Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this study was to determine the probabilities of specific morbid events or death among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated by hemodialysis. A prospective cohort study was performed between March 1988 and September 1989 in 18 hemodialysis centers in 13 Canadian cities, representing about one third of the hemodialysis population in Canada. The inception cohort consisted of 496 patients entering hemodialysis who had survived 1 month. The few new hemodialysis patients who received erythropoietin (EPO) in the last 3 months of the study were excluded. Survival curves were compared using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Older age and history of cardiovascular disease were independently associated with a greater probability of death. Age and history of cardiovascular disease were also associated with a greater probability of nonfatal circulatory events (myocardial infarction, angina requiring hospitalization, or stroke), while a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L (3.0 g dL) was associated with an increased probability of pulmonary edema. The probability of surviving 12 months without receiving a blood transfusion was 47.2% for males and 27.5% for females. The incidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis, as estimated by unexplained elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values, was not different between patients receiving and not receiving blood transfusions. The probability of hospitalization for any cause was greater for patients with grafts for vascular access than for those with fistulae, for those with a history of cardiovascular disease, for those with a serum albumin level less than or equal to 30 g/L, and for those with renal disease due to diabetes or vascular disease. Hospitalization due to circulatory disease was more likely among those with a history of cardiovascular disease and among those with a lower serum albumin level. Hospitalization for infectious disease was more likely among those with a lower serum albumin level and less likely among those with a fistula for vascular access. Among all patients receiving hemodialysis treatment for more than 6 months, there were 14.8 hospital days per year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Canadian Hemodialysis Morbidity Study. 155 66

Pyrraline is one of the major Maillard compounds resulting from the reaction of glucose with amino compounds at slightly acidic pH. For in vivo studies, monoclonal pyrraline antibodies were raised after immunization of Balb/c mice with keyhole limpet hemocyamin-caproyl pyrraline conjugate. Of 660 hybridoma clones from one donor, 260 produced an antibody to the free hapten, two of which named Pyr-A and Pyr-B also cross-reacted with L-lysyl pyrraline. Using Pyr-B antibody and an ELISA, a gradual increase in pyrraline immunoreactivity was observed in serum albumin incubated with glucose or 3-deoxyglucosone. Plasma pyrraline levels increased fourfold (P less than 0.001) in Sprague-Dawley rats upon induction of diabetes with streptozotocin and were twofold increased in randomly selected plasmas from diabetic humans. Highly specific pyrraline immunoreactivity was detected in sclerosed glomeruli from diabetic and old normal kidneys as well as in renal arteries with arteriolosclerosis and in perivascular and peritubular sclerosed extracellular matrix and basement membranes. The preferential localization of pyrraline immunoreactivity in the extracellular matrix strengthens the notion that the advanced glycosylation reaction may contribute to decreased turnover and thickening of the extracellular matrix in diabetes and aging.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of advanced glycosylation end products in diabetic tissues using monoclonal antibody to pyrraline. 155 77

From the viewpoint of the high frequency of mild hypothermia in patients with senile dementia, we investigated causative factors in comparison with accidental hypothermia. We also investigated the relationship between hypothermia and the type or grade of dementia. A total of 127 demented cases including 30 males and 97 females, whose mean age was 80.6 +/- 8.9 years, were classified into 3 groups according to the axillary temperature measured in August 1989. Group A consisted of 33 cases whose body temperature was below 36 degrees C on more than 25 days. Group C consisted of 24 cases whose body temperature was above 36 degrees C on more than 25 days, and the remaining 70 cases were classified as group B. The frequency of group A classification in demented patients was higher than age-matched non-demented controls (26% vs 13%, p less than 0.05). In demented males, serum total cholesterol, serum albumin, and hemoglobin were significantly higher in group A than in group B or C. Body weight and serum triglyceride were also higher in group A, but not significantly. In demented females, serum albumin and hemoglobin were higher in groups A and B than group C. In addition, cases with diabetes mellitus or cases receiving with major tranquilizers were more frequent in group A, and the index of activities of daily living was higher in group A, in both sexes. Factors such as age, CRP or thyroid hormone (free T3, free T4) showed no significant difference among the 3 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Mild hypothermia in patients with senile dementia]. 156 Jun 9

Glycation is a non-enzymatic modification of proteins by sugars, probably responsible for the initiation of complications in diabetes patients and aging individuals. Our in vitro experiments show an inhibition of sugar attachment in the presence of Diclofenac. The levels of advanced glycation products, measured as specific fluorescent groups, were also lowered due to Diclofenac. These results were compared with inhibition by Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), a known inhibitor of the glycation process. The protection by Diclofenac is based on a non-covalent interaction of the drug with serum albumin. There is evidence that Diclofenac specifically blocks at least one of the major glycation sites of human serum albumin.
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PMID:Glycation of human serum albumin: inhibition by Diclofenac. 156 87

In an investigation into the effect of prostaglandin E1 on proteinuria in nephrotic diabetic nephropathy, five patients were treated with 40 micrograms prostaglandin E1 administered intravenously over 2 h twice daily for 4 weeks. The following parameters were compared before and after treatment: protein excretion in urine; total serum protein concentration; serum albumin concentration; creatinine clearance; blood urea nitrogen; and serum creatinine content. A further five patients with nephropathy resulting from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were selected as controls. Analysis of the results using Student's t-test showed no significant change in any of the parameters before and after treatment.
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PMID:Influence of prostaglandin E1 on slight proteinuria in non-azotaemic diabetics. 156 24

Following esophagectomy, restoration of swallowing by gastric tube interposition with cervical esophagogastric anastomosis reduces morbidity and mortality associated with intrathoracic anastomoses at the expense of an increased incidence of both anastomotic leak and stricture formation. A retrospective study of 165 patients with either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus or gastric cardia undergoing esophagogastrectomy with gastric tube interposition and cervical anastomosis at Vancouver, British Columbia, or London, Ontario, was undertaken. Forced-entry multiple logistic regression analysis of factors believed to influence anastomotic outcome was performed. Anastomotic leak occurred in 17% of patients; statistically significant correlation with low preoperative serum albumin (p = 0.005), running suture technique (p = 0.029), high intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.038), and the occurrence of postoperative delayed gastric emptying (p = 0.045) was found. Anastomotic strictures occurred in 31% of patients; a statistically significant correlation was found with preceding anastomotic leak (p = 0.001) and intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.042). Factors including preoperative radiotherapy and diabetes mellitus were not found to be significant.
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PMID:Factors affecting cervical anastomotic leak and stricture formation following esophagogastrectomy and gastric tube interposition. 157 3

The effects of bound fatty acids and nonenzymatic glycosylation (NEG) on tryptophan binding to human serum albumin (HSA) were examined utilizing a rate of dialysis technique. HSA with 0, 1, 2, 3, or 5 mol of palmitate bound per mol of HSA was glycosylated in vitro to a level exceeding that seen in diabetes. NEG was not inhibited by fatty acids, suggesting that Lys-525, the primary site for NEG, is not an essential component of the principal sites for long-chain fatty acid binding to HSA. Scatchard analysis of binding data showed an expected fatty acid dependent decrease in the number of available tryptophan binding sites, but showed that fatty acids did not affect tryptophan affinity. The binding data failed to show an effect of NEG on tryptophan binding. The lack of inhibition of tryptophan binding by NEG suggests that drug-binding Site II, the indole/benzodiazepine site, is resistant to both NEG and to any conformational changes in HSA which may occur with NEG. These data suggest that elevated plasma free tryptophan and the resulting altered serotonin metabolism seen in diabetes are independent of increased NEG and likely result from diabetic hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Effects of nonenzymatic glycosylation and fatty acids on tryptophan binding to human serum albumin. 157 75

We investigated the clinical feature of 22 diabetic patients diagnosed as having recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis. More than half of the patients relapsed within five years after discharge from the hospital. The mean serum albumin concentration of those patients who experienced relapses within three years was significantly lower than that of the patients who experienced relapses a period of time greater than three years. We recognized a significant negative correlation between the recurrent period and body mass index or fasting plasma glucose values. Among these patients, 50% of them ceased treatment for diabetes mellitus personally or had not been diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus before the relapse. All of the patients who ceased treatment for diabetes mellitus before readmission were able to obtain good plasma glucose control only through diet therapy during their first hospital admission for pulmonary tuberculosis. From this study, We concluded that strict plasma glucose control is important for the prevention of a relapse of the mycobacterial infection in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Clinical feature of the diabetic patients with recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis]. 160 24

Serum albumin was modified by in vitro glycation with either fructose or glucose, to see whether the common clinical assays for glycation were able to detect both fructose- and glucose-induced changes in protein structure in diabetes. Although fluorescence measurements showed that fructose causes far more protein damage than glucose, neither serum fructosamine (SFA) nor phenylboronate affinity (PBA) glycation assays reflected these changes. The SFA method implied that fructose causes only about 5% of the glycation induced by glucose; with PBA the proportion was 25%. The thiobarbituric acid- and periodate-based assays also greatly underestimated the true extent of fructation. We discuss these discrepancies with respect to the underlying chemistry, emphasizing the difference between aldehydic and ketonic Amadori products (exemplified by fructose and glucose derivatives, respectively). The implications for detecting fructose-induced secondary diabetic complications are also discussed.
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PMID:Failure of common glycation assays to detect glycation by fructose. 162 95

The influence of clinical and laboratory findings on the two-year survival prognosis was investigated in 558 geriatric patients admitted to permanent institutional care. The patients surviving for two years (52%) were somewhat younger (79 vs 82 years, p less than 0.01), and on admission had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.001), serum thyroxin (p less than 0.05), serum albumin (p less than 0.01) and blood haemoglobin (p less than 0.05), but lower treatment score (p less than 0.001), serum creatinine (p less than 0.001), and fasting plasma glucose (p less than 0.05). Decreased survival prognosis was also found in patients with abnormal serum sodium, chloride, and potassium (p less than 0.05 or less). However, an excess mortality of patients with abnormal laboratory data occurred within the first month after admission. Stepwise logistic regression analysis disclosed that the three-month survival prognosis was significantly impaired by low blood pressure (less than 110/70 mmHg), high treatment score (greater than 22), elevated serum creatinine (greater than 150 mumol/L), use of digitalis and atrial fibrillation. Poor two-year survival was further associated with the use of diuretics, and diabetes mellitus. The risk for death was lowest in patients with elevated blood pressure (greater than 160/95 mmHg). These data verify the significance of the clinically common diseases and indicators of homeostasis in the assessment of geriatric hospital patients, and demonstrate the nature of "terminal decline" in geriatric practice.
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PMID:Survival prognosis in geriatric patients admitted to permanent institutional care. 162 79


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