Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen patients with symptomatic cryoglobulinaemia were subjected to apheretic treatment when acute renal insufficiency, glomerulonephritis, severe generalized vasculitis and polyneuropathy unresponsive to conventional therapy or complications due to steroids, such as vertebral collapse, peptic ulcer and steroid diabetes, had appeared. Treatment was performed by discontinuous flow centrifugation or cascade filtration: when discontinuous flow centrifugation was employed, a mixture of saline, gelatin and fresh frozen plasma was used for replacement. Cytotoxic drugs were administered to patients with lymphoma (4 patients) or chronic active hepatitis (5 patients) and also to patients suffering from essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia. Exchanges were organized into courses of 3 to 5 sessions over 5 to 10 days and employed as a supportive measure. No patient underwent long-term treatment. A complete resolution of kidney damage, skin involvement and neurologic signs was observed when treatment was started early in the course of the disease, whereas unequivocal but moderate improvement was obtained in the case of long-lasting symptoms such as polyneuropathy. Relapses were seen in most patients when cytotoxic drugs had been discontinued abruptly. In 8 patients the solubility of cryoglobulins was studied by a recently developed turbidimetric assay. Following treatment the solubility increased; when solubility decreased, 2 patients of this group had a relapse. On the basis of these preliminary observations it appears that the possibility of predicting relapsing disease or the need of continuing therapy can eventually be achieved.
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PMID:Plasmapheresis and cytotoxic drugs for mixed cryoglobulinemia. 653 39

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of 1154 patients with biopsy-proven CAH observed in 12 Italian referral liver units. The data obtained at the time of hospitalization were recorded and computerized. The data were analyzed for the presence or absence of HBsAg, sex, classes of age and three different degrees of the histological severity of CAH (mild, severe, with cirrhosis). HBsAg was present in 700 patients (61%). As compared with HBsAg negative patients HBsAg positive patients were younger, showed higher values of aminotransferases, were more frequent males and less frequently showed histological evidence of cirrhosis and associated diseases (diabetes, peptic ulcer and biliary stones). Patients younger than 15 years showed higher AST and lower gammaglobulins levels than patients in other age classes. Moreover, both in HBsAg positive and HBsAg negative CAH, patients with cirrhosis were older than patients without histological evidence of cirrhosis.
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PMID:Chronic active hepatitis in Italy: a multicentric study on clinical and laboratory data of 1154 cases. A report from the study group for CAH of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver. 662 2

Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes are classified into three types. Type I occurs in childhood and is characterized by at least two of the following: chronic mucocutaneous candidosis, adrenal failure and hypoparathyroidism. There is also an association with chronic active hepatitis. Type II usually develops in adulthood and is characterized by adrenal failure plus hypothyroidism or diabetes mellitus, or both. Type III consists of thyroid disease and one other organ-specific autoimmune disorder. This classification has potential usefulness in patient management and family screening for autoimmune endocrine diseases.
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PMID:Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes. 670 38

A case of granulomatous prostatitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans is reported. The patient, who had a history of diabetes mellitus and chronic active hepatitis, had symptoms of prostatic hypertrophy. Tissue obtained from surgery showed granulomatous prostatitis, and a cryptococcal organism was identified by special stains. Postoperative cultures grew Cryptococcus neoformans, and the patient was treated successfully with surgery and a short course of amphotericin B. After nine months of follow-up, there is no evidence of systemic infection.
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PMID:Cryptococcal prostatitis. 700 77

A review of 295 patients with autoimmune Addison's disease which occurred as part of a polyglandular autoimmune syndrome is presented. Information of 41 cases was obtained from our clinics and from the examination of medical records, while 254 cases were culled from the literature. We report that autoimmune Addison's disease in association with other autoimmune diseases occurs in at least two distinct types. Addison's disease occurring in Type I polyglandular autoimmune disease (PGA) is associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and/or acquired hypoparathyroidism. The age of onset is predominately in childhood or in the early adult years. Type I PGA syndrome is also frequently associated with chronic active hepatitis, malabsorption, juvenile onset pernicious anemia, alopecia and primary hypogonadism. Insulin requiring diabetes and/or autoimmune thyroid disease are infrequent. In contrast, Addison's disease in Type II PGA is associated with insulin requiring diabetes and/or autoimmune thyroid disease(s). Although the age of onset of Addison's disease in Type II PGA syndrome is not confined to any age group or any specific sex, it occurs predominately in the middle years of life in females. The associated autoimmune diseases found in Type I disease, such as chronic active hepatitis, etc. (see table II) are rare in Type II PGA disease except for a low frequency of gonadal failure. We provide evidence to support the concept that the Addison's diseases in Type I and II PGA syndromes have different genetic bases, as related to HLA haplotypes, and possibly have different underlying pathogeneses.
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PMID:Two types of autoimmune Addison's disease associated with different polyglandular autoimmune (PGA) syndromes. 702 19

Extensive botryomycosis was diagnosed in a patient with diabetes mellitus with chronic active hepatitis. Peptostreptococcus organisms and Staphylococcus aureus grew from the sulfur granule cultures. The patient's neutrophils showed notable inhibition of chemotaxis toward endotoxin-activated normal serum. The patient's serum also had an inhibitor to neutrophil chemotaxis, This inhibiting substance was probably antistreptolysin O. Results of other tests of neutrophil function and skin tests to evaluate cell-mediated immunity were normal.
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PMID:Extensive botryomycosis in a patient with diabetes and chronic active hepatitis. 731 36

Due to inadequate cadaveric and living related organ supply, many end-stage renal disease patients go to third-world countries for living unrelated (paid) kidney transplantation. Thirty-four patients who have had transplantations in two centres in India before coming to our centre for post-transplant care and follow-up are reported in this study. In the post-transplant phase at our centre, the mean follow-up period of the patients was 209.7 +/- 137.3 (range 6-450) days. Fourteen of them, having an uneventful course, were followed on an outpatient clinic basis. The rest of the patients were hospitalized because of the following surgical and/or medical complications, during admission: urinary fistula in two patients; lymphocele in three patients; urinary tract obstruction in two patients; decubitus ulcer in one patient; severe wound infection in one patient; subacute myocardial infarction in one patient; acute irreversible vascular rejection in two patients; urinary tract infection in two patients; pneumonia in two patients; congestive heart failure and severe electrolyte disturbance in two patients; post-transplant diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis in one patient; cyclosporin nephrotoxicity in two patients; cyclosporin nephro-, hepato-, and neurotoxicity in one patient. Plasmodium falciparum malaria in three patients, generalized mucormycosis infection in one patient, and genitourinary aspergillosis in one patient were seen during the first month. Hepatitis B virus infection followed by chronic active hepatitis was diagnosed in two patients, 2 and 4 months after the operation; and Kaposi's sarcoma was noted in another two patients, 1 and 5 months after the operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Living unrelated (paid) kidney transplantation in Third-World countries: high risk of complications besides the ethical problem. 808 44

Since alpha-interferon has been introduced an efficient therapy of chronic active hepatitis has become available for the first time. Among some of the treated patients, however, alpha-interferon therapy causes typical side effects. Fever, chills, loss of weight, fatigue as well as arthralgia, myalgia, loss of concentration and hematologic side effects have to be mentioned in particular. We report the occurrence of a diabetes mellitus under alpha-interferon therapy. The metabolic disorder gradually normalized after 3 weeks of antidiabetic treatment, although the interferon medication had been continued. We consider this disorder to be an effect caused by the alpha-interferon. The underlying mechanism might be an insulin resistance or an autoimmunologic defect. For that reason, when administering alpha-interferon, we recommend regular analyses of the blood sugar level during the regular patient monitoring.
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PMID:[Transient insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with alpha-interferon therapy in chronic active hepatitis]. 825 76

The risk factors of retinopathy associated with administration of interferon have not been fully clarified. We prospectively examined the retinal condition in 50 patients with type C chronic active hepatitis during alpha-interferon treatment. 43 patients (86%) were shown to have retinopathy during the course of interferon treatment, and were divided into three groups. Grades I, II and III were patients having a single episode of transient retinopathy with soft exudate or hemorrhage (34%), frequent episodes of retinopathy (42%), and exacerbating retinopathy requiring change or cessation of interferon treatment (10%), respectively. The patients with grade II and III were found to have the first retinal changes within 8 weeks after initiation of the interferon therapy. Early onset of retinopathy and presence of systemic disease such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension were risk factors for serious retinopathy with statistical significance. The grades of retinopathy were also well correlated with dosage and duration of interferon treatment. These results suggest that careful fundus examination is required up to 8 weeks after initiation of interferon treatment, especially for the patients with risk factors such as early onset of retinopathy, presence of systemic diseases, and large dosages and long duration of interferon therapy, in order to prevent serious ocular complications.
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PMID:[Evaluation of risk factors of interferon-associated retinopathy in patients with type C chronic active hepatitis]. 864 32

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of gallstones in patients with chronic active liver disease in relation to age, sex, family history of gallstones, number of pregnancies, obesity, diabetes mellitus, aetiology of liver disease and presence or not of cirrhosis. We studied 508 patients (411 with liver cirrhosis and 97 with chronic active hepatitis) by ultrasonography. Overall prevalence of gallstones and previous cholecystectomy was 22.6% and 8.5%, respectively. A higher prevalence of gallstones was found in the subjects studied, matched for sex and age, than in the general Italian population. Univariate analysis of data showed that the prevalence of gallstones is higher in females and increases with age in both sexes and with the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis. No significant association was found between gallstones and lithogenic familiarity, obesity, diabetes mellitus, number of pregnancies and alcohol abuse. In multiple logistic regression analysis of data, female sex, increasing age and cirrhosis in the whole series, age in males and cirrhosis in females proved to be the only independent variables associated with gallstones.
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PMID:Cholelithiasis in patients with chronic active liver disease: evaluation of risk factors. 877 68


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