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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in 35-64 year old Danish men has declined by 27% from 1981 to 1989. In the same period, a lesser increase in mortality from all other causes was observed. However, this is a heterogenous phenomenon, since the mortality from (in particular) infectious diseases (AIDS), diabetes mellitus, and a number of diseases related to heavy drinking has increased, whereas the suicide rate and mortality from lung cancer (in 1985-89) have decreased. It is not possible to evaluate the contribution of improved treatment of IHD cases and a decreasing incidence of disease, respectively, to the decline in mortality from IHD. A decreasing incidence is very probable, however, since both the percentage of smokers and the plasma cholesterol levels in middle-aged men have declined significantly since mid-1970s and leisure time physical activity has increased. The trend in IHD mortality in the 1980s points to a sustained decline in the 1990s and a levelling off in the increase in mortality from other causes. Thus total mortality is expected to decrease more rapidly in the 1990s, resulting in an increase in life expectancy of Danish men.
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PMID:[A marked decline in the mortality from ischemic heart disease among middle aged Danish men in the 1980's and simultaneous changes of mortality because of other causes]. 845 97

Septic arthritis of the hip caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetusis very rare. The authoris isolated C. fetus subsp. fetus from a specimen of the left hip. The patient was a 53-year old man with a history of heavy drinking, diabetes, and chronic hepatitis, and had been suffering from avascular necrosis of both femoral heads. It was considered that the organism invaded already damaged tissue of the joint. The patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics and later received successful total hip replacement.
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PMID:Pyogenic arthritis of the hip due to Campylobacter fetus--a case report. 150 34

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between life style factors and adult disease for Chinese living in Japan. The mortalities of major cancers and other major diseases of Chinese in Japan were compared with those of Japanese by calculating Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) for the Chinese using death rates in the Japanese population the standard. The life style data on smoking, drinking and dietary habits for Chinese in Japan were collected by self-administered questionnaire surveys, and age-adjusted proportions were calculated with the truncated world population as the standard. Then the corrected indexes on life style for Chinese in Japan were compared with those of Japanese. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The mortality rates of heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease, liver cirrhosis, rectum cancer, liver cancer (both sexes), lung cancer (females), breast cancer and cerebrovascular disease (females) for Chinese in Japan were higher than those for Japanese, but the rates of stomach cancer, pancreas cancer (both sexes), uterus cancer (females) and cerebrovascular disease (males) were lower than those for Japanese. 2. The prevalence of current smokers for Chinese males in Japan was lower than that of Japanese, and that of females was higher than that of Japanese. The prevalence of non-smokers for Chinese males was higher than that of Japanese, and that of females was lower than that of Japanese. 3. Although the prevalence of regular drinkers for Chinese of both sexes in Japan were lower than that of Japanese, the prevalence of heavy drinkers who drank over 80 ml of ethanol every day for Chinese males was higher than that of Japanese males. 4. Significant differences were not found in the prevalences of frequent consumers of meat, milk, eggs, fish, other vegetables and food using oil between cooks and non-cooks of Chinese of both sexes in Japan. 5. The age-adjusted prevalences of frequent meat and milk consumers for Chinese in Japan were higher than those of Japanese in both sexes, but those of frequent pickled vegetable and MISO soup consumers were lower than those of Japanese. The dietary pattern of Chinese in Japan was different from that of Japanese with intakes of much fat and less salt. 6. It is assumed that the mortalities due to adult disease for Chinese in Japan are related to their heavy drinking and to their dietary habits.
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PMID:[A socio-medical study of adult diseases related to the life style of Chinese in Japan]. 263 81

To evaluate the prognosis and prognostic factors of chronic pancreatitis, 84 patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and 51 with nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis have been followed for 1-21 years (average of 7.1 years). The follow-up period was defined as the period from diagnosis to death in those who died and to the present in those still alive. The following conclusions were obtained. (1) Patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis showed a significantly higher mortality rate (26.2%) and cancer death rate (8.3%) than the age- and sex-matched population. In patients with nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis, however, the difference did not reach the level of statistical significance, although both rates tended to be higher. (2) Patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis showed a significantly poorer prognosis than those with nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis. (3) Frequent causes of death in chronic pancreatitis were cancer (11 cases) and diabetes-associated conditions (renal failure in three cases, intractable pneumonia in one, hypoglycemic shock in two, and myocardial infarction in two). Death directly from pancreatitis was observed in four. (4) Unfavorable prognostic factors in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis included heavy drinking, continuance of drinking after diagnosis, smoking, insulin-dependent diabetes, and an advanced age. In nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis, however, patients' age was the only significant prognostic factor; smoking did not reach the level of statistical significance, although it tended to lead to a poorer prognosis.
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PMID:Prognosis and prognostic factors in chronic pancreatitis. 292 Jun 51

Dupuytren's disease of the hands was present in 55 (13.75%) of the 400 elderly ex-servicemen living at the Royal Hospital Chelsea. Five men (9.1%) reported the condition in either a parent or sibling, but none was aware of an affected child. The prevalence of heavy drinking, non-insulin dependent diabetes or manual occupation was statistically the same in those with or without the condition. Overall, both hands were equally affected, but they differed in severity in 29 men. In milder cases the left hand was the more severely affected (grades 1 and 2); the reverse was true when the difference in severity was greater (grade 3). Since the original description of Dupuytren's disease [1] attempts have been made to link it with a variety of other conditions. These have included trauma, alcoholism and cirrhosis, [2] epilepsy [3] and diabetes mellitus [4]. A genetic link is accepted [5]. The condition is more common in men than women and becomes increasingly common with advancing age [6]. The prevalence in elderly men has been reported as high as 28.9%, rising to 64.3% in surveys of affected families [7]. There are still many physicians who, with a knowing wink when they spot that one of their patients has a Dupuytren's contracture, mentally register that he is an alcoholic. This paper is an attempt to disprove this fairy story. It describes a survey of Dupuytren's disease in a population of elderly men drawn from all parts of the United Kingdom and Ireland.
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PMID:Dupuytren's contracture in pensioners at the Royal Hospital Chelsea. 842 37

Population-based epidemiological and health service utilisation information on diabetes and other noncommunicable diseases is still scarce in Australia. Such information is needed by health economists, policy makers and service providers. Data from the 1989-90 National Health Survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics have been used to obtain estimates of the prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity, life-style factors, use of hospital and medical services, and self-assessed health and happiness for Australian persons with diabetes. Prevalences are compared with those for persons without diabetes. Those with diabetes had two to three times the prevalence of most cardiovascular conditions, similar levels of exercise (except for diabetic women over 40 years of age who exercised less than their nondiabetic counterparts), lower levels of alcohol consumption (except for younger men, who had a similar frequency of heavy drinking as their nondiabetic peers), similar levels of smoking, a higher prevalence of overweight, and significantly greater frequency of hospital admissions, use of outpatient services and general practitioner consultations. About half of the people with diabetes assessed their health as good or excellent but 90 per cent stated that they were happy or very happy. No differences between diabetic people living in capital cities and other areas were found. These results have implications for education and life-style behaviour modification programs for people with diabetes. Research into the prevention and more effective management of diabetes and its complications is required in order to contain the escalating health care burden associated with diabetes in Australia.
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PMID:Self-reported health and use of health services: a comparison of diabetic and nondiabetic persons from a national sample. 876 12

Among principal causes of acrodystrophic neuropathy-ie, leprosy, diabetes, amyloid neuropathy, hereditary sensory neuropathies-alcoholism is controversial since first descriptions (Bureau et al, 1957) incriminating heavy drinking. This retrospective review of 38 cases occurring in West-Indian rhum abusers, tends however to confirm its etiologic role. Patients present with three non specific signs or symptoms of the lower extremities: anaesthetic foot, plantar ulcers, and chronic, indolent, mutilating arthropathies. Motor function is spared. Male gender, massive (> or = 150 g pure alcohol daily) and prolonged (> or = 12 years) rhum intake, hygiene deficiency, poverty and social distress, exposition to repeated foot microtrauma and a protracted, non fatal, but disabling course leading to amputation, are the main features of this syndrome. The pathophysiology is poorly documented, and many questions remain unanswered including a genetic predisposition or a particular neuro-toxicity of West Indian rhum. However, the clinical and epidemiologic data presented here favour the concept of an "alcoholic foot" or true alcoholic acrodystrophic neuropathy, quite different from the most common sensory-motor form.
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PMID:[Mutilating acrodystrophic neuropathy of alcoholic origin in the French West Indies]. 895 26

Growing numbers of patients suffering from many symptoms believe that they have a condition called multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome (MCSS). It has been suggested that this syndrome can be triggered by exposure to any of a large and usually incompletely defined number of natural and synthetic chemical substances. Major medical organizations, including the National Research Council and the American Medical Association, have not recognized MCSS as a clinical syndrome because of a lack of valid, well-controlled studies defining it and establishing pathogenesis or origin. Lately, some have proposed that many patients with MCSS suffer from hereditary coproporphyria. However, this purported association is based chiefly on results from a single reference laboratory of a fundamentally flawed assay for erythrocyte coproporphyrinogen oxidase. Although patients with MCSS may, at times, have modest increases in urinary coproporphyrin excretion, this is a common finding found in many asymptomatic subjects or patients with diverse other conditions (eg, diabetes mellitus, heavy alcohol use, liver disease, and many kinds of anemia). Such secondary coproporphyrinuria does not indicate the existence of coproporphyria. To our knowledge, there is no scientifically valid evidence to support an association between MCSS and coproporphyria, nor is there any unifying hypothesis for rationally linking these 2 disorders.
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PMID:Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome and porphyria. A note of caution and concern. 904 Feb 94

The role of the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) in hepatic ethanol metabolism is reviewed, with focus on its constitutive, ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-4502E1 (2E1). The MEOS was purified and reconstituted using 2E1, phospholipids, and cytochrome P-450 reductase and shown to oxidize ethanol to acetaldehyde, mainly as a monooxygenase and secondarily via hydroxyl radicals, with transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Polymorphism of 2E1 was recognized, and enzymology (including cofactors, role of lipids, inducers, and inhibitors) as well as cellular and tissue distribution were chartered. Physiological functions involve lipid metabolism and ketone utilization in starvation, obesity, and diabetes. The most significant role of 2E1 is its adaptive response to high blood ethanol levels with a corresponding acceleration of ethanol metabolism. The associated free radical production, however, contributes to liver injury in the alcoholic. Most importantly, 2E1 has a unique capacity to activate many xenobiotics (85 of which are listed) to hepatotoxic or carcinogenic products. Induction of 2E1 also results in enhanced production of acetaldehyde, a highly reactive and toxic metabolite. The proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum associated with 2E1 induction is also accompanied by enhanced activity of other cytochrome P-450s, resulting in accelerated metabolism of, and tolerance to, other drugs, as well as increased degradation of retinol and its hepatic depletion. Some substrates and metabolites, however, are innocuous and may eventually be used as markers of heavy drinking. Recently discovered effective 2E1 inhibitors also have great therapeutic potential.
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PMID:Cytochrome P-4502E1: its physiological and pathological role. 911 22

Production of free radicals from acetaldehyde oxidation by enzymes and cellular fractions is a well-known process. The toxic effects of acetaldehyde, however, are usually attributed to its reactions with biomolecules to produce adducts. Here, we demonstrate that hypothetical adducts produced from attack of acetaldehyde by two important biological oxidants, peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide, decompose to produce acetate, formate, and methyl radicals. Acetate, formate, nitrate, and nitrite were characterized and quantified by capillary electrophoresis. Radicals were detected and quantified by the EPR spectra produced in the presence of spin traps 3, 5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonic acid and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide. Kinetic studies and product analysis were performed at different pHs. The results demonstrate that production of methyl radicals during oxidation of acetaldehyde by hydrogen peroxide was strictly dependent on the presence of iron(II) and occurred via two routes. One involved acetaldehyde attack by the hydroxyl radical to produce the acetyl radical that decomposes to methyl radical and carbon monoxide. The other route involved acetaldehyde attack by deprotonated hydrogen peroxide to produce a hypothetical intermediate that reductively cleaves via the action of present iron(II) to produce radicals. The latter mechanism predominates in the case of peroxynitrite, but radical formation does not require metal ions. Most of the hypothetical adduct produced from acetaldehyde and peroxynitrite (k = 680 M(-)(1) s(-)(1) at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C) decays to nitrate and regenerates the aldehyde [Uppu, R. M., et al. (1997) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 10, 1331], but about 30% of it produces acetate, formate, and methyl radicals. Part of these oxidized products result from beta-scission and 1,2-shift reactions of the 1-hydroxyethoxyl radical which, together with nitrogen dioxide, freely diffuses from the adduct (20% yields). The results provide yet another example of the metal-independent free radical reactivity of peroxynitrite and may be relevant to the toxic effects associated with heavy drinking and diabetes.
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PMID:Oxidation of acetaldehyde by peroxynitrite and hydrogen Peroxide/Iron(II). Production Of acetate, formate, and methyl radicals. 1052 79


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