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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is a circulatory disorder of the short posterior ciliary arteries and their branches. 74 patients with AION were examined with video fluorescein angiography for disturbance of the retinal circulation. The armretina time (ART) was slightly (15%, p less than 0.01) increased in patients with AION (12.9 +/- 3.9 s) as compared to healthy persons (11.2 +/- 3.3 s). The prolonged ART was more prominent in the 26 (35.1%) diabetic patients (14.2 +/- 3.9 s). Because of the ART being only moderately prolonged and since the Doppler ultrasonography of the carotid arteries showed in only 3 patients an occlusion or a hemodynamically relevant stenosis of greater than or equal to 50%, prolonged ART may play a considerable role in the course of AION in only few patients. The retinal arteriovenous passage time (AVP) is considerably (77%, p less than 0.01) increased in AION (2.57 +/- 0.89 s) as compared to healthy persons (1.45 +/- 0.40 s). In patients with duration of symptoms less than 10 days (2.78 +/- 0.96 s) the AVP was increased (p less than 0.01) as compared to patients with duration of symptoms between 11 and 30 days (2.11 +/- 0.46 s). The comparison between the eye with AION and the not affected eye showed no difference in ART but an increase of AVP in the eye with AION. The AVP in AION patients without and with diabetes was not different. No differences in ART and in AVP were found between arteriitic and non-arteriitic patients with AION. The results indicate that the retinal microcirculation is disturbed in patients with arteriitic and non-arteriitic AION. This condition may worsen the in AION affected microcirculation of the optic nerve head through the mechanism of decreased blood flow in the retinociliary anastomoses.
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PMID:[Video fluorescein angiography studies in acute anterior ischemic optic neuropathy]. 179 83

Although the mortality rate of diabetes mellitus in Japan is much lower than the rates in Western countries, an increasing trend has been evident over the last 40 years as a whole. However, the trend shows variations with age; there is an apparent decreasing trend in subjects of 0-35 years of age at death, while there is a remarkable increasing trend in subjects of 75 years of age and over. It appears that the increase in diabetes mortality is largely due to an elevation in the mortality rate in aged subjects and an increase in the size of the aged population in this country. A population-based study of causes of death, carried out in Osaka Prefecture for the period 1960-1989, indicates a remarkable increase in the age at death and significant changes in the causes of death of diabetic patients. Diseases of the circulatory system were found to be the major causes of death other than diabetes, and, among them, a rapid increase in the frequency of disease of the heart was observed. As a cause of death, tuberculosis decreased sharply, while malignant neoplasms, ischemic heart disease, and pneumonia and bronchitis increased during the same period. Among malignant neoplasms, an increase in neoplasm of the liver was marked.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1994 Oct
PMID:Mortality and causes of death in patients with diabetes mellitus in Japan. 785 24

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Japan was estimated from fructosamine and hemoglobin A1c measurement data obtained from the National Survey of Circulatory Disorders 1990, using a previously reported method which used the results of a screening test for estimating true prevalence. The prevalence for males was higher than that for females. The prevalences were less than 10% for those 49 years or younger and approximately 20% for those 50 years or older. The estimated values derived from fructosamine or hemoglobin A1c did not vary considerably.
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PMID:[Prevalence estimates for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Japan from National Survey of Circulatory Disorders 1990 data]. 794 83

The 10 year mortality experience was determined in a population-based cohort of 540 Type 2 diabetic individuals. The association between potential risk factors and all causes mortality was examined. Diabetes was not mentioned anywhere on the death certificate in 46% of 274 decedents. Diseases of the circulatory system (ICD9-390-459) accounted for the majority (62%) of deaths in this cohort. Ten-year survival was poorer than expected for both men and women compared to the age- and sex-matched Minnesota population. Standardized mortality ratios for selected causes of death indicated excess for cardiovascular disease (ICD9-390-459), coronary heart disease (ICD9 410-414) and cerebrovascular disease. Baseline variables associated with all causes of mortality included age and a history of macrovascular disease. These findings indicate that mortality data significantly underestimate the magnitude of diabetes and that individuals with diabetes have poorer survival than non-diabetic individuals.
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PMID:Mortality among type 2 diabetic individuals and associated risk factors: the Three City Study. 840 23

The prevalence of glucose intolerance was surveyed in 8,063 people over 30 years old from the general population of Japan. The data used in the analysis were from the Fourth National Circulatory Disorders Basic Survey, which was conducted in 1990. Survey items included history of diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI) and daily life activity. Blood and urine were also examined, and the blood glucose levels, presence or absence of sugar in urine, and levels of glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) were determined. Glucose intolerance was identified from the blood glucose level, HbA1c level and history of diabetes mellitus. The frequency of glucose intolerance was 8.6% in all subjects (11.9% in men and 6.3% in women). The frequency was higher in older people: 1.7 times higher in men over 65 years old and 2.5 times higher in women over 65 years old. Among people over 40 years old, glucose intolerance was significantly more prevalent in men than in women. It was also significantly more prevalent in men living in big cities than in men living in rural areas. Among obese male subjects and men with a low level of activity in daily life, the frequency of glucose intolerance was higher than in normal male subjects. The level of activity in daily life tended to be lower for people living in big cities than for those in rural areas. The results suggest that the prevalence of glucose intolerance depends on the environment in which people live. The results also indicate that raising the level of activities in daily life might help prevent diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Prevalence of glucose intolerance in Japan--from the National Circulatory Disorders Basic Survey, 1990]. 1006 71

This study attempts to evaluate the oral manifestations of and the limited available dental pulp information on diabetes mellitus, a common metabolic disorder of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism affecting over 16 million Americans. Diabetics are particularly prone to bacterial or opportunistic infections. This vulnerability is caused by a generalized circulatory disorder whereby the blood vessels are damaged by the accumulation of atheromatous deposits in the tissues of the blood vessels lumen. In addition, blood vessels, particularly capillaries, develop a thickened basement membrane, which impairs a leukotactic response, and there is a decrease in the polymorphonuclear leucocyte microbicidal ability and failure to deliver the humoral and cellular components of the immune system. Because the dental pulp has limited or no collateral circulation, it is more prone to be at risk for infection. Clinical and radiographic studies by other investigators have shown that there is a greater prevalence of periapical lesions in diabetics than in nondiabetics. In a study of 252 diabetics with poor glycemic control, a high rate of asymptomatic tooth infection was found. Inflammatory reactions are greater in diabetic states, and the increased local inflammation causes an intensification of diabetes with a rise in blood glucose, placing the patient in an uncontrolled diabetic state. This often requires an increase in insulin dosage or therapeutic adjustment. Removal of the inflammatory state in the periodontium created a need for a lesser amount of insulin for glycemic control. Thus, it is essential to remove all infections including those of the dental pulp. When diabetes mellitus is under therapeutic control, periapical and other lesions heal as readily as in nondiabetics.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus and the dental pulp. 1281 20

Circulatory system diseases (c.s.d.) belong to the group of civilization diseases. The risk factors of circulatory system diseases are: stress, overuse of alcohol, smoking cigarettes, bad eating habits, sitting life style. Calorie overconsumption, animal fat rich diet, sitting life style result in the development of android obesity, hypercholesterolemia, that enhance atheromatosis. The most dangerous consequences of atheromatosis are: angina pectoris, hypertension, myocardial infarction, brain insult, type II diabetes. The aim of the work was to evaluate life style and its correlation with development of circulatory system diseases. The results obtained significantly indicate how important is health education about the danger of widely understood unhealthy life style. Propagation of staying healthy model with emphasizing real profit resulting from leading healthy life style is the only righteous way to improve it.
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PMID:Life style and the risk of development of circulatory system diseases. 1289 55

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of major chronic diseases and their risk factors in different socioeconomic groups in the Australian population, in order to highlight the need for public policy initiatives to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in health. METHODS: Data were provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) from the 2001 National Health Survey (NHS) for selected chronic diseases and associated risk factors. Conditions selected were those, which form the National Health Priority Area (NHPA) conditions (other than injury, which has not been included in this paper, with its focus on chronic disease); plus other 'serious' chronic conditions, in line with the classification developed by Mathers; and for which sufficient cases were available for analysis by socioeconomic status. Indirectly age-standardised prevalence rates were calculated by broad age group for Australia and for five groups of socioeconomic status; rate ratios were calculated to show variations in prevalence between these groups. RESULTS: Significant socioeconomic inequalities were evident for many of the major chronic diseases; the largest was for diabetes mellitus (at ages 25 to 64 years); and for many diseases, there was also a strong, continuous socioeconomic gradient in the rates.Circulatory system diseases (in particular, hypertensive disease) and digestive system diseases also exhibited a strong differential in the 25 to 64 year age group.In the 65 years and over age group, the strongest inequalities were evident for mental and behavioural problems, diabetes (with a continuous socioeconomic gradient in rates) and respiratory system diseases.A number of risk factors for chronic diseases, namely self-reported smoking, alcohol misuse, physical inactivity and excess weight showed a striking association with socioeconomic status, in particular for people who were smokers and those who did not exercise. CONCLUSION: This analysis shows that the prevalence of chronic disease varies across the socioeconomic gradient for a number of specific diseases, as well as for important disease risk factors. Therefore, any policy interventions to address the impact of chronic disease, at a population level, need to take into account these socioeconomic inequalities.
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PMID:The socioeconomic gradient and chronic illness and associated risk factors in Australia. 1567 42

There have been conflicting reports in the literature about the protective effect of hemophilia on the occurrence of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Circulatory disease has been reported as the second most common cause of death in persons with hemophilia in the United States. In addition to diabetes and hypertension, high levels of FVIII, as may occur during factor concentrate infusions, may increase IHD risk in this population. To estimate the prevalence of heart disease and examine factors associated with IHD and other heart diseases among persons with hemophilia, we analyzed data collected from the medical records of 3,422 males with hemophilia living in six U.S. states from 1993 to 1998. Heart disease cases were ascertained from among 2,075 persons who were hospitalized at least once during the 6-year period. Of these, 48 were diagnosed with IHD and 106, with other types of heart disease. The age-specific prevalence of IHD ranged from 0.05% in those under 30 years to 15.2% in those 60 years or older. Hospital discharge rates in males with hemophilia with IHD and other types of heart disease were lower compared to rates in age-matched U.S. males. In our cohort, as in the general population, IHD was independently associated with age, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Other heart diseases were associated with HIV infection, hypertension, hemophilia B, and diabetes. In summary, persons with hemophilia have unique risk factors such as infusion of factor concentrates and infection with HIV that may predispose them to heart disease as their life expectancy increases.
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PMID:Prevalence and risk factors for heart disease among males with hemophilia. 1584 61

Neuropathic osteoarthropathy is characterised by relatively painless swelling together with extensive damage in bones and joints, predominantly in the feet and ankles. The uncontrolled natural course of the condition leads to gross foot deformity, skin pressure ulceration, spreading infections, and sometimes amputation. Jean-Martin Charcot in 1883 described "Charcot foot" named after him in patients with tabes dorsalis insensitivity. Charcot believed that intrinsic bone weakness was the underlying condition, and was caused by neurogenic deficiencies in bone nutrition. His followers believed such dystrophy to be mediated by sympathetic denervation of the bone vasculature (neurotrophic, or neurovascular theory). Attempts to prove this theory were futile. A neurogenic circulatory disorder potentially relevant to bone nutrition could not be identified. Nowadays, Charcot foot is mostly seen in diabetic neuropathy, which has replaced syphilis as a frequent cause of peripheral nerve dysfunction. Recent studies in the diabetic Charcot foot and bone turnover indicate that the neurotrophic theory is a myth. The assumption of bone resorption due to sympathetic denervation proved to be false--sympathetic activity increases osteoclastic activity and thereby bone loss (sympathomimetic bone resorption). Except for the transient, inflammatory stage of the diabetic Charcot foot, there is no evidence of relevant osteoporosis or demineralisation of the foot skeleton in diabetes.
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PMID:Charcot foot in diabetes: farewell to the neurotrophic theory. 1682 17


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