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Rhinocerebral phycomycosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection with ubiquitous fungi of the class Phycomycetes, starting in the nose and extending to the paranasal sinuses and then intracranially. The condition is often characterized by poor prognosis because of occlusion of the internal carotid artery. This disease is commonly associated with predispositions such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, which is the most common, immunosuppressive states and metabolic bankruptcy including leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, malnutrition, uremic or diarrheal acidosis, severe burns, anemia, carcinoma, radiotherapy, liver cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, tuberculosis, septicemia, long-term medication of steroid, antibiotics and antimetabolite, drug addiction, cytotoxic drug administration and AIDS. Cases with unknown predisposition, however, have been infrequently reported in the literature. The authors report a case of rhinocerebral phycomycosis in which concurrence of Candida species instead of the above-mentioned common predispositions was considered a potential predisposition. To our knowledge, only 1 report in which Candida species are referred to as a potential predisposition for this disease has been previously issued. A 85-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on March 2, 1994 because of generalized convulsion. He had received a total extirpation of an ascending colon cancer in July 1993. On admission, physical inspection showed no abnormalities and neurological examination revealed obtunded consciousness without other abnormalities. He had no diabetes mellitus. Hematological and blood chemistry values were normal except for CA19-9 of 45 U/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of rhinocerebral phycomycosis]. 760 36

Body size is associated with the risk of many diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. To evaluate the association of body size with large bowel cancer, height and weight measurements were ascertained by telephone interview from 779 Wisconsin (United States) women with newly reported diagnoses of carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Controls (n = 2,315) interviewed for this case-control study were selected randomly from Wisconsin driver's license files and Health Care Financing Administration files. The effects of weight and height were examined using multiple logistic regression to control for potential confounding variables. In this study, weight adjusted for height increased the risk of colon cancer (odds ratio [OR] for 72.57-148.33 kg cf 36.29-58.05 kg = 1.4, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-1.9) but did not increase the risk of rectal cancer. Height did not influence risk for cancer of either the colon or the rectum. Left-colon subsite analysis showed especially strong associations with current weight and with percent change in weight since age 18. These data suggest that a dose-response relationship exists between body size and risk of colon cancer in women; body size did not appear to influence risk of rectal cancer.
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PMID:The association of body size and large bowel cancer risk in Wisconsin (United States) women. 771 33

Combined molecular and epidemiological studies are advancing our understanding of the genetic basis of multifactorial diseases. Several of the results obtained during the past year highlight methodological issues associated with these approaches. For example, the affected sib-pair method has been applied successfully to detect linkage between the angiotensinogen gene and susceptibility to hypertension, and a large multi-centre epidemiological study has demonstrated association of a polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene with increased risk of myocardial infarction. The study of Mendelian forms of multifactorial diseases has also led to many new results. These include the characterization of mutations in the glucokinase gene in maturity onset diabetes of the young, localization to chromosome 2 of a gene involved in familial colon cancer, and localization to chromosome 19 of a gene responsible for hemiplegic migraine. New insights have been provided into the genetics of multifactorial disorders such as diabetes and hypertension through the study of animal models. Localization of susceptibility loci in such models has recently led to the identification of new candidate genes that may be implicated in disease.
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PMID:Genetic approaches to common diseases. 776 64

Quantitative estimates indicate that sedentary living is responsible for about one-third of deaths due to coronary heart disease, colon cancer, and diabetes--three diseases for which physical inactivity is an established causal factor. Presumably, if everyone were highly active the death rate from these three disease would be only two-thirds of the current rate. Not everyone will become highly active, however. Assuming smaller increases in physical activity practices, mortality from these three conditions combined could be reduced by as much as 5-6%, or 30,000-35,000 deaths per year. Overall mortality in the United States might be reduced about 1-1.5%. The greatest gains would accrue from strategies that encourage those who report no leisure-time physical activity to do some and that encourage those who are irregularly active to participate in 30 or more minutes of light to moderate activity for 5 or more d.wk-1. Mortality is only one aspect of public health burdens that would be reduced by greater participation in regular physical activity. Quality of life, which we have not attempted to quantify, would also improve.
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PMID:The public health burdens of sedentary living habits: theoretical but realistic estimates. 793 58

Intensive animal rearing, manipulation of crop production and food processing have altered the qualitative and quantitative balance of nutrients of foods consumed by Western society. This change, to which the physiology and biochemistry of man may not be presently adapted to, is thought to be responsible for the chronic diseases that are rampant in the Industrialised Western Countries. Agriculture production and food processing practices, dietary habits and lifestyle of the West is being fostered without any appraisal of the health implications by most developing countries. Consequently, a rising trend in the incidences of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, dental decay and appendicitis is apparent. Mediterranean countries are adopting the agriculture and food practices of northern Europe as the result of the harmonisation of European food and agriculture policy. It is predicted that the low incidence of morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes and breast and colon cancer of the Mediterranean countries would rise to the high northern European level in the foreseeable future. Most of these chronic diseases are lifestyle related and are preventable. This can be realised by tackling the root problem which is food production and processing practices and not by dispensing designer drugs or opening more hospital beds.
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PMID:Nutrition and health in relation to food production and processing. 806 63

The 10th edition of the RDA discusses carbohydrates in the context of dietary fiber and digestible carbohydrates, which provide energy, and recommends that more than half the energy requirement beyond infancy be provided by carbohydrates and that a desirable intake of fiber be achieved by consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole-grain cereals. The recommendations on digestible carbohydrates are primarily based on the desirability of limiting the intake of fat. An additional consideration is the suggestion that excess calories from carbohydrate vs. fat are metabolized and stored with different efficiencies. The scientific basis for recommending an appropriate intake of dietary fiber is not clearly evident in the current RDA. The association between a high plant food, and thus fiber intake, and lower incidence of cardiovascular disease, colon cancer, and diabetes is of interest but difficult to use to form the basis of specific recommendations for an appropriate amount of fiber to include in the diet. The importance of fiber for normal gastrointestinal function provides the best scientific basis for developing recommended intake levels. Dietary fiber, as well as non-digested starch, are the only known dietary components that increase stool weight and are the primary substrates for the microflora in the large intestine. Metabolism of this microflora, including production of short chain fatty acids that are used by epithelial cells, appears to be important for intestinal health. However, the challenge we still face is to define the parameters of gastrointestinal function that are compatible with health.
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PMID:Carbohydrates: significance for energy balance and gastrointestinal function. 808 44

Hypercoagulability with resultant thrombosis as a leading cause of death remains unproven due to the lack of a global screening coagulation test documenting antecedent hypercoagulability. To fill this need a modified recalcification time (MRT) test that incorporates the contribution of all the circulating cellular and chemical mediators, including the important but neglected tissue factor, to coagulation is described. Aliquots of blood are incubated with saline and with endotoxin, and the MRT is instrumentally determined. Values outside the normal ranges of 5.3 to 8.5 minutes (saline) and 4.5 to 7.5 minutes (endotoxin) in the coagulation spectrum of 0 to 10 minutes to infinity are abnormal. Shorter values are inversely related to the degree of hypercoagulability. To assess MRT in detecting hypercoagulability, MRT values in conditions with known thrombotic risk that were reported individually are presented by indicating the percentages of each in the abnormal ranges. The conditions, all with statistically significant hypercoagulability, included early breast cancer, diabetes, head, neck, and colon cancer, peripheral vascular disease, and pregnancy. Modified recalcification time meets the criteria of a global coagulation screening test because of: 1) age-related prevalence of asymptomatic cancer and thrombotic cardiovascular disease, 2) specificity and sensitivity, and 3) expected lower morbidity and mortality with early intervention.
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PMID:Modified recalcification time: a global coagulation screening test. 837 Dec 83

Participation in physical activity on a regular basis provides important health benefits, including reduced risk for heart disease, colon cancer, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Regular physical activity also helps control weight; contributes to development and maintenance of healthy bones, muscles, and joints; and reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression. Recent recommendations have emphasized moderate intensity activities nearly every day for those who are unable to maintain the previously recommended program of strenuous activity three times a week. To determine the proportion of adults who are participating in regular physical activity, regardless of the level of intensity, CDC analyzed data from the 1994 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicates that, in every state surveyed, most adults are not participating in regular physical activity.
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PMID:State-specific prevalence of participation in physical activity--Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1994. 876 58

Authors analysed changes in consumption of selected food groups (cereals, fruit, vegetables, meat, fat, sweets) as well as mortality indexes (CVD, intestinal cancers, diabetes) among four European countries (the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden) during 1970-1992. It was shown that consumption of fruit and vegetables (except the Netherlands) significantly increased. The growing tendency of meat consumption was decelerated, whereas no changes were observed in case of cereals, total fats and sweets. However (except Sweden) fats of animal origin decreased in favour of vegetable ones. As far as mortality from CVD and stomach cancer is concerned some decrease was observed in all countries. In addition mortality from intestine and colon cancer was lower in Sweden as well as UK. Although changes in dietary pattern are playing the crucial role observed mortality rates, other factors related to style of life incl. smoking or physical activity should not be overlooked.
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PMID:[Nutrition and mortality from some diet-related diseases]. 902 97

In populations in sub-Saharan Africa, transitional changes in patterns of morbidity and mortality are taking place, with decreases in the diseases of poverty and infection, but rises in chronic diseases of prosperity, associated, however, with greater longevity. Remarkably, bowel diseases - appendicitis, diverticular disease, colon cancer - while nearly absent in rural areas, have very low incidences in urban dwellers, despite rises in risk factors, including a decreasing intake of fibre-containing foods. Currently, there is no explanation for the phenomenon, which stands in marked contrast to the considerable rises which have occurred in dental caries, obesity in women and diabetes.
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PMID:Effects of transition on bowel diseases in sub-Saharan Africans. 905 36


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