Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

6059-S, a new oxacephem antibiotic was applied in the clinical use of gynecological and obstetrical infection. 1. In obstetrical field, attention should be paid on choice of antibiotics in the case of maternal infection. Especially in the trimester of pregnancy, such drugs as ampicillin (ABPC) has been reported apparent unfavourable effects by decreasing the estriol (E3) level. 2. The comparative study between 6059-S, SBPC and ABPC was performed by various hormone level, including E3 (blood and urine), blood progesterone, alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), cortisol and human placental lactogen (HPL). 9 cases of intrauterine fetal growth retardation (IUGR) (ranging from 28 approximately 36 weeks of pregnancy) was selected, including toxemia of pregnancy or complicated pregnancy of myoma of uterus and diabetes mellitus. The determination of hormone level, one drug (2g) out of three test drug was chosen at random and administered by intravenous infusion on 3 approximately 4 days after admission. After 5 days of interval, another test dose was given, and the evaluation between the drug effects was performed on the hormonal level. 3. Following the single administration of ABPC (2 g) by intravenous infusion, the decrease of urinary E3 reached 26% on the 2 days after injection. As for SBPC the decrease was 21%, while in cases 6059-S, no apparent change was determined. Statistical difference between 6059-S and ABPC 5% by chi 2 determination was found. On the other hormonal level, there was relatively great individual difference, and the apparent day by day change was undeterminable. 4. Clinical estimation of 6095-S on the gynecological infection was also performed on the 7 cases of patients. The overall efficacy rate was 85.7%. No adverse reaction was observed except one case elevation of S-GPT.
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PMID:[Clinical application of 6059-S in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Effects on gynecological infection and infection of trimester of pregnancy (author's transl)]. 645 70

Fifteen insulin-dependent diabetic (White's class B-C) and 10 healthy pregnant women were examined from the 12th to the 36th wk. Every 4 wk, a blood sample was drawn to determine total estriol, progesterone, placental lactogen and prolactin. Throughout the pregnancy, total estriol and progesterone in diabetic and non-diabetic women are very similar. On the contrary, the PRL levels are constantly lower in diabetic pregnant women, even though the difference is statistically significant only for the 24th wk determination. The hPL level is instead significantly lower in diabetic pregnant women at the 12th, 20th, 24th, 32nd and 36th wk. A negative correlation exists between the hPL value and the mean blood glucose level, performed the same day as the hormonal test. This correlation is statistically significant at the 12th, 16th, 20th, 28th and 36th wk. No significant difference is found between the two groups examined for the delivery week, the placental weight, the birth weight and the fetal body weight index. To conclude, while estriol and progesterone are not affected by the higher variability of glucose levels during pregnancy in diabetics, compared to normals, hPL and perhaps also PRL may be influenced by the mild hyperglycemia consequent to diabetes.
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PMID:Placental lactogen, progesterone, total estriol and prolactin plasma levels in pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 673 79

Sp1, the pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein, was studied in normal and pathologic pregnancies. We developed a highly specific and sensitive double-antibody-radioimmunoassay by radioiodination of purified placental SP1. This RIA allowed the estimation of SP1 concentrations as low as 2 ng/ml. In a collective of 227 women with normal pregnancies we established the normal distribution curve in maternal plasma from the fifth week of gestation to term. The median value rose steadily from 3 microgram/ml in the 8th week to 140 microgram/ml in the 36th week when a plateau was formed. In more than 400 patients with pregnancies complicated by a variety of pathologic disorders the SP1 levels were controlled by either single assays or serial estimations throughout pregnancy and were compared with the normal distribution range. SP1 was also determined in about 200 samples of amniotic fluid gained by amniocentesis and during parturition of normal pregnant women from the 13th gestational week until term. The normal range was established up to the 20th w.o.p. The concentrations rose from below 0.2 microgram/ml in early pregnancy to 3 microgram/ml and generally amounted to approximately 1% of the respective serum value. Pathologic cases with diverse chromosomal anomalies, Rh-incompatibility, anencephaly, hydramnios and other abnormal conditions were examined. From these only twin-pregnancies with slightly elevated levels and cases with fetal trisomies with reduced SP1 concentrations showed aberrations from the normal distribution. The estimation of serum concentrations in mothers with diabetes or Rh-incompatibility were not significantly different from the normal collective. In diabetes a characteristic course of the follow-up curves was observed. Abortion in early pregnancy was frequently but not always indicated by reduced SP1 values. Threatened abortion with subsequent continuation of pregnancy exhibited SP1 values scattered within the normal range. Since the radioimmunological determination of SP1 is possible in the early stage of gestation (from week 8) it may serve as a useful tool for prediction at times when the determination of placental lactogen is not yet possible. In pregnancies with "small-for-date babies" the correlation between SP1 in maternal plasma and fetal growth retardation was reflected in a pronounced tendency to low SP1 levels. Serial determinations of SP1 in the serum of women with EPH-gestosis were compared with the corresponding HPL determinations and showed the equality of SP1 concerning the assessment of the placental function.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay of SP1 (pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein) in maternal blood and in amniotic fluid normal and pathologic pregnancies. 678 88

Serum human placental lactogen levels (HPL) were measured serially during the last three weeks before full term deliveries of 69 normal and 60 high risk pregnant women with the method of latex agglutination (Gestefollow 'Eiken'). Except pregnancies complicated with diabetes mellitus, no fetal distress were observed when deliveries were made while HPL levels were increasing. The incidence of fetal distress was only 3.7 per cent when the range of variation of HPL levels was within 20 per cent for 3 weeks before delivery. On the contrary, the incidence of fetal distress increased to 29.4 per cent when infants were delivered after decreasing of HPL levels to less than 80 per cent of the highest HPL levels. It was also demonstrated that single determinations of HPL levels were not clinically useful in predicting fetal distress or fetal growth retardation.
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PMID:[Management of fetuses in the late pregnancy by serial determinations of serum human placental lactogen levels]. 717 78

Authors have studied plasma human placental lactogen (HPL) an oestriol levels in 37 pregnant women affected by severe hypertensive disorders, diabetes mellitus, bad obstetric history, intrauterine growth retardation. They point out validity of associated and seriated dosages of these hormones because they are expression of foetus wellbeing and of placental function to survey high risk pregnancies.
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PMID:Serial plasma levels of oestriol and HPL in high risk pregnancies. 724 55

A retrospective study has been undertaken to assess the diagnostic value of plasma estriol (E3) determinations, as compared with determinations of other biochemical parameters, in predicting the outcome of pregnancy. The normal levels of plasma unconjugated and total E3 were determined on weekly samples obtained during the third trimester of 258 normal pregnancies. Weekly concurrent specimens of plasma and 24-hour urine collections were obtained from 17 high-risk pregnancies associated with hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation and diabetes. Determination of plasma unconjugated and total E3 were made along with human placental lactogen (HPL), urinary E3, and other biophysical parameters such as the oxytocin challenge test, non-stressed test, ultrasonography, etc. The results of plasma E3 were not reported nor used for the clinical management of the patient. The data suggests that weekly plasma determinations were of little value in the assessment of feto-placental status. Some observations on the extent of variability of plasma E3 are discussed.
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PMID:Plasma estrogens in the assessment of fetoplacental function. 729 20

Radioimmunologic techniques were used to determine 2 primary bile acids (cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid) and 1 secondary bile acid (deoxycholic acid) from human amniotic fluid of healthy pregnant women and from patients with diabetes, toxemia, or intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy. In general, the mean bile acid concentrations in the amniotic fluid were very similar to those in the serum, although in paired samples from individual patients these 2 values did not correlate significantly. Very high levels of the 2 primary bile acids were measured from the amniotic fluid of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. The mean values were about 70 times higher than those in the controls. Amniotic fluid cholic acid content was slightly elevated in diabetic and toxemic patients, too. Deoxycholic acid was consistently found in the amniotic fluid specimens, but there was no change in its concentration among the various groups. In this limited series of patients, no significant correlation was found between the bile acid concentrations in the amniotic fluid and signs of fetal distress at the time of amniocentesis, although the lowest maternal serum estriol and human placental lactogen values were associated with the highest amniotic fluid bile acid concentrations. The condition of the newborn infants did not correlate with amniotic fluid bile acid concentrations in any of the patient groups studied. It thus appears that high amniotic fluid bile acid content present a threat to the fetus, but further studies are needed to clarify this point.
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PMID:Amniotic fluid bile acids in normal and pathologic pregnancy. 738 89

Human placental lactogen (HPL) was analyzed in 52 samples of amniotic fluid. Assays of liquor HPL appear to aid in the evaluation of the degree of fetal involvement with erythroblastosys. The measurement of HPL in amniotic fluid may yet be proved also in the management of mothers with diabetes.
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PMID:[Placental lactogen (HPL) in amniotic fluid]. 744 59

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased rate of fetal macrosomia. We describe the outcome of two pregnancies complicated by GDM occurring 2 years apart in a normal-weight woman. Despite adequate maternal blood glucose control during gestation, both infants were markedly oversized at birth (birth weight and length exceeded normal means by 3 and 2 S.D., respectively). The placental weights were far above normal. At birth, the siblings shared the typical appearance of a diabetes fetopathy. The first one developed transient, the second persistent neonatal hypoglycemia associated with hyperinsulinemia, that needed treatment with diazoxide for 2.5 months. Both infants normalized their growth rates during the following months; their psychomotor development assessed at 2 years and at 9 months of age, respectively, was normal. During the last trimester of the second pregnancy, the plasma concentration of placental lactogen (PL) increased to a very high level (19 micrograms/l). The maternal early insulin response to glucose increased significantly with gestation and was much above that in the non-pregnant state. This rise in insulin response could not compensate for the concomitant decrease in insulin sensitivity as assessed by the minimal model according to Bergman [2]. The pronounced fetal macrosomia described cannot be attributed to GDM only. We speculate that excess activity of lactogenic hormones like PL beside glucose contribute to exaggerated fetal beta-cell function with growth acceleration and neonatal hypoglycemia. This hypothesis is in accordance with in vitro evidence indicating that PL may have an important role in the regulation of the maternal and fetal beta-cell mass and function.
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PMID:Gestational diabetes mellitus and paradoxical fetal macrosomia--a case report. 763 72

Throughout gestation, maternal insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) increases progressively despite suppressed pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion. We have previously shown that in normal pregnancy, a specific placental GH variant, rather than human placental lactogen (hPL), substitutes for pituitary GH in the regulation of maternal IGF-I. We studied the maternal IGF-I secretion in a cohort of 286 normal and abnormal pregnancies (617 blood samples). Regardless of pathology and gestational age, IGF-I values correlated with corresponding placental GH but not with hPL values. Similar correlations were evidenced for each 2-wk gestational period between 32 and 39 wk. In pathological pregnancies, when only those hormonal results that are obtained before any treatment are considered and diabetes is excluded, IGF-I levels were closely related to corresponding placental GH, but not to hPL. In women with a fetoplacental unit disorder, low placental GH levels resulted in low IGF-I and in a secondary pituitary GH increase, whereas in patients without detectable impairment of the fetoplacental unit normal placental GH corresponded to normal IGF-I. These results suggest that in pathological as well as in normal pregnancy, placental GH, and not hPL, substitutes for pituitary GH to regulate the maternal IGF-I secretion.
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PMID:Regulation of maternal IGF-I by placental GH in normal and abnormal human pregnancies. 823 32


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