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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To test the hypothesis that histamine receptors mediate increased blood-retinal barrier permeability in experimental diabetes, 51 rats were made diabetic by streptozocin injection (65 mg/kg; jugular vein) and were held for four weeks. The seven animal groups were as follows: untreated controls; untreated diabetic rats; diabetic rats receiving diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl); diabetic rats receiving cimetidine hydrochloride (Tagamet); diabetic rats receiving diphenhydramine and cimetidine; diabetic rats receiving purified pork insulin (Iletin II); and diabetic rats receiving insulin and diphenhydramine. All treatments were given during the last week. Blood-retinal barrier permeability was assessed through measurement of the vitreous content of fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated to bovine serum albumin (FITCBSA) after 20 minutes of FITCBSA circulation. Vitreous FITCBSA content of the diabetic group was 64% greater than control content. Diabetic rats treated with either diphenhydramine or diphenhydramine and insulin had respective decreases of 43% and 40% in vitreous FITCBSA content. The vitreous content of the diabetic group receiving insulin was lowered 37% below untreated diabetic values, while the vitreous FITCBSA content of the diabetic group receiving both insulin and diphenhydramine was reduced 63%. These data indicate that retinal histamine H1-receptor activation may be partially responsible for initial blood-retinal barrier leakage of macromolecules into the vitreous and that this abnormal leakage can be prevented both by diphenhydramine and by insulin. Histamine H1 receptors may play an important role in mediating increased blood-retinal barrier permeability in experimental diabetes.
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PMID:Histamine H1 receptors mediate increased blood-retinal barrier permeability in experimental diabetes. 252 87

The clinical value of prospective measurement of several direct and indirect measures of blood glucose control in the management of Type 1 diabetes has been investigated. Ninety-eight Type 1 diabetic patients were followed over a period of 1 year after a 6-week period of intensification of management, with monthly measurements of blood glucose profiles and 3-monthly HbA1, glycosylated serum albumin, and fructosamine measurements. All measures improved markedly after the initial 6-week period (p less than 0.001), and all except glycosylated serum albumin and fructosamine then remained relatively stable. Of fourteen serial comparisons, glycosylated blood proteins were significantly correlated more often with levels of mean blood glucose and M value (on 4-7 occasions, rs 0.30-0.58) than with fasting blood glucose levels (on only 2-3 occasions, rs 0.34-0.44). Serum fructosamine levels correlated significantly with mean blood glucose on four occasion (rs 0.30-0.50), whilst glycosylated serum albumin and HbA1 correlated with mean blood glucose on six occasions (rs 0.36-0.54). Glycosylated serum albumin correlated with HbA1 and fructosamine levels throughout the year (rs 0.47-0.68 and 0.48-0.76, respectively), but HbA1 and fructosamine were less clearly correlated with each other (rs 0.38-0.44), with no significant association immediately after the period of intensive management or 3 months later.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:An analysis of glycosylated blood proteins and blood glucose profiles over one year in patients with type 1 diabetes. 253 6

Nonenzymatic glycation by glucose (glucation) was compared with glycation by fructose (fructation). The rate and extent of protein-bound fluorescence generation upon fructation was about 10 times that upon glucation. In contrast, nonenzymatically glucated bovine serum albumin (BSA) released about twice as much formaldehyde upon periodate oxidation as did nonenzymatically fructated BSA. However, the rate of blocking of amino groups was similar in both proteins. Periodate oxidation of borohydride-reduced glycated BSA led to regeneration of amino groups with preservation of fluorescence. From the ratio between the decrease in formaldehyde-releasing ability and the regenerated amino groups, formaldehyde molar yields of 0.47 and 0.8 were computed for fructose- and glucose-derived Amadori groups, respectively. This is consistent with participation of both carbon 1 and carbon 3 in the Amadori rearrangement from fructose. The formaldehyde releasing ability of nonenzymatically fructated BSA attains asymptotic maximum values earlier than that of nonenzymatically glucated BSA. Thus, the higher rate of fluorescence generation in nonenzymatically fructated BSA could be explained by a faster conversion of its Amadori groups. Since fluorescence generation through the Maillard reaction has been correlated with long term complications of diabetes mellitus, the participation of nonenzymatic fructation in this pathological state deserves further exploration. This is especially relevant in tissues where fructose levels increase in diabetes as a result of the operation of the sorbitol pathway.
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PMID:Nonenzymatic glycation of bovine serum albumin by fructose (fructation). Comparison with the Maillard reaction initiated by glucose. 253 88

Western blotting of either a cloned rat beta-islet tumour cell extract or isolated BB rat islets with rat anti-bovine serum albumin antiserum revealed a cross-reacting protein (Mr = 69,000). A protein of similar molecular size was observed by fluorography in proteins immunoprecipitated from islet cells labelled with (35S)-methionine using anti-bovine serum albumin antiserum. In comparing the primary structure of the beta subunits of the proteins Ia, DQ and DR a region of homology with bovine serum albumin became evident. Analysis of the amino-acid homology in relation to the DR/DQ allotypes found in the human population gave a strong correlation between the combined DR and DQ homology score with bovine serum albumin and the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Res 1989 Mar
PMID:Could bovine serum albumin be the initiating antigen ultimately responsible for the development of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus? 255 21

125I-bovine serum albumin (BSA) permeation of the vasculature of 3-wk-old granulation tissue (induced by subcutaneous implantation of polyester fabric) formed in the diabetic milieu was assessed in female BB/W, spontaneously diabetic rats and in male, Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes as well as in corresponding nondiabetic controls. Albumin permeation of new granulation tissue vessels was markedly increased in both groups of diabetic animals relative to that of nondiabetic controls, while albumin permeation of vessels in most other tissues did not differ for controls and diabetics. These observations indicate that the functional integrity of new vessels formed in the diabetic milieu is impaired: (1) to a greater extent than that of older vessels formed before induction of diabetes and (2) relative to new vessels in nondiabetics. The implication of these observations is that molecular constituents of vessels synthesized in the diabetic milieu are quantitatively and/or qualitatively abnormal and/or their incorporation into vessels is defective.
Diabetes 1985 Apr
PMID:Albumin permeation of new vessels is increased in diabetic rats. 257 4

Coronary vascular hemodynamics, albumin permeation, and myocyte contractility were assessed in isolated hearts from 6-mo alloxan-induced diabetic (ALX-D) rabbits during 3 h of reperfusion after 40 min of global no-flow ischemia. Residue-detection data, generated during the single passage of a bolus of 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin (125I-BSA) through the coronary vasculature, were used to estimate indices of vascular function, including the mean transit time of 125I-BSA, the fractional rate of intravascular clearance of 125I-BSA, and 125I-BSA permeation of coronary vessels. During reflow after ischemia in hearts from control rabbits, vascular resistance increased approximately three times that at baseline, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) increased 8-10 times, and maximum +dP/dt recovered 0.4 times baseline, whereas the fractional rate of washout of intravascular 125I-BSA decreased to less than one-half of baseline values (was prolonged 2-fold), and albumin permeation and mean-transit time were increased 3 and 5 times baseline, respectively. In hearts from diabetic rabbits, vascular resistance was similar to the control group before ischemia but increased only one-third as much during reflow after ischemia. Increases in LVEDP during reflow were approximately 50% lower than controls, and +dP/dt recovered approximately 2.5 times more than in control hearts. 125I-BSA permeation in diabetics was similar to controls before ischemia, but during reflow increased 6 times (approximately 2 times controls). Washout of intravascular 125I-BSA was prolonged approximately 20% versus baseline during 3 h of reflow in hearts from diabetic rabbits. Thus, ALX-D in the rabbit delayed ischemia-reperfusion injury to myocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells while increasing vascular albumin permeation.
Diabetes 1989 Nov
PMID:Myocyte contracture, vascular resistance, and vascular permeability after global ischemia in isolated hearts from alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. 262 Jul 82

A new method is described for the large-scale purification of human pancreatic islets with a discontinuous gradient of bovine serum albumin formed on an IBM 2991 cell separator. Fifteen human pancreases were processed, and after density-gradient centrifugation, a mean of 2643 islets/ml pancreatic digest were recovered with a mean purity of 63% and contained in 430 microliter mean vol. Viability of gradient-isolated islets was compared with that of non-density-gradient islets (handpicked) and showed no difference in function. This technique allows isolation of intact, viable human islets of Langerhans of sufficient purity for potential human transplantation.
Diabetes 1989 Jan
PMID:Large-scale purification of human islets utilizing discontinuous albumin gradient on IBM 2991 cell separator. 264 39

Studies of zinc status in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have shown contradictory results. Zinc is essential for many enzymes involved in the human metabolism and may play a role in the biosynthesis and storage of insulin in the B-cell. We therefore prospectively followed 26 patients (14 males and 12 females) with newly diagnosed IDDM in order to determine the plasma zinc variation at the time of diagnosis and after 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Seventy-two healthy persons (36 males and 36 females) served as controls. Only minor differences in plasma zinc were demonstrated during the first 2 years of IDDM. A sex difference was found in healthy controls but only after 24 months in the diabetics. Quantitative changes of the B-cell function, development of insulin antibodies, age, body weight and serum albumin did not correlate with the course of plasma zinc.
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PMID:Plasma zinc concentrations during the first 2 years after diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. 266 60

We have studied associations between various direct measures of glycaemia and glycated blood proteins in 113 subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and examined whether or not the 'fructosamine' assay results were affected by differing patient serum concentrations of lipids, albumin or C peptide. Serum fructosamine correlated less closely with HbA1 (r = 0.44) than did HbA1 with glycated serum albumin (GSA) (r = 0.68). Serum fructosamine and GSA also were poorly correlated (r = 0.48). Although fructosamine, HbA1 and GSA correlated to a similar degree with fasting blood glucose (r range 0.34 to 0.37), GSA was most closely related to mean blood glucose (r = 0.39 vs. 0.30-0.35) and the M value (a marker of diurnal glycaemic instability) (r = 0.42 vs. 0.33-0.35). The serum concentration of fructosamine was not significantly affected by a variation in serum cholesterol, but tended to be lower in subjects with moderate hypertriglyceridaemia (p = 0.05). The fructosamine assay may be altered by moderately lipaemic serum but is not affected by serum albumin concentration in normoalbuminaemic patients with IDDM. Our study indicates, however, that GSA is a more reliable marker of short-term glycaemic control in IDDM than fructosamine.
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PMID:A comparison of direct measures of glycaemia and glycated blood proteins in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 269 74

Serial changes in glycosylated blood proteins and direct measures of glycemia were studied in 100 subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) over a 6-wk period while attempts were made to improve glycemic control. All measures of glycemic control improved significantly (P less than .001). Mean +/- SE glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) fell from 9.1 +/- 0.2 to 8.0 +/- 0.1%, glycosylated serum albumin (GSA) from 9.8 +/- 0.4 to 7.3 +/- 0.3%, and fructosamine from 3.92 +/- 0.08 to 3.42 +/- 0.07 mM. Fasting blood glucose levels fell from 11.1 +/- 0.6 to 8.1 +/- 0.7 mM mean blood glucose levels from 12.5 +/- 0.3 to 8.8 +/- 0.03 mM, and the M value from 118 +/- 7 to 40 +/- 3 U. Mean percentage changes in direct measures of glycemia (32-66%) and GSA (29%) were greater than for fructosamine (11%) or HbA, (12%) levels (P less than .001). Furthermore, the correlation between the change in GSA and changes in direct measures of glycemia over the initial 2-wk period was significantly different from the corresponding correlations between direct measures of glycemia and fructosamine over this period (P less than .05-.01). Changes in GSA also correlated more closely than HbA1 or fructosamine did with direct measures of glycemia after 4 and 6 wk. The Spearman rank-correlation coefficient (rs) of absolute changes in GSA, fructosamine, and HbA1 after 2-6 wk ranged from 0.27 to 0.57, confirming that the three measures responded differently to changing glycemic control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Care
PMID:Relative clinical usefulness of glycosylated serum albumin and fructosamine during short-term changes in glycemic control in IDDM. 269 9


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