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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glucose tolerance tests were carried out on fifty patients with autoimmune thyroiditis of varying duration and severity. Two were floridly diabetic, and a further six showed diabetic abnormalities of glucose tolerance, giving an over-all incidence of 16 per cent. Diabetics were significantly older than nondiabetics, but the two groups did not differ in terms of duration of thyroid disease or frequency of associated disease of probable autoimmune origin. The prevalence of diabetes in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis appears to be the same as that in the population generally.
Diabetes 1975 Sep
PMID:Carbohydrate tolerance in autoimmune thyroiditis. 5 Sep 57

Induction of expression of MHC class II antigens on the surface of cells that do not ordinarily express these proteins has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroiditis. Platelets express class I but not class II HLA antigens. In this report, we describe a child with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who at the time of the thrombocytopenic episode had class II (HLA-DR) antigens on his platelets. Following recovery, the HLA-DR antigens were no longer present on the platelets. We postulated that class II had been induced on his megakaryocytes by a cytokine such as interferon gamma, and that the induced expression of class II antigens contributed to the autoimmune disorder. To substantiate this possibility we next studied class I and II antigen expression on an erythroleukaemia cell line (HEL), which has many megakaryocytic features. Following treatment of HEL cells with interferon gamma, class I expression was increased and HLA-DR antigens were induced. These observations suggest that cytokine-mediated induced HLA-DR expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of a subset of thrombocytopenias.
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PMID:HLA-DR expression by platelets in acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. 139 Feb 43

In a prospective study the thyroid glands of 598 healthy boys and girls (newborn to 17 years old) were examined by ultrasound. The volume of the normal gland was 1.1 cm3 in neonates, 2 cm3 in 4 year-old-children, and 8.7 cm3 in schoolchildren. The gland of a normal newborn, a girl with congenital hypothyroidism, a girl with inflammation of a median cervical cyst, a girl with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroiditis, and a girl with an adenoma all showed typical differences in ultrasonic structure from the normal adult gland. Sonography of the thyroid gland discloses valuable information, especially in childhood.
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PMID:[Characteristics of thyroid sonography in infants and children]. 150 29

In an attempt to identify novel pancreatic beta-cell surface antigens, mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were raised against rat insulinoma (RIN5F) cells with standard techniques. Several clones were identified whose antibodies bound specifically to RIN5F cells but not to other rat, mouse, and human target cells. Each of these MoAbs was radiolabeled, and the specificity of binding of each MoAb was determined by the ability of excess cold homologous MoAb to displace the labeled MoAb. Six RIN5F cell-specific MoAbs of different epitopic specificities were identified. The relevance of these beta-cell epitopes to human insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) was demonstrated by the differential ability of human serums from control and diabetic children to displace the radiolabeled MoAbs from the RIN5F cells. Serums from 333 children without diabetes or a family history of diabetes and from 156 newly diagnosed IDDM patients were tested. Only one IgM MoAb was specifically displaced by the IDDM serums, i.e., 146 of 156, compared to serums from control children, i.e., 10 of 333. With immunofluorescence, the serum component responsible for the displacement of the mouse MoAb was identified as IgG. Most of the positive control serums were from children with active autoimmune thyroiditis. Serums from children with other forms of glucose intolerance did not displace MoAb 1A2. There was no correlation between age and the degree of displacement of 1A2. Thus, the displacement of 1A2 is a specific and sensitive marker of diabetes susceptibility easily applicable to mass screening.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1990 Oct
PMID:Strong association between diabetes and displacement of mouse anti-rat insulinoma cell monoclonal antibody by human serum in vitro. 169 75

Graves disease is a common form of human autoimmune thyroiditis. It shares many pathological features and HLA associations with other, less easily studied, organ-specific autoimmune conditions such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and hence it is also a useful model for understanding these other diseases. We have previously shown that thyroid-infiltrating T cells in Graves disease that have been recently activated in vivo specifically recognize autologous thyroid epithelial cells. However, the autoantigens involved were not defined. In this study, we have made use of antigen-independent T-cell cloning techniques to show that at least three different thyroid antigens, three different epitopes on a single antigen, and two HLA class II elements are involved in this recognition process in a single individual. This demonstrates that T cells that are present and activated at the site of a human autoimmune disease may show considerable heterogeneity in their recognition of autoantigen on the target tissue. This contrasts with the limited heterogeneity recently reported in some animal models and has potentially important implications for both our understanding of the autoimmune process in humans and the design of immunotherapies to reverse it.
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PMID:Autoantigen recognition by thyroid-infiltrating T cells in Graves disease. 171 2

We report a patient, a twin, with diabetes mellitus whose hyperglycemic state fluctuated during the course of the pregnancy and the subsequent delivery. She was diagnosed as having slowly progressive IDDM because of her clinical course and the findings of serum positive ICA/CF, positive HLA-DR4 and disconcordance of diabetes mellitus with her identical twin. Insulin therapy was not initially needed in the first two years because the endogenous insulin secretion was not completely reduced. After two years of insulin therapy the patient became pregnant. Her glycemic control was remarkably improved without changes in dietary intake and insulin dosage. After delivery glycemic control deteriorated after delivery with the occurrence of postpartum thyroiditis. Urinary excretion of CPR was increased during pregnancy but decreased after delivery. ICA/CF in serum were persistently detected in the whole observation period. It seems that the improved glycemic control during pregnancy was caused by the reduction in the autoimmune reaction and the deterioration in glycemic control during the postpartum period was induced by the acceleration of the autoimmune reaction by the same mechanism of postpartum autoimmune thyroiditis.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1991 Sep
PMID:Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in which glycemic control was improved during pregnancy but deteriorated after delivery with the occurrence of postpartum thyrotoxicosis: a case report. 195 84

Antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and thyroid growth immunoglobulin blocking (TGI block) which have been found in autoimmune thyroiditis in adults, as well as TSH receptors binding inhibitory antibodies (TBI ab) and antimicrosomal (Mc ab) and antithyroglobulin (Tg ab) antibodies were search in 42 mothers-infants pairs called at hospital after a positive screening for congenital hypothyroidism. The etiologic diagnoses were: 12 athyreosis, 12 ectopies, 7 anatomically normal glands and 11 transients. Tg ab and Mc ab were measured by commercial hemagglutination tests, TBI ab were determined using a radio ligand assay. ADCC in a 51Cr release assay by human thyroid cells in culture and TGI block by incorporation of 3H-thymidine using the same cells. Results were 38% for TBI ab in infants mainly in patients with dysgenesis without any concordance between mothers and infants. ADCC were found in 24% and TGI block in 24% with respectively mothers-infants concordance of 90% and 84%. Five mothers had autoimmune diseases (2 thyroiditis, 2 Graves' diseases and 1 insulin-dependent diabetes). Beside these rare cases of maternal diseases, the significantly high number of antibodies without any expression in the mothers suggests that autoimmunity plays a role in the etiology of congenital hypothyroidism.
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PMID:[Study of antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity and thyroid growth blocking antibodies in congenital hypothyroidism]. 204 51

A study was made of indices of the hypophyseogonadal system in men with diabetes mellitus, in men with autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism, and in men with Basedow's disease. Sexual dysfunction was detected in 51% of patients with diabetes mellitus and in 78.5% patients with hypothyroidism. A high level of serum prolactin in these patients resulted in a decrease in the sensitivity of testicles to LH, causing a decrease in testicular androgenic function. It was confirmed by a low blood level of T and a decreased response of the gonads to CG administration. Patients with hypothyroidism demonstrated a decrease in the blood level of LH and TSH causing testicular dysfunction. An increased level of LH and T was found in patients with Basedow's disease. The absence of an adequate rise of the blood concentration of T in response to CG administration in this group of patients can be attributed to the fact that in Basedow's disease the hypophyseogonadal system functions under great strain.
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PMID:[The function of the hypophysis-gonadal system in men with diabetes and in men with thyroid diseases]. 212 2

Another autoimmune disease was found to accompany insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in 14% of the young diabetics (n = 14) studied. Thyroid autoimmune disease was the most common of the accompanying autoimmune diseases, and was detected in 11% (n = 15) of the patients. Two thirds of the IDDM patients with autoimmune thyroiditis were hypothyroid, one was hyperthyroid, and 20% lacked detectable thyroid antibodies when thyroid disease was diagnosed. Coeliac disease was found in 2% of the patients, and one had Addison's disease. Autoantibodies were found in one third of the patients. Thyroid microsomal antibodies were detected in 22% of the patients, IgA anti-gliadin in 11%, gastric parietal cell antibodies in 3% and rheumatoid factor in 7%. Autoimmune disease and the relevant autoantibodies coexisted in 11% of the patients. Autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies were not associated to any particular HLA type. The distribution of the HLA-types in the patients was unusual in that the frequency of HLA-DR3 was not increased. The value of autoantibody tests in the diagnosis of functional disorders of the thyroid and of coeliac disease are discussed.
Diabetes Res 1990 Apr
PMID:Autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases in young diabetics. 213 5

A structured pre-planned form was used to collect data on age distribution and morbidity of Down Syndrome (DS). Survival rates are also reported. The incidence of autoimmune disease among DS individuals was higher than in the normal population. Alopecia (7%), atopic dermatitis (35%), and autoimmune thyroiditis were the most frequently reported conditions, but diabetes and ulcerative colitis were also observed.
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PMID:Down syndrome in the Belluno district (Veneto region, northeast Italy): age distribution and morbidity. 214 81


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