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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Behavior, pancreatic islets morphology and plasma glucose levels of male mice exposed for 2, 4, 24 and 48 hours to crowding stress were investigated. The crowding induced an intense turmoil state associated with enhanced irritability and aggressiveness among the specimens of all experimental groups. Violent fights occurred especially in the first 4--6 hours, generally with the death of 1--2 individuals from each group. The changes recorded in the pancreatic islets affected first (2 hours) exclusively the insulin-producing cells, and in subsequent intervals they progressively expanded over all cell types. The changes occurred during the experiment in all islet cell types; however the B-cells showed by far the most pronounced alterations irrespective of the studied time interval. Most changes suggested the stimulation of the entire gland secretory activity, but particularly of B-cells, which was also proved by low glycemia values recorded at 3 of the 4 crowding time intervals. On the other hand, some alterations, occurring first at 24 hours, were regarded as signs of a moderate B-cells secretory hypoactivity; they may partly support the slight hyperglycemia obtained at this time interval. The significance of the above short-term observations in the induction of glycoregulation disturbances, diabetes included, as well as the presumably mediation role of adrenal-cortex and -medulla hormones under stress conditions are discussed and correlated with findings reported in literature.
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PMID:The effects of short-term exposure to crowding stress on the pancreatic islets morphology and glycemia in mice. 38 92

Although survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most serious outcome information, the quality of life in living patients is largely determined by the freedom from ischemic events. The return of angina, acute myocardial infarct and sudden death were studied in a large (n = 5880) population of patients undergoing CABG between 1971 and 1987. The freedom from angina pectoris was 95%, 83% and 63% at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively, after surgery. Early return of angina was related to both procedure incremental risk factors (incomplete revascularization and non-use of the internal mammary (thoracic) artery (IMA) as a conduit) and patient incremental risk factors (aggressiveness of the atherosclerotic process and severity of preCABG symptoms). Late angina return was related to patient risk factors including coexisting factors (hyperlipidemia and hypertension), preCABG symptom severity and gender (female). The freedom from an acute fatal or non-fatal postCABG myocardial infarct was 99%, 96% and 85% at 1, 5 and 10 years after surgery. The incremental risk factors for early infarction were related to incomplete revascularization, but late infarction was related to lipid levels, coexisting diseases (diabetes, positive family history) and non-use of IMA to LAD. The freedom from sudden death was 99.8%, 99% and 97% at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively, after surgery. The incremental risk factors were dominated by the severity of the left ventricular dysfunction. The freedom from any ischemic event (any of the previous three) was 93%, 79% and 54% at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively, after surgery. The incremental risk factors included all those cited above for the specific components. Patient-specific predictions validate the influences of these risk factors. They demonstrate that unlike the profound influence of the use of the IMA on survival, there is little benefit of the use of the IMA on return of ischemic events over and above the effect of revascularization per se. The study demonstrates that most patients will experience return of ischemic symptoms within a period of 15-20 years after surgery, but that this is most likely to be return of angina and rarely sudden death.
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PMID:The return of clinically evident ischemia after coronary artery bypass grafting. 168 34

Studies on diabetes mellitus in tropical zones indicate that its traditional link with overnutrition depends not only on the economic level, but also on some ethnic, social and cultural factors. At present, we insist on the unexpected relationship between diabetes mellitus and undernutrition either in some major infantile forms (described in India and Nigeria) with calcareous pancreatitis, or some less severe forms observed in Africa. This tropical diabetes mellitus occurs in some patients with normal weight or inferior to normal; it is not very ketogenic, responding to glucagon stimulation, and seems more frequent in the chronic malnutrition areas. So, it is tempting to utilize diabetes mellitus as an indicator of nutritional disorder or of dietary toxic factors. However, we ought to consider it within a multifactor surroundings associating genetic determinism and the other factors of tropical aggressiveness.
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PMID:[Tropical diabetes mellitus, a new nutritional indicator?]. 392 7

Self monitoring of diabetes requires technical knowledge and suitable diabetes oriented behaviour; the latter arises from the patient's psycho-affective functioning, maturity and self sufficiency. A group of 9 insulin dependent ambulatory, adult, diabetics met 15 times over 5 months. The somatic and psycho-affective aspects of the disease were approached by an original methodology. Group animation was focussed on the participants themselves. Dynamic mobilisation of the persons was sought by listening to their explicit and implicit requests, by acting out (case studies and role-playing), by restatement and questioning. Diabetes oriented and psycho-affective behaviours were assessed on the basis of questionnaires and statements. At the end of the study, the psycho-affective attitude of the participants towards their illness was modified. The aggressiveness, mockery and rejection of diabetes and diabetics, initially noted, were progressively replaced by self-awareness and acceptance. As a result, better adjustment of technical behaviour responses was noted. Without precluding any psychodynamic explanation (reunification of the person), this study suggests that the participant's reactions towards their own image can be improved with consequential educational benefit.
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PMID:[A broad educational approach to insulin-dependent diabetics]. 397 47

Light-chain glomerulopathy occurred in a middle-aged woman with adult-onset diabetes mellitus and IgG-kappa light-chain multiple myeloma. Unusual features of the glomerulopathy included the presence of numerous epithelial crescents and rapid progression to chronic renal failure. The aggressiveness of her disease may be related to her underlying diabetes mellitus and associated abnormalities in glomerular clearance of macromolecules, including immunoglobulin light chains.
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PMID:Crescentic light-chain glomerulopathy. Report of a case. 640 21

The presence of gas in the bladder wall and/or lumen (emphysematous cystitis) is an uncommon disease entity that may be caused by infectious organisms. Diabetes and chronic urinary infection are predisposing factors. Its clinical features are unspecific and the prognosis depends on the degree of aggressiveness at presentation. Early diagnosis and treatment (bladder drainage + antibiotics) are very important in order to resolve the condition before severe sequelae are caused. We report on 75-year-old diabetic female with mild emphysematous cystitis caused by Clostridium perfringens which resolved with bladder drainage and antibiotics. The incidence, forms of presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this condition are discussed.
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PMID:[Emphysematous cystitis]. 802 40

The treatment of mild hypertension by the primary-care physician requires an understanding of its natural history and reflects a balance between patient observation and institution of drug therapy. The diagnosis of mild hypertension in the office is subject to pitfalls such as "white-coat" hypertension and pseudohypertension. For patients presenting with a diastolic blood pressure inconsistent with the presence of end-organ damage, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring may be of value. After a diagnosis of mild hypertension is established, institution of drug therapy is not an immediate issue in low-risk patients lacking end-organ damage. Mild hypertension tends to regress over time; therefore, nonpharmacologic measures of blood pressure reduction should be used first. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular mass is a noninvasive method to assess the severity of established cases and can guide decisions regarding aggressiveness of drug therapy. Because patients with mild hypertension make up a heterogeneous population, treatment goals need to be individualized. For patients with ischemic heart disease, reductions in the diastolic blood pressure below 85 mm Hg may produce adverse consequences. In persons suffering from diabetes, congestive heart failure, renal insufficiency, or showing increased left ventricular mass, the absolute reduction in blood pressure is guided by the clinical response of the coexisting disease. Finally, in patients with prior cerebrovascular disease, blood pressure should be lowered to the lowest tolerable level to achieve the maximum improvement in stroke reduction.
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PMID:Treatment of mild hypertension. Decision before drugs. 811 95

To investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-4 in the regulation of autoimmune diabetes, we crossed the IL-4 knock-out mutation onto the NOD genetic background. This experiment was accelerated by typing for microsatellites linked to known diabetes susceptibility (Idd) loci, and included a control backcross of the wild-type 129/SvJ-derived IL-4 gene, the original target locus. We also crossed the mutation into the BDC2.5 transgenic line, a diabetes model that carries the rearranged T-cell receptor genes from a diabetogenic T-cell clone. The IL-4-null mutation did not accelerate or intensify insulitis in regular NOD mice or in the BDC2.5 transgenic model; it also had no effect on the timing or frequency of the transition to overt diabetes. These data indicate that IL-4 plays no required role in controlling the aggressiveness of murine diabetes.
Diabetes 1998 Aug
PMID:Interleukin-4 deficiency does not exacerbate disease in NOD mice. 970 18

Agitation and aggressiveness are frequent in the elderly and often related to dementia. As a result of the ageing of the general population this is becoming a major public health concern. No or little epidemiological data, during primary health care, about symptoms, co-morbidity, nor medical and social consequences of elderlys' disruptive behavior have been gathered or published in the French literature. Thus, in order to describe these disorders, a survey in cooperation with general practitioners (GP) was conducted. A representative sample of 212 French GP's, all with preferential geriatric activity were asked to conduct a study by including retrospectively their two most recent patients older than 65, who had exhibited agitation and/or aggressiveness. From this cross sectional study, 410 patients (female: 61%, male: 39%) were included. The mean age was 81 years (sd: 7.65). The patients suffered from change in verbal behavior (80%), verbal aggressiveness (71%), physical agitation (60%), wandering (48%), and/or physical aggressiveness (31%). The average of disruptive behavior symptoms per patient was 2.9. The symptoms appeared progressively in 81% of patients, the mean duration was two years and it was the first episode in 40% of patients. Disruptive behaviors may be explained in view of organic illness in 62% of patients (cardiovascular disease: 37%, neurologic: 12%, diabetes: 7%, dehydratation: 5%), dementia (Alzheimer disease: 20%, vascular dementia: 18%, mixed dementia: 14%). In 54% of patients disruptive behavior may be explained in view of depression: 34%, and anxiety disorder: 31%. A triggering factor was observed in 57% of cases (psychosocial stress: 39%). Somatic consequences of the symptoms were frequently identified: decrease of alimentary intake: 39%, weight loss: 27%, dehydratation: 11%, falls: 32%, and irregular medication intake: 31%. Limitation of daily life activities: 85%, and family life: 97% were also noted. Acceptability of patient's symptoms by the family was good (no discomfort or transitory and mild irritability) in 61% of cases, and very bad (reactions of exhaustion, hospitalization requirement) in 13%. This study carried out during primary care, showed that the elderly's disruptive behaviors cause severe medical consequences and familial and social distress.
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PMID:[Causes and consequences of elderly's agitated and aggressive behavior]. 1087 60

Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. Although the disease shows a strong association with HLA class II alleles, other genes may influence the initiation or the rate of progression of the autoimmune process. The recruitment of mononuclear cells within the islets of Langerhans is a critical step in the pathogenesis of the disease. Because chemokines are cytokines that promote migration of mononuclear cells, we hypothesized that polymorphisms in chemokine receptor or chemokine genes, CCR5 and SDF1, may be involved in susceptibility to or clinical expression of type 1 diabetes. The frequencies of the CCR5-delta32 and SDF1-3'A (801G-->A in the 3' untranslated region) variants were similar in 208 unrelated Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes and in 120 Caucasian control subjects. They were not modified after stratification for the predisposing HLA-DR3 and -DR4 haplotypes. However, the SDF1-3'A variant was strongly associated with early onset (< 15 years) of the disease (odds ratio 2.6, P = 0.0019). On average, the presence of the SDF1-3'A allele was associated with a 5-year reduction in the age at onset of diabetes (P = 0.0067). Our results suggest that stromal cell-derived factor-1 may be implicated in the aggressiveness of the autoimmune process leading to type 1 diabetes. These preliminary data require replication in other populations.
Diabetes 2001 May
PMID:A common stromal cell-derived factor-1 chemokine gene variant is associated with the early onset of type 1 diabetes. 1133 29


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