiologic factor contributing to periodontal disease in diabetes. The hypothesis is based upon the following: (1) transport of ascorbate across cell membranes may be impaired by glucose, but facilitated by insulin; (2) glucose utilization is significantly accelerated by sublethal concentrations of endotoxin; (3) endotoxin-induced histamine sensitivity of tissue is enhanced by ascorbic deficiency; and (4) ascorbic acid deficiency alters mucosal barrier function. The interrelationship of these factors is discussed.
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PMID:Diabetes and periodontal diseases. Possible role of vitamin c deficiency: an hypothesis. 616 18

High-fiber diets have a beneficial impact on glucose metabolism of selected persons with diabetes mellitus. A major concern is the long-term effects of fiber intake on mineral and vitamin status. We measured serum concentrations of selected minerals and vitamins and also assessed three fat-soluble vitamins in 15 patients fed high-fiber diets for an average of 21 mo. Average values for serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, iron-binding capacity, magnesium, and hemoglobin values were normal. Vitamin B12 and folic acid concentrations in serum were also normal. Indirect assessment suggested that these patients had adequate intakes of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and K. These preliminary observations suggest that high-fiber diets containing a wide variety of natural foods are well tolerated for up to 51 mo; we failed to detect evidence suggesting mineral or vitamin deficiency in these patients.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Mineral and vitamin status on high-fiber diets: long-term studies of diabetic patients. 625 Jul 73

The hypothesis that diabetes mellitus is a syndrome has been confirmed by recent physiopathological studies. In idiopathic diabetes differences in the genetic status and in the alternations of the beta cells allow to identify two completely different diseases: type 1 (or juvenile) diabetes and type II (or adult) diabetes. On the basis of the differences in the physiopathology of the different types of diabetes, the usefulness of vitamin supplementation for prophylaxis and therapy is discussed. The nutritional intake of thiamine is, for instance, recommended for patients suffering from the type II disease. Riboflavin deficiency has recently been observed in rat experimental diabetes as well as in human type II diabetes; the vitamin deficiency seems to be relevant in connection with functional alterations of pancreatic beta-cells. Other water-soluble vitamins are known to be involved in the pathogenesis and evolution of diabetes mellitus. Among the fat-soluble vitamins, retinol ought to be mentioned because of its importance in the mechanism of synthesis of pre-collagen and in view of the alterations in collagen and glycoprotein synthesis which accompany diabetes. Moreover, a diminished secretion of insulin has been described together with vitamins deficiences. The critical analysis of these data enables the diabetologist to define a reliable program for the prophylaxis and treatment of different kinds of diabetes.
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PMID:[Prophylactic and therapeutic use of vitamins in diabetes (author's transl)]. 724 93

The concept of "drug induced avitaminoses" originates from the observation that drugs may cause vitamin deficiencies. These avitaminoses belong to the "iatrogenic disvitaminoses" and can be subdivided into two groups since they may either represent unwanted side effects of a drug or may be utilized for therapeutical purpose. In the latter case they can be considered as "planned avitaminoses". All drugs are generally able to produce a deficiency of one or more vitamins and therefore have a "devitaminizing power". It would be desirable to quantify this property of drugs in terms of a "devitaminization index". Knowledge of this index, which should be acquired for new drugs during clinical research, is of primary importance since it allows to adapt the dosage and use of the drug to the vitaminic status of the patient and enables to foresee and prevent damages due to vitamin deficiency. Drug induced avitaminioses are produced more easily and are more severe if the devitaminizing power of the drug and its dosage are high, the therapy is long and the vitaminic status of the patient is optimal. Many subjects (old people, children, etc.) have an elevated risk of avitaminoses. Drug induced avitaminoses are produced by mechanisms acting both at the intestinal level (absorption, endogenous production, etc.) and at the tissue level (metabolism, utilization, etc.). Some of the mechanisms have not been completely clarified. These avitaminoses are numerous and frequent, but their prevention is relatively easy and always achievable. They constitute a new disease and cause an additional damage with respect to the primary illness. The social and economic aspects of this damage are evident considering that many pharmacological profilactic and therapeutic treatments of social illnesses, such as diabetes, tuberculosis, epilepsy, rheumatic diseases, etc. have a devitaminizing power. It is clear therefore that this pathology is particularly important in preventive medicine and that it must be known not only by practitioners and biologists but also outside the medical field.
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PMID:[Drug-induced avitaminoses and their prevention (author's transl)]. 724 94

In connection with two observations histologically proved on a metastasic territory of osteomalacia appeared during osteocondensing metastases of prostatic origin, the authors underline the responsibility of sudden increase of osteoformation in the hypocalcemia genesis and put the emphasis on the transitory aggravating function of the given high doses of estrogen within negative calcium balance. A D vitamin deficiency, frequent among old patients, could increase osseous manifestation of calcium supply insufficiency responsible of an authentic osteomalacia. This deficiency is not secondary to a phosphorus diabetes and is amended by an important calciu addition and by the administration of D vitamin metabolites as proved by repeated osseous biopsy with dynamic and histomorphometric studies.
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PMID:[Vitamin-sensitive osteomalacia in condensing bone metastases of prostatic origin. Apropos of 2 cases]. 725 62

The most common nutritional problems in nursing home residents are weight loss and concomitant protein energy undernutrition. Although the causes of weight loss in these patients can usually be treated, they are rarely identified in the nursing home. Depression and adverse drug effects are the most common causes of weight loss. We discuss the appropriate use of feeding tubes in the nursing home and the early use of enteral feeding to prevent the development of severe protein energy undernutrition. Vitamin deficiencies, especially folate and pyridoxine deficiencies, frequently develop in nursing home residents. Hip fractures are often associated with vitamin D deficiency. Trace mineral deficiencies (for example, zinc deficiency) can aggravate immune deficiency and slow wound healing. Inadequate fluid intake leads to dehydration, hypotension, and, in persons with diabetes mellitus, hyperosmolarity. Finally, food intake itself can cause postprandial hypotension (which in turn may precipitate falls), produce electrolyte shifts, and result in aspiration pneumonia. Physical activity programs are an important component of nursing home care that may have an effect on nutritional status, and simple, cost-effective programs may be as beneficial as high-technology programs. Careful attention to the nutritional intake of nursing home residents is both a clinical and a quality-of-life issue.
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PMID:Nutritional issues in nursing home care. 748 69

Of 138 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 29 were excluded. Remaining 109 patients and 182 healthy controls of similar age and sex and same population were studied in detail for demographic variables, clinical and biochemical data for comparison. Mean age, sex, body weight, body mass index and blood pressures were comparable in the two groups whereas blood lipids, blood glucose and cardiac enzymes were raised in AMI patients compared to controls. Mean levels of vitamin C, E, A and beta-carotene were significantly less in AMI patients than controls whereas the lipid peroxides were significantly higher in AMI patients. The reduction in vitamin C and beta-carotene was more marked than decrease in other vitamins. With in AMI patients, those 28 patients who had cardiac arrhythmias showed greater decrease in vitamins compared to rest of the patients. Within both groups, smokers and diabetes patients had greater reduction in vitamin C and beta-carotene than other patients and subjects without confounding factors. Smokers also had higher lipid peroxides level than non-smokers. The inverse relation between AMI and low plasma vitamin levels remained significant after exclusion of patients with smoking and diabetes. These findings suggest that vitamin deficiency may be a risk factor of AMI and these patients may benefit by administration of these antioxidant vitamins for primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress in patients with acute myocardial infarction. 783 63


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