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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prolactin levels were measured in 84 patients aged 20 years with hypogonadism, both under baseline conditions and after stimulation with TRH. In those with impuberty from delayed puberty or gonadotropin insufficiency, baseline blood prolactin levels were normal but the response after stimulation was reduced in a significant manner. In patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, both baseline and reserve blood prolactin levels were increased. No correlation was observed between these abnormal levels and the usual clinical and biological disturbances found in this disorder (gynaecomastia, diabetes, hyperinsulinism, changes in 5-alpha-reduction). The significance of this hyperprolactinaemia remains obscure.
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PMID:[Blood prolactin levels in male hypogonadism (author's transl)]. 12 17

118 sterile men and 12 normal control patients, aged 20-38, were tested to determine the effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) on the gonadotropin levels and thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) on the prolactin level. The 118 sterile men were classified as suffering either from moderate oligospermia or excretory zoospermia (Group 1) or severe secretory oligo- or azoospermia due to blockage of spermatogenesis (Group 2).. Group 1 was divided into 38 eugonadotropes, 21 hypogonadotropes, and 13 hypergonadotropes; Group 2 consisted of 19 cases of blockage at the sperm acyte 2 or spermatide levels (Group 1a), 11 cases of blockage at the sperm ozonia or spermacyte 1 levels (Group 2a), and 10 cases of bilateral chrypt-orchidy of isolated Sertoli cells (Group 3a). 4 cases of Klinefelter's syndrome and 2 cases of testicular feminization wereaalso studied. Basal values of LH were significantly higher in Group 3a. After administration of 50 mcg of LH-RH iv, the LH values peaked after 20-30 minutes, except for Group 3a and the men with Klinefelter's syndrome and testicular feminization. The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) basal values were significantly higher in Group 2. Maximum FSH values occurred 30-45 minutes after the LH-RH injection; the response took longer for hypogonadotropes and was very irregular in Group 3a and those with Klinefelter's syndrome. Prolactin levels of the patientswwere taken before and after administration of 200 mg of TRH iv. About 40% of the sterile men exhibited elevated prolactin levels before or after the injection. Testicular biopsies, semen analyses, and other parameters were measured. Of the cases where gonadotropin levels remained normal afte LH-RH administration, a pathological reason for sterility could be found for only 213 of the sterile men. Of the patients with low basal gonadotropin levels or weak response to LH-RH, 1/2 had diabetes or hemochromatosis. Of the patients who had strong LH responses and normal FSH responses to LH-RH administration, 1/2 had elevated prolactemia. A correlation between prolactin secretion and androgen secretion and a negative correlation between prolactinemia and the number of sperm/ml were found.
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PMID:[Investigation of the gonadotrophins and prolactin in sterile men (the LH-RH + TRH test) (author's transl)]. 41 78

Diabetes may be associated with many genetic disorders. The scientific importance of these often rare disorders resides in the insight they may provide into the possible mechanisms of common diabetes. The type of diabetes varies in these syndromes. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), clinically similar to common NIDDM, may be found in some syndromes (e.g. Werner's syndrome). In others there may be considerable insulin resistance, such as that present in ataxia telangiectasia. Extreme insulin resistance due to abnormal insulin receptor function is found in the Mendenhall syndrome. The mechanism of diabetes is more obscure in acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), although haem deficiency affecting the cytochrome chain raises interesting possibilities. In glycogen storage disease type I, the diabetes is associated with insulinopenia, following an earlier period in the disease when hypoglycaemia is the rule. IDDM, clinically similar to the common form, is present in the autoimmune polyglandular syndromes. Although a change in the lean:fat ratio is common in many neuromuscular disorders, mechanisms other than insulin resistance would seem to operate. The increased incidence of diabetes in heterozygotes for some of these genetic disorders raises the possibility that many common diabetics are, in fact, heterozygotes for some other disorder. The increased frequency of diabetes in Klinefelter's syndrome, Turner's syndrome and possibly Down's syndrome leads to the hypothesis that non-disjunction may, in some way be associated with the predisposition to diabetes. In several syndromes there is an increased incidence of diabetes in otherwise unaffected relatives of individuals with these syndromes. It is impossible to assess what proportion of common NIDDM or IDDM is made up of heterozygotes for these genetic syndromes.
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PMID:Diabetes secondary to genetic disorders. 144 74

The first case of Klinefelter's syndrome accompanied by diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus is reported. A 41-year-old man admitted for hyperosmolar diabetic coma with a past history of diabetes insipidus was diagnosed as having Klinefelter's syndrome by endocrinological examination and sex chromosome analysis. In this case, glucose tolerance test was normalized half a year later and blood glucose was well controlled with diet therapy alone.
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PMID:Klinefelter's syndrome accompanied by diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus. 145 May 2

Endocrine functions were examined in 21 patients with mitochondrial myopathies presenting with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and other additional neurological and multisystemic symptoms. Ten patients had the features of the Kearns-Sayre syndrome. Deletions of the mitochondrial DNA were found in 4 out of 5 patients examined. Fourteen patients, including 3 with deletions of the mitochondrial DNA, had various and often multiple endocrine abnormalities: 6 patients were of short stature, 3 had irregular menstrual cycles, 3 had undersized testicles, 5 showed an insufficient rise of growth hormone following the administration of growth-hormone-releasing hormone, 4 showed an insufficient rise in FSH after administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, 5 had manifest diabetes mellitus, 3 showed an impaired glucose tolerance, and 2 patients had subnormal serum levels of parathormone in combination with hypocalcaemia. One patient additionally had Klinefelter's syndrome with a kariotype 47, XXY and increased levels of FSH and LH, subnormal levels of testosterone and subnormal testicular volume. The occurrence of endocrine defects correlated with the duration of disease. The data demonstrate that endocrine abnormalities are frequently associated with mitochondrial myopathy, indicating that this multisystemic disease also involves various endocrine tissues.
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PMID:Endocrine abnormalities in mitochondrial myopathy with external ophthalmoplegia. 160 Mar 49

In order to screen for fetal neural tube defects and chromosome abnormalities, amniocentesis was carried out in 334 women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) between 1979 and 1987. Two cases (0.6%; 95% confidence limits 0.1-2.2%) of fetal chromosome abnormality were found: one case of Klinefelter's syndrome and one case of de novo translocation. This is comparable to the overall incidence of chromosome abnormality found at birth and is also comparable to the incidence of fetal chromosome abnormality (1.0%) found by amniocentesis at our Department in a group of 2,264 young non-diabetic women with little risk of contracting genetic disorders. The results suggest that maternal IDDM does not increase the risk of fetal chromosome abnormality and consequently screening by amniocentesis for chromosome abnormalities among diabetic women does not seem to be indicated.
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PMID:Incidence of fetal chromosome abnormalities in insulin dependent diabetic women. 174 52

The National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) provides the hFSH-I-3 preparation, to be employed as a tracer in the radioimmunoassay (RIA) of human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH). The contaminating LH contained in that preparation led us to study whether the iodination of such a material could render it a suitable tracer for RIA of both LH and FSH. hFSH-I-3 was labelled with 125I by the chloramine-T method and was further purified on Sephadex G-75 column. The LH-RIA was performed using this preparation and anti-LH at a final dilution of 1:37,500, with a sensitivity of 3 mIU LH/ml (2nd international reference pattern). The method was validated by comparing the LH values obtained in different serum samples with those obtained using the standard RIA (125I-LH/anti-LH); the correlation coefficient (r) was equal to 0.9988. No LH overestimation due to the putative cross-reaction with FSH was found. This was demonstrated by testing serum samples containing high (greater than 100 mIU/ml) and low (less than 10 mIU/ml) concentrations of FSH before and after the treatment with anti-LH. Under these conditions, serum samples from postmenopausal women, pregnant women, normal men and women in basal conditions and after the LH-RH administration, and from a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome, were evaluated. In conclusion, NIDDK 125I-hFSH-I-3 can be used as a tracer for the radioimmunological quantitation of both hLH and hFSH, which results not only inexpensive, but also allows to reduce the amount of the stored radioactive materials.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassays of human luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones using the same radioactive tracer. 311 67

A patient with Klinefelter's syndrome and diabetes mellitus was diagnosed as having myelodysplasia. Cytogenetic analysis of the peripheral blood and the bone marrow cells confirmed the presence of a constitutional 47,XXY chromosome complement. In addition, complex karyotypic abnormalities were present.
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PMID:Primary myelodysplastic syndrome with complex chromosomal rearrangements in a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome. 371 99

We report herein a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome associated with refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation, a subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The MDS developed with karyotypic abnormality involving t(4;7)(q21;q11), and was characteristic of marked thrombocytosis and marrow infiltration by many atypical megakaryocytes. The patient also had diabetes mellitus and a disturbed immune system. To our knowledge, this is the fifth reported case of MDS in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome in the literature.
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PMID:Myelodysplastic syndrome with thrombocytosis in a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome. 848 Apr 86

We report here a rare case of 47 XXY/46 XY mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome associated with multiple endocrine disorders. A 35-year-old male admitted for the evaluation of renal dysfunction and recurrent bone fractures was diagnosed as having Klinefelter's syndrome by endocrinological examinations and sex chromosome analysis. He has suffered from diabetes mellitus for more than ten years. The serum FSH and LH levels were high together with low free testosterone and estradiol levels. There was a discrepancy between basal serum GH and somatomedin-C levels. On admission, thyroid function revealed thyrotoxicosis with low radioactive iodine uptake and negative thyroid autoantibodies. During hospitalization, serum FT3 and FT4 levels were gradually decreased and serum TSH levels became elevated, leading to the diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis. Serum ACTH levels showed high basal levels with delayed, exaggerated responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Rapid ACTH test (1-24ACTH 0.25 mg) showed low cortisol responses and many of the adrenocortical steroids in plasma and urine were low or low normal. Furthermore, bone mineral density (BMD) by DEXA showed marked osteoporosis. Possible mechanisms underlying these varied endocrine disorders remain to be elucidated.
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PMID:47 XXY/46 XY mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome presenting with multiple endocrine abnormalities. 879 55


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