Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The existence of specific, age-related changes in gastrointestinal motility with clinical significance is controversial. Beside the more infrequent primary motility disorders, secondary motility disturbances associated with collagen vascular diseases, endocrinopathies, and neuromuscular diseases are prominent in the older and often multimorbid patients. Especially in geriatric patients, motility associated symptoms are undesired side-effects of drug therapy. The pathophysiology, clinical syndromes, and therapeutic principles of motility disorders in the elderly are discussed. The major symptoms of esophageal dysfunction are dysphagia, chest pain, heartburn, and regurgitation. Oropharyngeal dysphagia, mostly caused by cerebrovascular accidents and other neurologic disorders, leads to disturbances in food intake, and is often complicated by broncho-pulmonary infections arising from recurrent aspiration of food or saliva. Gastrointestinal reflux disease and spastic motility disorders of the esophagus are regarded as possible causes of angina-like chest pain after exclusion of cardiac diseases. Motility disturbances of the stomach and small bowel are often related to systemic disease (i.e., diabetes mellitus, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction) of drug side-effects. Mental and physical decline, reduced fluid intake, and constipating drugs are the most relevant factors for idiopathic constipation in the elderly. Fecal incontinence means a great psychological strain for older patients and leads to social isolation.
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PMID:[Gastrointestinal motility in the elderly]. 144 9

Twenty seven cases of Myomucosal Tracheoesophageal shunt following total laryngectomy performed at Laennec Hospital are presented. The surgical technique which was initially reported by M. Strome is summarized. The advantages of this procedure as compared to other tracheoesophageal fistulas are discussed. The first sixteen cases of this series failed: 12 stenoses occurred and 4 flaps necrosed. The eleven last Myomucosal shunts of this series are functioning. Aspiration was only problematic in one case. Six of the eleven functioning shunts have excellent voicing; three other patients are able to voice before completion of speech therapy and one patient has a too short follow-up for voice evaluation. The authors emphasize the contra-indications for the procedure. Medical conditions that can potentially lead to flap necrosis include: arteritis, diabetes mellitus, and gastrointestinal reflux.
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PMID:[Vocal rehabilitation after total laryngectomy by musculomucous tracheo-esophageal fistula. Results apropos of 27 cases]. 320 57

The prevalence of gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients was assessed at a single center with a self-administered questionnaire previously used in a general population. It defines (GERD as the presence of heartburn or acid regurgitation, or both. Risk factors for GERD and GERD-associated symptoms were also evaluated. In the studied population, 29.7% of patients had frequent GERD (heartburn, acid regurgitation, or both symptoms weekly). Frequent GERD was reported by 44.7% of PD patients versus the 18.9% reported by HD patients and the 19.8% reported by the general population. PD and HD patients had similar GERD severity scores [2.3 +/- 0.7 vs 1.9 +/- 0.8, mean +/- standard deviation (SD)]. PD and HD patients reported atypical GERD symptoms at rates similar to those reported by the general population, but having GERD made some atypical GERD symptoms more likely (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). In a logistic model, age < 60 [odds ratio (OR) 5.6, confidence interval (CI) 1.5-21.3], smoking (OR 4.7, CI 1.3-16.9), and body mass index > or = 27 (OR 3.9, CI 1.2-13.0) predicted GERD. Sex, race, diabetes, PD, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), calcium channel blockers, and coffee and alcohol use did not. GERD is more common in PD patients than in HD patients or in the general population. It is not clear whether PD per se is a risk factor for GERD.
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PMID:Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients. 1068 75

Primary mitochondrial disorders are a group of clinically variable and heterogeneous inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), resulting from defects in cellular energy, and can affect every organ system of the body. Clinical presentations vary and may include symptoms of fatigue, skeletal muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, short stature, failure to thrive, blindness, ptosis and ophthalmoplegia, nystagmus, hearing loss, hypoglycemia, diabetes mellitus, learning difficulties, intellectual disability, seizures, stroke-like episodes, spasticity, dystonia, hypotonia, pain, neuropsychiatric symptoms, gastrointestinal reflux, dysmotility, gastrointestinal pseudo-obstruction, cardiomyopathy, cardiac conduction defects, and other endocrine, renal, cardiac, and liver problems. Most phenotypic manifestations are multi-systemic, with presentations varying at different age of onset and may show great variability within members of the same family; making these truly complex IEMs. Most primary mitochondrial diseases are autosomal recessive (AR); but maternally-inherited [from mitochondrial (mt) DNA], autosomal dominant and X-linked inheritance are also known. Mitochondria are unique energy-generating cellular organelles, geared for survival and contain their own unique genetic coding material, a circular piece of mtDNA about 16,000 base pairs in size. Additional nuclear (n)DNA encoded genes maintain mitochondrial biogenesis by supervising mtDNA replication, repair and synthesis, which is modified during increased energy demands or physiological stress. Despite our growing knowledge of the hundreds of genetic etiologies for this group of disorders, diagnosis can also remain elusive due to unique aspects of mitochondrial genetics. Though cure and FDA-approved therapies currently elude these IEMs, and current suggested therapies which include nutritional supplements and vitamins are of questionable efficacy; multi-center, international clinical trials are in progress for primary mitochondrial disorders.
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PMID:Mitochondrial disorders. 3074 Apr 6

Verbal communication is one of the most sophisticated human motor skills reflecting both-the mental and physical health of an individual. Voice parameters and quality changes are usually secondary towards functional and/or structural laryngological alterations under specific systemic processes, syndrome and pathologies. These include but are not restricted to dry mouth and Sicca syndromes, body dehydration, hormonal alterations linked to pubertal, menopausal, and andropausal status, respiratory disorders, gastrointestinal reflux, autoimmune diseases, endocrinologic disorders, underweight versus overweight and obesity, and diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, it is well-established that stress overload is a significant risk factor of cascading pathologies, including but not restricted to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancers. Our current study revealed voice perturbations under the stress overload as a potentially useful biomarker to identify individuals in suboptimal health conditions who might be strongly predisposed to associated pathologies. Contextually, extended surveys applied in the population might be useful to identify, for example, persons at high risk for respiratory complications under pandemic conditions such as COVID-19. Symptoms of dry mouth syndrome, disturbed microcirculation, altered sense regulation, shifted circadian rhythm, and low BMI were positively associated with voice perturbations under the stress overload. Their functional interrelationships and relevance for cascading associated pathologies are presented in the article. Automated analysis of voice recordings via artificial intelligence (AI) has a potential to derive digital biomarkers. Further, predictive machine learning models should be developed that allows for detecting a suboptimal health condition based on voice recordings, ideally in an automated manner using derived digital biomarkers. Follow-up stratification and monitoring of individuals in suboptimal health conditions are recommended using disease-specific cell-free nucleic acids (ccfDNA, ctDNA, mtDNA, miRNA) combined with metabolic patterns detected in body fluids. Application of the cost-effective targeted prevention within the phase of reversible health damage is recommended based on the individualised patient profiling.
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PMID:Voice perturbations under the stress overload in young individuals: phenotyping and suboptimal health as predictors for cascading pathologies. 3320 9