Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diabetic gastroenteropathy involves not only the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic nerves, but also enteric neurons, smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). ICC are the cells of mesenchymal origin that occur within and around the muscle layers in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of the present study was to investigate the alterations of ICC in the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) of streptozotocin-nicotinamide non-insulin-dependent diabetes rats. Moreover, we investigated possible ICC in rats with the same type of diabetes, treated with bilberry fruit extract, bearing in mind that its hypoglycemic effect had been already proven. Male Wistar rats (10 weeks old) were used, and diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, immediately after intraperitoneal application of nicotinamide. The specimens were exposed to anti-c-kit antibodies to investigate the distribution of ICC, and the smooth muscle cells were immunohistochemically labelled using anti-desmin antibodies. Intramuscular ICC were very abundant in the LOS of rats. They were spindle-shaped, with two long processes connecting them into long linear sequences. In the LOS of diabetic rats, intramuscular ICC were rarely present and linear cell-cell connections between these cells were completely missing. In groups treated with bilberry, the number and distribution of ICC were exactly the same as in the above described rats with induced diabetes. In summary, a decrease of intramuscular ICC, discontinuities and breakdown of contacts between ICC were observed in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetes rats and in groups treated with bilberry. Bilberry fruit extract was shown to have hypoglycemic activity, but without any protective effects on ICC in the LOS of diabetic rats.
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PMID:The effect of bilberries on diabetes-related alterations of interstitial cells of Cajal in the lower oesophageal sphincter in rats. 2770 23

Diabetic gastroenteropathy is a common complication in prolonged diabetic patients, particularly patients with poor glycemic control or other complications, including all form of diabetic complication on the gastrointestinal tract, which prompts various symptoms of heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, even constipation, diarrhea, and fecal incontinence. The underlying pathophysiology of this complication manifestations are different on each organ or symptom, but may include autonomic nervous system neuropathy, loss of Interstitial Cell of Cajal as gastric muscle pacemaker leading to dysmotility, impair of liquid transportation and motoric function, as well as hyperglycemia causing oxidative stress, and other factors like Insulin-Growth Factor I inducing smooth muscle atrophy. Diabetic gastroenteropathy is one of major morbidity on diabetes mellitus patients. Patients with this complication need to be well diagnosed and ruled out other diagnosis possibilities. Management of the complication includes resolving main symptoms and maintaining good glycemic control. With growing number of diabetes mellitus patients and the prevalence of diabetic gastroenteropathy complication not being well recorded, caused by lack of attention and knowledge of healthcare provider in identifying the complication; it is important to be able to identify and to give early treatment to diabetic gastroenteropathy patients, to increase quality of life and maintain glycemic control of the patient.
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PMID:Diabetic Gastroenteropathy: A Complication of Diabetes Mellitus. 3169 51