Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five glycoproteins have been measured in the blood of 145 diabetic patients with and without clinical evidence of complications. Patients with diabetic complications have higher glycoproteins levels particularly when expressed as a ratio to serum albumin levels. In 32 pairs of patients matched for age, sex, body weight, duration and treatment of diabetes, significantly higher haptoglobin, fibrinogen and caeruloplasmin levels were associated with the presence of diabetic complications, but blood glucose levels were not significantly different. Beta-lipoprotein levels were positively correlated with age and alpha2-macroglobulin levels with the duration of clinical disease, but the type of antidiabetic therapy administered did not significantly alter glycoprotein levels. It is suggested that rising levels of certain glycoproteins in the blood of diabetic patients may indicate the development of diabetic vascular complications, but a prospective study is required before it can be decided whether this change predates the clinical appearance of the complications.
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PMID:Blood glycoprotein levels in diabetes mellitus. 6 Feb 65

The isolated rat liver perfused for 12 hours at pH 7.10 with a suspension of bovine erythrocytes in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 3 per cent bovine serum albumin has been used as a test system to study effects of glucagon and of dexamethasone in the presence and absence of insulin on net biosynthesis of rat serum albumin, fibrinogen, alpah1-acid glycoprotein, alpha2-(acute phase) globulin, and haptoglobin. Quantitative measurement of perfusate glucose, amino acid nitrogen, and urea affords a basis for determining net glucose and nitrogen balance in the perfusion system. Although the dose of dexamethasone (total 1.0 mug.) used was insufficient to induce synthesis of alpha2-acute phase globulin, net syntheses of albumin, fibrogen, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and haptoglobin were increased. Glucagon given with dexamethasone depressed albumin and haptoglobin synthesis markedly, but not that of fibrinogen and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. Glucagon with dexamethasone markedly enhanced ureogenesis and glycogenolysis and elicited an exaggerated negative nitrogen balance. The unfavorable effects of glucagon on albumin and haptoglobin synthesis and on nitrogen balance were reversed by giving insulin simultaneously. It is emphasized that insulin is essential for positive nitrogen balance.
Diabetes 1976
PMID:Direct effects of glucagon on protein and amino acid metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver. Interactions with insulin and dexamethasone in net synthesis of albumin and acute-phase proteins. 6 Nov 40

A specific, sensitive, and simple radioimmunoassay was developed for the oral hypoglycemic drug glibenclamide, N-4-[2-(5-chloro-2-methoxy-benzamide)-ethyl]-benzenesulfonyl-N'-cyclohexylurea. Antiserum against glibenclamide was obtained from rabbits immunized with an antigen prepared by conjugating the diazonium salt of N(p-amino-benzamidoethyl)-benzenesulfonyl-N'-cyclohexylurea to bovine serum albumin through the diazocoupling. [3H]glibenclamide was used as a tracer. Dextran-coated charcoal was used to separate bound and free [3H]glibenclamide in the reaction mixture. The radioimmunoassay is able to determine as little as 25 pg of glibenclamide directly in plasma without the need for extraction. The antiserum used for the assay was highly specific for glibenclamide, and did not cross-react with two known major metabolites of glibenclamide. Comparable values of glibenclamide in dog plasma were obtained by radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography. Plasma concentrations of glibenclamide in diabetic patients on glibenclamide treatment can be determined by radioimmunoassay, and the method has been applied to the routine assay of clinical samples. This radioimmunoassay seems to be useful for monitoring plasma glibenclamide concentrations.
Diabetes 1979 Mar
PMID:Radioimmunoassay of glibenclamide. 10 37

Cell-mediated immune reactions, such as allogenic skin-graft rejection and PHA or MLC responses, and antibody synthesis against different antigens (sheep erythrocytes, Brucella antigen, bovine serum albumin) have been evaluated in rats suffering from experimentally-induced diabetes and in age-matched sham-treated controls. Cell-mediated immune reactions are strongly depressed diabetic rats. The cellularity of the thymus and of thymus-dependent areas and the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes is significantly reduced in pancreatectomized rats. Moreover, the immunological recovery from heavy cortisonization is also greatly impaired. Daily treatment with insulin may prevent these immunological alterations. By contrast, antibody responses in diabetic rats are not quantitatively altered in respect to either the number of antibody producing cells in the spleen or the circulating antibody titres. The discrepancy between the abnormality of cell-mediated immune reactions in diabetic rats and their physiological capacity to synthetize antibodies suggests that the sensitivity to an insulin-deprived environment is present only in a definite, although yet undefined, subpopulation of lymphoid cells rather than in the whole lymphoid system.
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PMID:Differential effect of pancreatectomy on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. 14 53

Use of an ion exchange chromatographic method and a colorimetric method with thiobarbituric acid showed that levels of nonenzymatically glucosylated serum albumin were increased in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus compared to controls. The two methods correlated well (r = 0.99) and clearly discriminated between normal and poorly controlled diabetic populations. The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin were also measured in both populations. Several patients apparently in good control based on glycosylated hemoglobin measurements were found to have increased levels of glycosylated albumin. Because albumin has a shorter circulating half-life than does the human erythrocyte, the plasma concentration of glucosylated albumin should be expected to reflect short-term control of hyperglycemia in diabetes. The studies reported here suggest that the level of glucosylated albumin may indeed be a sensitive indicator of moderate hyperglycemia and of early glucose intolerance.
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PMID:Enhanced nonenzymatic glucosylation of human serum albumin in diabetes mellitus. 29 61

This paper is based upon a study of all available records of patients certified as having died in hospital from pemphigus and pemphigoid in England and Wales from 1962 to 1969. The results differ from most published series in that many of the 210 patients died still with extensive skin lesions and with biochemical abnormalities, such as low serum albumin, sodium and chloride, which were secondary to this. Side-effects of treatment, such as diabetes, peptic ulceration, and infections, were also important but the commonest immediate causes of death were respiratory tract infections and pulmonary embolism.
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PMID:The events leading to the death of patients with pemphigus and pemphigoid. 39 Dec 61

Liver function tests were performed in severe and mild diabetic rats and under the influence of ATP. In mild diabetics the serum cholesterol was significantly increased, while in severe diabetes the serum cholesterol was significantly lower than in mild diabetes. The decreased serum cholesterol in severe diabetes may be an indication for the development of fatty liver. The serum alkaline phosphatase and serum bilirubin were significantly increased in both the severe and mild diabetic states, while the thymol turbidity test was insignificantly changed in both states of diabetes. Serum albumin was significantly decreased in 10 days mild diabetes, while it was insignificantly changed in 48 hrs severe diabetic animals. The effect of ATP was investigated in mild diabetes. ATP resulted in a significant increase in serum albumin and a decrease in total globulins with the resultant increase in A/G ratio. The serum alkaline phosphatase exhibited a significant reduction under the influence of ATP. The elevated cholesterol of mild diabetic rats remained significantly elevated and was not reduced by ATP, though the fat content of the liver showed a significant reduction. This may be due to more rapid mobilisation of fat from the liver under the influence of ATP. ATP showed no significant effect on serum bilirubin and thymol turbidity test. the histopathological examination of the liver revealed that administration of ATP to alloxan diabetic rats had a beneficial effect. It resulted in disappearrance of the fat globules from the liver cells.
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PMID:Effect of ATP on liver function tests in experimental diabetes. 65 50

Fourteen adults in whom diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease coexist, are described. In no patient was coeliac disease diagnosed (biopsy proven) before the age of 28 years. Diabetes was recognized before coeliac disease in all except one. Diabetic control was very unstable and hypoglycaemia particularly troublesome before treatment with a gluten free diet. Following gluten restriction, insulin requirement increased in six patients, and diabetic control became more stable. Diarrhoea due to coeliac disease in a patient with coexisting diabetes, may be mistakenly diagnosed as 'diabetic diarrhoea'. However, certain clinical and laboratory features should arouse suspicion that the diarrhoea is not of diabetic origin. These included a history of gastrointestinal symptoms preceding the diagnosis of diabetes, the occurrence of repeated hypoglycaemia, absence of neuropathy, anaemia, low serum folate, low serum albumin and a malabsorption pattern on small bowel radiography. A definitive diagnosis of coeliac disease can be made only jejunal biopsy. The opportunity to diagnose coeliac disease in adult diabetics will usually fall to the diabetologist and wider use of jejunal biopsy in diabetics with chronic or recurrent diarrhoea is suggested.
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PMID:Diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease: a clinical study. 67 52

Using clearances of microaggregated iodinated human serum albumin in a serial 'stress test,' defective phagocytosis by the Kupffer cells has been demonstrated in diabetic patients with K.W. nephropathy and proliferative retinopathy. This indicates a disturbance of phagocytic cell function that has implications for the cellular pathology of microangiopathy. The effect is not due to uremia, but could be due to T3 deficiency or lipid deposition. In hypothyroidism, there is defective RES phagocytosis, and alcoholics with hyperlipidemia can have impaired clearances. Hence, patients with advanced diabetes, hypothyroidism, and some alcoholics are at risk from infection.
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PMID:Reticuloendothelial cell dysfunction in diabetes and hyperlipidemia. 69 80

A comparison of serum protein fractions (electrophoretic separation) between control and mild alloxan-diabetic rats examined 10 days after alloxan indicates a decrease in total protein, a decrease in percentage albumin accompanied by a decrease in A/G ratio. In severe diabetic rats examined 48 hours after the administration of alloxan, there were no changes in total protein or in serum-protein fractions. The changes in the serum protein and serum albumin in mild diabetic cases are not the result of the degree of diabetes only. But they are rather explained by the longer time interval of the uncontrolled diabetic state. ATP administered to mild diabetic rats producing the following changes: two injections of 5 mg per rat exhibit a lowering effect on the blood glucose, with a decrease in liver fat. ATP resulted also in a significant increase in serum albumin and a decrease in beta-globulin with a consequent increase in the A/G ratio. Comparison of the different protein fractions of male and female control rats did not show any significant difference. ATP administered to control animals did not alter the normal electrophoretic pattern.
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PMID:Effect of repeated doses of ATP on serum protein pattern and fat content of the liver in experimental diabetes. 89 65


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