Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 41-year-old man presented in stupor, with ketoacidosis and acute severe respiratory failure. He had a history of alcohol abuse and had been on insulin therapy for diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis for 11 years. the condition was rapidly progressive and the patient died within 5 hours of presentation of profound hypoxia and hypotension despite aggressive therapy. Autopsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis of 'shock lung'. None of the more commonly associated precipitating factors of adult respiratory distress syndrome could be detected clinically or at autopsy and the pathogenesis of the condition remains elusive.
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PMID:The adult respiratory distress syndrome in association with diabetic keto-acidosis. A case report. 310 98

One hundred and seven patients aged greater than or equal to 60 years with cardiac surgery were reviewed. These patients underwent open heart surgery at University Hospital of Tokyo and JR Tokyo General Hospital during 1981 to 1987. Prevalence of the elderly with 60 years or older in all patients with cardiac surgery increased 4.1% to 20% during these seven years. Surgery for ischemic heart disease has become more common. There were less number of cases with valvular heart disease referred for surgery, but, not a few cases with calcified aortic valve or floppy mitral valve had valve replacement. Operative results were as follows: Hospital death was 6/107 patients (5.6%) and three patients died after discharge. This group of old patients was occasionally associated (14/107, 13%) with a variety of diseases including bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus, and other atherosclerotic lesion or liver dysfunction. Valvular heart disease was not rarely complicated with ischemic heart disease. Postoperative complications were mainly due to renal failure, respiratory failure or low output syndrome, possibly related to associated disease. Intra-aortic balloon pumping was performed in seven of 107 patients, four of whom eventually died. In conclusion, there is a relatively high risk in cardiac surgery in old aged patients with associated diseases. We have to manage carefully old patients to avoid major postoperative complications including cardiac, respiratory and renal events. Much more old patients will have open heart surgery in the future.
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PMID:[Cardiac surgery in the aged]. 327 13

Normal osmoregulation is maintained by the proper function and interplay of factors influencing thirst, renal water metabolism, and vasopressin secretion. In pathophysiologic states, body water homeostasis is disrupted and hyponatremia ensures. Hyponatremia associated with cardiac failure, hepatic failure, respiratory failure, diabetes mellitus, the postoperative state, and other disorders is commonly found in the critical care setting. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hyponatremia are discussed.
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PMID:Disordered water metabolism: hyponatremia. 333 23

To evaluate the role of a circulating inhibitor of extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 (IEC) in the causation of low T3 states in patients with various nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI), we measured the in vitro T3 production in the presence of ether extract of plasma. Blood samples were obtained from 22 normal subjects and 140 patients with various NTI; liver cirrhosis (LC) 37, diabetes mellitus (DM) 48, respiratory failure (RF) 15, chronic renal failure (CRF) 10 and others 30. The assay procedure of in vitro T3 production was as follows. Rat liver homogenate was incubated with 2.5 microM T4 in the presence of evaporated ether extract of plasma and the amount of T3 produced was quantified by RIA. In each assay, control plasma extracts taken from the two normal subjects were used. The results were expressed as a percentage of the control value (%T3 production), and estimated as positive IEC when %T3 production was under 72.7%, that was 2SD below the mean value of normal controls. Patients were divided into three groups; Group I (T3 greater than or equal to 80 ng/dl), Group II (80 greater than T3 greater than or equal to 50) and Group III (50 greater than T3). The %T3 productions were 88.5 +/- 22.0 in Group I, 84.9 +/- 31.5 in Group II and 78.9 +/- 34.0 in Group III respectively. The %T3 productions of each group were significantly lower than that of normal control, 101.9 +/- 14.6. IEC was positive 23.4% in Group I, 41.9% in Group II and 43.8% in Group III. There were eight nonsurvivors, and they all belonged to Group III, in which both serum T3 and T4 were subnormal. In nonsurvivors, serum concentrations of T3 (20 +/- 11 ng/dl) and TSH (1.2 +/- 1.1 microU/ml) were significantly lower than that of survivors in Group III (T3; 38 +/- 10 ng/dl p less than 0.005, TSH; 2.8 +/- 1.4 microU/ml p less than 0.05). The %T3 productions were 83.8 +/- 32.1 in survivors and 64.8 +/- 37.9 in nonsurvivors, and the incidences of positive IEC were 37.5% in survivors and 62.5% in nonsurvivors. From the standpoint of the underlying illnesses, serum concentrations of T3 (mean +/- SD ng/dl) were 49 +/- 21 in LC, 64 +/- 11 in DM, 40 +/- 22 in RF and 63 +/- 15 in CRF, and %T3 productions were 60.6 +/- 26.5 in LC, 82.5 +/- 25.8 in DM, 109.6 +/- 32.1 in RF and 97.6 +/- 24.3 in CRF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[An inhibitor of extrathyroidal conversion of thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (IEC) in plasma of patients with various nonthyroidal illnesses]. 339 31

During a six-year period (August, 1978-May, 1985), 1,089 patients underwent isolated, primary, elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) at St. Margaret's Hospital, Montgomery, Alabama. The group consisted of 833 (76.5%) men and 256 (23.5%) women. The women were older (mean age, 59.7 years vs. 55.4 years for men) (p = .0001), had more severe preoperative angina pectoris (mean New York Heart Association functional class 3.3 vs. 3.1) (p = .008), and had higher incidences of adult-onset diabetes mellitus (24% vs. 13.5%) (p = .0001) and preoperative congestive heart failure (8.2% vs. 3.7%) (p = .003). The overall mortality was 1.9% (21/1,089 patients); there were 10 deaths among the men (1.2%) and 11 deaths among the women (4.3%) (p = .001). Univariate and multivariate analysis of preoperative variables indicated that the female gender factor (p = .002), age of 70 years or older at operation (p less than .001), preoperative left ventricular dysfunction (p = .026), preoperative congestive heart failure (p less than .001), renal insufficiency (p = .036), peripheral occlusive disease (p = .002), extracranial occlusive disease (p = .001), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p = 0.17) all had significant influences on hospital mortality. Perioperative myocardial infarction (p = .017), low cardiac output (p less than .001), and respiratory failure (p less than .001) significantly influenced outcome as well. Long-term (five-year) overall survival (90%) indicates a significantly superior overall survival among men (p = .0008). Event-free survival (absence of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or recurrent angina pectoris) was significantly superior among the men (p = .03) as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Reduced efficacy of coronary artery bypass grafting in women. 349 93

It has been established that the pyrogallol autoxidation method for the estimation of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1) is superior in precision and sensitivity to a superoxide-generating method (NADH/phenazine methosulfate linked to nitroblue tetrazolium reduction). Reference intervals were established in an urban population in the Far East for SOD activity in erythrocytes using the pyrogallol method, and for glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (EC 1.11.1.9) activity in erythrocytes using a standard glutathione reductase-linked method. On this basis, erythrocyte SOD activities were significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed in cases of visceral cancer, acute myocardial infarct, congestive heart failure, respiratory failure, chronic renal failure, and diabetes mellitus, but within the reference interval in cases of lung cancer and asthma. Erythrocyte GSH-Px activity was significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed in cases of diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure but elevated in respiratory failure and asthma. GSH-Px and SOD activities were well correlated in patients but not in the reference population.
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PMID:Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in erythrocytes as indices of oxygen loading in disease: a survey of one hundred cases. 366

Twenty-six patients, mean age 20.5 years (range 11-33 years) at last assessment or death, attended an adult cystic fibrosis clinic between 1975 and 1983. Twenty-one presented in infancy, and 5 later (3-17 years). Most morbidity was due to recurrent respiratory infection and 5 of the 7 deaths were from respiratory failure. Cor pulmonale occurred in 4 patients, pneumothorax in 3 and severe haemoptysis necessitating lobectomy in 2. Declining spirometric values and persistent isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from sputum samples were associated with a poor prognosis. Minor gastrointestinal symptoms were common (19 patients). Four patients developed intestinal obstruction. Six patients had abnormal liver function tests and one patient died from hepatic cirrhosis. Diabetes was diagnosed in 3 patients and 9 patients experienced joint pains. The prognosis and quality of life for patients with cystic fibrosis appear to be improving, and all but 2 of the patients attending the clinic are at school, university or are employed.
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PMID:Cystic fibrosis--a review of 26 adolescent and adult patients. 393 89

The authors make a retrospective analysis of 95 cases of acute pancreatitis hospitalized between 1975 and 1979. In 3,8% of all the cases the acute pancreatitis was associated with hyperlipoproteinemia. The study of the 4 patients involved revealed the primary origin of hyperlipoproteinemia as a result of alimentary abuse in 3 of the cases. In a fourth case the increased serum lipoproteins were due to prolonged use of contraceptives. From the clinical viewpoint, pancreatitis associated with hyperlipoproteinemia was more severe, with signs of shock and collapse, respiratory failure, high serum nitrogen an hyperglycemia. The blood and the serum had a lactescent aspect, with a thick layer of chylomicrons. The serum and blood values for lipids were higher than 4000 mg%. The increase in the amount of lipids was especially due to high triglycerides values. From the anatomopathologic viewpoint the 4 patients presented as acute cases of cholecysto-pancreatitis with major and extensive haemorrhagic necrosis which involved almost the entire pancreas. The evolution of the four patients was difficult. Two of the patients recovered after a long hospitalization, and had definitive sequels - insulin-dependent diabetes. The other two patients died following septic complications (bronchopneumonia and visceral gangrene), and hypovolemia due to upper digestive haemorrhage.
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PMID:[Hyperlipoproteinemia, a factor of severity in acute pancreatitis]. 646 Feb 73

We studied 10 obese volunteers, mean age 36.5 +/- 10.3 years, who weighed 123.56 +/- 28.7 g and were 69.96 +/- 22.5 kg overweight. The subjects did not have diabetes, arterial hypertension or signs of cardiac and respiratory failure or disease and all underwent right- and left-heart catheterization. cardiac output and stroke volume were high, according to increased oxygen consumption and to the degree of obesity. Ventricular end-diastolic and atrial pressures ranged from normal to high and correlated with body weight, signs of volume overloading and reduced left ventricular (LV) compliance. The mean pulmonary artery pressure was elevated and correlated well with weight, pulmonary resistance being normal; mean aortic pressure did not correlate with weight, and systemic arterial resistance tended to have a negative correlation. The LV function curve showed impaired ventricular function, particularly for the heaviest subjects, in whom Vmax and the ratio of the stroke work index to LV end-diastolic pressure were reduced. These indexes correlated well with each other and both correlated negatively with the degree of obesity. In contrast, maximal dP/dt was normal and did not correlate with excess weight. These observations show that depressed LV function is already present in relatively young obese people, even if they are free from signs of cardiopathy and other associate diseases. The degree of impairment of heart function seems to parallel the degree of obesity.
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PMID:Obesity and cardiac function. 726 Dec 80

Wolfram syndrome is the association of diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy, and is sometimes called DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness). Incomplete characterisation of this autosomal recessive syndrome has relied on case-reports, and there is confusion with mitochondrial genome disorders. We therefore undertook a UK nationwide cross-sectional case-finding study to describe the natural history, complications, prevalence, and inheritance of the syndrome. We identified 45 patients with Wolfram syndrome--a prevalence of one per 770,000. Non-autoimmune, insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus presented at a median age of 6 years, followed by optic atrophy (11 years). Cranial diabetes insipidus occurred in 33 patients (73%) with sensorineural deafness (28, 62%) in the second decade; renal-tract abnormalities (26, 58%) presented in the third decade followed by neurological complications (cerebellar ataxia, myoclonus [28, 62%]) in the fourth decade. Other abnormalities included gastrointestinal dysmotility in 11 (24%), and primary gonadal atrophy in seven of ten males investigated. Median age at death (commonly central respiratory failure with brain-stem atrophy) was 30 years (range 25-49). The natural history of Wolfram syndrome suggests that most patients will eventually develop most complications of this progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. Family studies indicate autosomal recessive inheritance with a carrier frequency of one in 354, an absence of a maternal history of diabetes or deafness, and an absence of the mitochondrial tRNA Leu (3243) mutation. Juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy are the best available diagnostic criteria for Wolfram syndrome, the differential diagnosis of which includes other causes of neurodegeneration.
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PMID:Neurodegeneration and diabetes: UK nationwide study of Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndrome. 749 Sep 92


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