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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The possible relationship between genetically determined haptoglobin phenotype and insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM), circulating insulin antibodies and the occurrence of microangiopathy was studied in 144 IDDM. There were no differences regarding the distribution of Hp-phenotypes in 144 patients in comparison with a control population (n = 1726). Irrespective of the Hp-phenotype, the degree and severity of diabetic complications (retinopathy and/or nephropathy) significantly increased with the duration of diabetes. There was no relationship between Hp-phenotype and diabetic microangiopathy (retinopathy, nephropathy). No association existed between Hp-phenotype and the percentage of insulin antibody binding. Regardless of the Hp-phenotype, the insulin antibody concentration decreased with increasing duration of diabetes. Insulin binding parameters (maximum binding capacity and equilibrium dissociation constant) were found to vary considerably with the Hp-phenotypes among IDDM. For a given duration of diabetes the equilibrium dissociation constant increased significantly in the range from Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1 to Hp 2-2 phenotype. There was a direct relationship between the logarithm of the equilibrium dissociation constant and the degree of metabolic control, i.e. the lower the dissociation constant the better the metabolic balance. In conclusion, the results do not provide support for a putative relationship between Hp-phenotype and IDDM. However, differences between insulin binding parameters, in dependence on the Hp-phenotype may be of clinical importance.
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PMID:Is there a relationship between genetically determined haptoglobin phenotype and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)? 653 22

To examine the relationship between non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we studied beta-cell function, HLA type, and serologic markers of IDDM and NIDDM in the parents of IDDM patients. Fifty-two parents of 33 IDDM patients were examined in terms of islet-cell antibody (ICA) status, haptoglobin phenotype, HLA type, and insulin responses during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Twenty-seven parents were prospectively evaluated for up to 113 months. They were divided into the following three groups based on pattern of ICA positivity during the follow-up period: group 1, persistently positive ICA (n = 4); group 2, fluctuating ICA (n = 7); and group 3, persistently negative ICA (n = 16). Twenty-three percent (12 of 52) of the parents of IDDM patients had NIDDM, and 12% (six of 52) of the matched controls did. The prevalence of ICA in the parents (11 of 52, 21%) was greater than in normal controls (one of 112, P < .01). Diabetic parents tended to show a higher prevalence of ICA (six of 12, 50%) than nondiabetic parents (six of 40, 15%; P = .06). ICA-positive parents showed higher glucose levels and lower insulin responses than ICA-negative parents. Three of four parents in group 1 slowly progressed to an insulin-dependent state during 25 +/- 3 months of follow-up evaluation. Parents in group 2 and group 3 did not show any changes in glucose levels or insulin responses during the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relationship between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: beta-cell function, islet cell antibody, and haptoglobin in parents of IDDM patients. 761 45

To determine whether alteration in serum antioxidant status is related to the increased oxidative stress as a cause of diabetic angiopathy, we measured both the antioxidant activity (AOA) and total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and their component individual antioxidants in serum of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The AOA was measured as the ability to inhibit lipid autoxidation in brain homogenates. TRAP was assayed as the ability to delay lipid peroxidation induced by an azo initiator. Antioxidants measured were ceruloplasmin, transferrin, and albumin as components of AOA; and ascorbic acid, uric acid, protein sulfhydryl, and alpha-tocopherol as components of TRAP. Serum AOA appeared to be decreased in the diabetics in relation to poor glycemic control, corresponding to the decrease in transferrin and albumin. Serum haptoglobin level was also decreased in the diabetics. Similarly, the directly measured TRAP value was decreased in the diabetic serum mainly due to the decreased contribution of unidentified chain-breaking antioxidants, despite the increase in ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. The decrease in both types of antioxidant activity in the diabetic serum, as new findings, suggests that a defective serum antioxidant status contributes to the increased oxidative stress in IDDM.
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PMID:Antioxidants in the serum of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 813 85

While depressed circulating zinc levels constitute a well-characterized part of the acute phase response, relatively little attention has been paid to the changes in urinary zinc excretion, although urine zinc output has been reported to be elevated in various disorders, mainly those known to be accompanied by inflammatory phenomena. In order to assess the significance of urinary zinc loss and its relationship with the acute phase response, zinc concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry together with creatinine in urine samples of patients with different disorders. Plasma zinc, C-reactive protein, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, prealbumin, transferrin, and iron have also been determined in some patients. In accordance with the results of previous studies, we report an increase in urinary zinc, notably in solid tumors, hematologic malignancies, autoimmune rheumatic disorders, bacterial infections, diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. We also found a significant positive correlation between urinary zinc and acute phase proteins alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (rs = 0.4649, P < 0.005), haptoglobin (rs = 0.4688, P < 0.005) and C-reactive protein (rs = 0.3636, P < 0.025), as well as a negative correlation with plasma zinc (rs = 0.3640, P < 0.025). As the role of lipid peroxidation in renal tubular cell injury has been proposed, the increased urinary levels of zinc, which has antioxidant properties, may be an important protecting mechanism, representing a part of the acute phase response in the kidney.
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PMID:Urinary zinc excretion in patients with different disorders: the acute phase response in the kidney. 859 75

Fatal diabetic metabolic derangement is difficult to diagnose postmortem because of the paucity of characteristic morphologic findings. Hyperglycemia is an indicator of diabetic derangement. Conventional biochemical parameters for postmortem diagnosis of antemortem hyperglycemic states are not sufficiently resistant to antemortem and postmortem non-diabetic influences or are suited only for long and medium-term assessment of diabetes control. In the search for other, more reliable, indices of immediately antemortem blood glucose levels, we investigated the value of glycosylation levels of serum proteins with very brief biologic half-lives: a) In vitro studies were performed on the glycosylation course of the short-lived serum proteins alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) and haptoglobin (HP). b) Glycosylation levels were measured after purification of alpha 1-AT and HP from sera of living and deceased non-diabetics and diabetics. c) The resistance of alpha 1-AT and HP glycosylation levels to autolysis was investigated. Our studies revealed the following: 1) alpha 1-AT and HP glycosylate considerably more rapidly than either albumin or hemoglobin. This rapid glycosylation, combined with the rapid turnover of both proteins; facilitates detection of short-term changes in glycemia. 2) alpha 1-AT and HP glycosylation levels are autolysis-stable and can be assessed even after advanced hemolysis. 3) alpha 1-AT and HP glycosylation levels appear to allow reliable ante- and postmortem discrimination between normoglycemic and hyperglycemic metabolic states. As a tool in the postmortem diagnosis of antemortem hyperglycemic states, alpha 1-AT and HP glycosylation levels combine the advantages of a short-term parameter with resistance to non-diabetic influences.
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PMID:Postmortem diagnosis of diabetic metabolic derangement: elevated alpha 1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin glycosylation levels as an index of antemortem hyperglycemia. 893 3

The age dynamics of haptoglobin (Hp) type and allele distribution was studied in 985 workers aged 35-79 years who worked in the atomic industry. These workers were exposed to chronic radiation in a wide range of doses 17-40 years ago. Along with the chi 2 test, the relative and attributive risks of elimination of Hp types and alleles were determined to obtain the qualitative characteristics of age alterations. The substantial changes in distribution of Hp types and alleles were revealed in individuals older than 60 years. These changes depended on doses of external and internal irradiation. For instance, in individuals of this age group, who received the total dose of gamma-radiation (less than 100 cGy) and or that of plutonium-239 incorporation (less than 1.48 kBq), a decrease in Hp 2-2 and Hp2 and an increase in Hp 1-1 and Hp1 was observed. However, among the individuals of similar age (older than 62 years), who received a higher total dose of external and/or internal radiation, the different Hp type distribution showed a decrease in Hp 2-1 and an increase in Hp 1-1. In the latter case, the changes with age were dose-dependent. In individuals over 60 years of age with essential hypertension or diabetes mellitus and those who had a myocardial infarction, a decrease in Hp 2-2 and Hp2 and an increase in Hp 1-1 and Hp1 were found. This explains the changes with age in individuals irradiated at lower doses. The peculiar changes with age in individuals irradiated at higher doses are possibly due to the difference in morbidity and mortality from malignancy in various Hp type carriers.
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PMID:[Age-related dynamics of the genetic marker distribution in an irradiated population. Haptoglobin genetic system]. 944 4

Proton MR spectra and biochemical assays have been recorded on the sera of 40 patients and ten controls in order to document the correlation between spectroscopic and biochemical variations in selected pathologies (cancer, inflammatory and infectious diseases, diabetes). N-acetyl proton resonances are essentially generated by the N-acetyl residues of the glucidic moieties borne by the most abundant acute-phase proteins (alpha1-acid glycoprotein, alpha1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin). These resonances are not correlated to immunoglobulins A, G and M levels. Principal component analysis shows that variations in spectroscopic and biochemical data are independent markers of the inflammatory status of patients but no additional sensitivity or specificity is obtained when the two sets of data are combined.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of serum and acute-phase proteins revisited: a multiparametric statistical analysis of metabolite variations in inflammatory, infectious and miscellaneous diseases. 1006 20

This study assessed glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and lipid parameters in HIV-infected patients presenting with lipodystrophy during HAART including protease inhibitors. Fourteen consecutive patients from Rothschild Hospital treated with HAART and presenting with marked facial lipoatrophy were evaluated. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with measurement of plasma glucose, insulin, proinsulin and free fatty acids at T0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min was performed. Lipid parameters (triglycerides, cholesterol, apolipoproteins A1 and B) were studied as well as nutritional and inflammatory markers (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, haptoglobin, orosomucoid, C-reactive protein), endocrine and cytokine parameters (thyrotropin, cortisol, leptin, interleukin-6), HIV viral load and CD4-lymphocyte count. These patients were compared with 20 non-lipodystrophic protease inhibitor-treated patients. The measurements performed during OGTT showed that among the 14 lipodystrophic patients, 11 (79%) presented with diabetes (5 patients) or normal glucose tolerance but with insulin resistance (6 patients). This frequency was strikingly different in the group of nonlipodystrophic patients, which included only 4 (20%) presenting with diabetes (1 patient), or impaired glucose tolerance (2 patients), or normal glucose tolerance but with insulin resistance (1 patient). Hypertriglyceridaemia was present in 11 lipodystrophic (79%) versus 7 nonlipodystrophic patients (35%). Nutritional and endocrine measurements were normal. An abnormal processing of proinsulin to insulin was excluded. Thus, lipodystrophy during HAART was associated with diabetes, insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridaemia. Diabetes, diagnosed by basal and/or 120 min-OGTT glycaemia, seems more frequent than previously described. The therapeutic consequences of these results deserve evaluation in clinical trials.
Diabetes Metab 1999 Sep
PMID:Diabetes, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in lipodystrophic HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). 1049 91

For diagnosis, detection of the specific manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) concurrent with diabetes mellitus, 48 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) and 132 with noninsulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD), who carry various haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes were studied. It has been found that PT develops in IDD mainly in 5-10 years and in NIDD in 1-4 years. The gravest course of both types of diabetes is frequently encountered in those having Hp 2-2 phenotypes and slightly less frequently in those with Hp 1-1. The patients having these phenotypes have abnormalities in the levels of glycaric hemoglobin, 2.3-diphosphoglycerol phosphate, in the activity of the enzymes lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and acid-alkali imbalance. It is expedient to determine Hp phenotypes to evaluate the severity and prognosis and to choose a treatment policy for comorbidity and the proposed biochemical indices should be more widely used to evaluate carbohydrate metabolic disturbances in PT concurrent with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis concurrent with diabetes mellitus and various haptoglobin phenotypes]. 1083 5

Quantitative and qualitative changes of serum proteins, apart from glycation, have not been sufficiently studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (D), the most common experimental model for diabetes. Thus, we decided to analyze the serum of diabetic rats by concanavalin A-blotting in comparison with rats with acute inflammation induced by fermented yeast (Y), in which characteristic alterations of serum proteins have been described. Two months after the streptozotocin treatment, the blood glucose levels were highly elevated (456+/-24 vs. 124+/-10 mg/dl, p<0.001, n=12), the body weight was significantly lower than normal (279+/-10 vs. 392+/-6 g, p<0.001, n=12), and serum proteins appeared to be highly glycated (p<0.001) when analyzed by the fructosamine assay, without any significant change in the total serum protein concentration. Analysis by concanavalin A-blotting, revealed a significant decrease of alpha1-inhibitor-3 (alpha1-I3, p<0.05) and an increase of the beta chain of haptoglobin (beta-Hp, p<0.05) in both D and Y rats (n=3) compared with control animals. However, acute inflammation caused a marked rise of two prominent acute phase proteins, alpha2-macroglobulin and hemopexin, which did not change appreciably in diabetic rats. Further work will be necessary to evaluate the physiopathological significance of these phenomena which could result from changes of both concentration and glycosylation of the aforementioned proteins.
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PMID:Changes of acute-phase proteins in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 1107 99


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