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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may lower urinary protein excretion, it is not known whether these agents can completely eliminate microalbuminuria. This study examined whether the ACE inhibitor, enalapril, can abolish low levels of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients. Six men with adult-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, most of whom had low levels of microalbuminuria, were studied in a clinical research center, where they ate a controlled diet and performed regulated exercises daily. After 2 weeks of baseline measurements, the patients received 5-15 mg/day of enalapril for 4 weeks. They were then monitored for 2 more weeks without enalapril. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) fell in each patient with enalapril treatment and was within the normal range at some time during enalapril treatment in 5 of 6 patients. After stopping enalapril, UAE rose. UAE was 53.6 +/- 20.7 (SEM), 31.5 +/- 8.9 and 39.4 +/- 8.0 mg/24 h during the baseline, enalapril and postenalapril periods, respectively (baseline vs. enalapril, p less than 0.02; postenalapril vs. enalapril, p less than 0.01). The magnitude of fall in UAE correlated with the baseline UAE (r = 0.90). During enalapril treatment, renal plasma flow and GFR did not change, although blood pressure fell slightly. These data suggest that enalapril can reduce or abolish UAE in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Whether long-term treatment with enalapril will continue to suppress microalbuminuria and prevent progressive diabetic nephropathy remains to be determined.
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PMID:Enalapril reduces albumin excretion in diabetic patients with low levels of microalbuminuria. 207 3

The initial renal hypertrophy in experimental diabetes and in response to uninephrectomy is associated with renal accumulation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Since the combination of diabetes and nephrectomy almost doubles the initial renal growth rate the aim of the present study was to investigate the kidney IGF-I levels in the combined situation in uninephrectomized diabetic rats. Three experimental groups were exposed to either unilateral nephrectomy, streptozotocin-diabetes or both conditions and for four days animals from each group were taken out for investigation. After 4 days the wet kidney weight increased from baseline by 31% (from 661 +/- 16 mg (SEM) to 866 +/- 27 mg) (P less than 0.01) in the uninephrectomized group, 32% (to 872 +/- 18 mg) (P less than 0.01) in the diabetic group and 46% (to 962 +/- 27 mg) (P less than 0.01) in the uninephrectomized-diabetic group. Kidney IGF-I concentrations were analyzed by radioimmunoassay and the increase from baseline on day 2 was 74% (from 262 +/- 12 ng/g (SEM) to 456 +/- 21 ng/g) (P less than 0.01) in the uninephrectomized group, 58% (to 414 +/- 18 ng/g) (P less than 0.01) in the diabetic group and 176 +/- % (to 722 +/- 56 ng/g) (P less than 0.01) in the combined group. Thereafter a decline in kidney IGF-I occurred in all groups, being normal at day 4 for the diabetic group, but still significantly higher in the uninephrectomized and uninephrectomized-diabetic groups compared to controls (P less than 0.05%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Additive increase in kidney insulin-like growth factor I and initial renal enlargement in uninephrectomized-diabetic rats. 207 13

Atherosclerosis is more common and severe in DM. The purpose of this study was to compare the blood lipids profile and the prevalence of different coronary risk factors (CRF) in a mexican population with CHD (coronary heart disease) and DM compared with non DM patients. All had a history of myocardial infarction. Patients with nephropathy or other secondary causes of dyslipidema were excluded. There were two groups of 45 patients, 32 males, 13 females; age was 60 +/- 1 (SEM), body mass index (BMI) 26 +/- 6. Diabetes duration was 10 +/- 1 years. Diabetic individuals referred smoking in 58%, high blood pressure 55%, obesity (IQ greater than 27) 42%. There were no statistical differences with the non DM group. The mean values of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were similar in diabetics and non diabetics. HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in diabetic females (p less than 0.01). Hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HDL-C less than or equal to 30 mg/dL) was the most common abnormality in both groups (52% DM vs 38% nonDM) (p less than 0.01) Type IV phenotype was present in 40 vs 29% (NS). Lipid values were not related to BMI, metabolic control or diabetes type of treatment. To conclude, non insulin dependent diabetic patients with CHD have a high prevalence of CRF. Lipid abnormalities, particularly hypoalphalipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, could be a cause for the increased atherogenic risk, particularly in females.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus and ischemic cardiopathy: their relation to changes in plasma lipids and other coronary risk factors]. 209 Nov 76

Conflicting data are found in the literature concerning the growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone and the insulin-like growth factor I level in Type I diabetes mellitus. The GH response to GHRH and the serum IGF-I level were studied in 29 moderately to well regulated male diabetic patients and 20 age-matched controls. The mean fasting glucose and HbA1c (normal less than 6.5%) levels were, respectively: 10.2 +/- 0.8 mmol/l and 7.1 +/- 0.2%, and 4.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/l and 5.4 +/- 0.1% (mean +/- SEM). The GH response to GHRH was higher in the diabetic patients at 15, 30 and 45 min (p less than 0.05), and also delta peak GH was higher compared with controls: 34.8 +/- 5.6 vs 18.0 +/- 2.4 micrograms/l (p less than 0.02). The serum IGF-I level was lower in the diabetic patients: 460 +/- 30 vs 700 +/- 60 U/l (p less than 0.01). No correlations could be demonstrated between delta peak GH, serum IGF-I or HbA1c level. When only patients with a mean fasting glucose less than or equal to 7.0 mmol/l and normal HbA1c (5.8 +/- 0.3%) were analysed, delta peak GH was also elevated compared with controls: 47.0 +/- 16.3 vs 18.0 +/- 2.4 micrograms/l (p less than 0.02). No difference was observed in GH response or serum IGF-I level in 5 patients with (pre)proliferative retinopathy compared with patients without this complication. It is concluded that in Type I diabetes the GH response to GHRH is increased, even in well regulated patients, and that the serum IGF-I level is depressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Growth hormone in type I diabetic and healthy man. 211 Apr 12

The present study was undertaken to determine whether the transplantation of encapsulated MHC identical islets into diabetic BB/Wor/BB rats could cure their diabetes. Islets were isolated from diabetes-resistant BB/Wor/WB rats and encapsulated in alginate-polylysine-alginate membranes. Five thousand islets were transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of spontaneously diabetic BB/Wor/BB rats (n = 9) that had been insulin dependent for more than five weeks. Similar diabetic animals were transplanted with 5,000 unencapsulated islets (n = 10) or with empty capsules (n = 3). After transplantation of free islets, the animals reverted to the insulin-dependent state after a median of 16 days (17 +/- 4 days, mean +/- SEM). After transplantation of encapsulated islets, the animals reverted to the diabetic state after a median of 59 days (54 +/- 10 days, mean +/- SEM). Light microscopic and electron microscopic analyses of capsules recovered from the peritoneal cavity after failure of graft function showed no evidence either of lymphocytic invasion of the capsules or of specific destruction of the islets. The capsules were, however, overgrown by a layer of histiocytes and numerous layers of fibroblasts. Empty capsules recovered after 15 and 60 days were overgrown to the same extent.
Diabetes Res 1990 Dec
PMID:The fate of transplanted encapsulated islets in spontaneously diabetic BB/Wor rats. 213 4

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) may play a role in the regulation of the changes of blood volume and vascular reactivity during pregnancy and when pregnancy is complicated by hypertension. Reports of plasma ANF levels during pregnancy are conflicting. We have prospectively studied plasma ANF levels during pregnancy in 25 women, and compared these with 20 age-matched non-pregnant women. Five women developed hypertension during pregnancy and a further five who remained normotensive had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Plasma ANF was 6.8 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- SEM) and 6.3 +/- 0.9 pmol/l during weeks 8-15 and 24-31 of normal pregnancy (n = 15; vs non-pregnant levels (4.0 +/- 0.6 pmol/l) P less than 0.05, n = 20). Levels were 4.3 +/- 0.8 and 3.9 +/- 0.4 pmol/l during weeks 16-23 and 32-39. In the diabetic patients and in the group who developed hypertension levels were at no time different from the uncomplicated pregnancy group. Serum aldosterone increased as pregnancy progressed, but plasma renin activity remained unchanged. As plasma ANF was not different between those who did, and those who did not develop hypertension, early measurement of it will not predict who will and who will not develop hypertension during pregnancy.
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PMID:Plasma atrial natriuretic factor levels during normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus and hypertension. 214 May 86

The effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on urinary protein excretion were examined in patients with renal parenchymal diseases (RPD, n = 18) and those with diabetes mellitus (DM, n = 12). Before and 30 min after intravenous injection of ANP (50 micrograms), urine samples were collected. ANP injection increased urinary volume and urinary sodium excretion in both groups. In RPD, urinary protein excretion (UprV) increased by 87% (1.5 +/- 0.7 [SEM] to 2.8 +/- 1.1 mg/min, p less than 0.05). ANP also increased UprV in patients with diabetic nephropathy [N(+); 1.7 +/- 0.8 to 5.0 +/- 2.5 mg/min, p less than 0.05] and those without nephropathy [N(-); 0.10 +/- 0.02 to 0.22 +/- 0.07 mg/min, p less than 0.05]. Since ANP increased creatinin clearance in both groups (+9.4 +/- 2.5 ml/min in RPD and +24.1 +/- 3.5 ml/min in DM, p less than 0.01 for both), urinary protein to creatinine excretion ratios (UprV/UcrV) were determined, which should be a parameter of glomerular protein permeability. The UprV/UcrV ratio increased by 48% (p less than 0.01) and 24% (p less than 0.05) in RPD and in DM, respectively. ANP did not change urinary composition of albumin and globulin. In RPD, increases in UprV by ANP were positively related to the basal serum creatinin levels (r = 0.57, p less than 0.01). In DM group, ANP-induced increases in the UprV/UcrV ratio were higher in the N(+) subgroup than in the N(-) subgroup (+0.8 +/- 0.4 vs +0.09 +/- 0.04, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on urinary protein excretion in patients with renal parenchymal disease and those with diabetic mellitus]. 214 Oct 91

The effects of insulin treatment on plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and body fluid volume were studied in 16 hospitalized patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. Parameters were recorded for 2 days during treatment by diet alone and for 3 weeks after starting insulin. Blood samples were obtained weekly from 9 patients for the measurement of fasting plasma glucose, hematocrit, PRA and plasma ANP. A 24-hr urine sample was collected to determine the urinary excretion of glucose and sodium. In a separate group of 7 patients, plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume were determined by the Evans blue and sodium thiocyanate dilution tests, respectively. In the group of 9 diabetic patients, significant (p less than 0.05) reductions in fasting plasma glucose, hematocrit and the urinary excretion of sodium and glucose were seen with insulin treatment. PRA fell significantly (p less than 0.05) from 5.2 +/- 1.2 ng/ml/hr (mean +/- SEM) on the control days to 2.3 +/- 0.5 on the 21st day after starting treatment. Plasma levels of ANP averaged 35 +/- 5 pg/ml on the control days and these did not change significantly. In the other group of 7 patients, both plasma volume and extracellular fluid volume increased significantly (p less than 0.05) with insulin treatment. A sodium-retaining effect of insulin and a decrease in osmotic diuresis may have increased the body fluid volume and caused the fall in PRA. Thus, a vasodilatory action of insulin may assist in compensation for the increase in body fluid volume, preventing a rise in plasma ANP levels.
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PMID:Effects of insulin on plasma renin activity, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and body fluid volume in diabetes mellitus. 214 76

The in vivo glycemic and insulin responses and in vitro starch digestibility were determined for six staple foods (corn, lima beans, white and yellow teparies, mesquite, and acorns) traditionally consumed by Pima Indians. Equivalent carbohydrate portions (25 g) of the foods were fed to eight healthy Caucasian volunteers. The calculated glycemic indices (GIs) (mean +/- SEM with glucose as the standard) were all low, ranging from 16 +/- 2 for acorns to 40 +/- 5 for corn. Insulin responses and in vitro starch digestibilities correlated with the GI. These results provide further support for the hypothesis that the slow digestion and absorption of starch in traditional foods was a factor that helped protect susceptible populations from developing diabetes.
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PMID:Plasma glucose and insulin responses to traditional Pima Indian meals. 217 89

To determine the effects of short-term fasting on carbohydrate tolerance, 10 obese women with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were studied with meal tolerance tests before and after 3 days of fasting. After 3 days' fast, basal serum glucose declined from 15.2 +/- 0.9 to 7.5 +/- 0.7 mmol/L (273 +/- 17 to 135 +/- 13 mg/dL) (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.001) and the glycemic response to the test meal (area under the glucose curve) improved by 31%. There were no changes in basal or postprandial insulin levels but a slight increase in serum c-peptide. Resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food were unchanged. There was a slight but insignificant change in basal and postprandial free fatty acid levels and a significant elevation of basal beta-hydroxybutyrate levels. Blood lactate rose significantly (from 0.9 to 2.0 mM) during the initial meal tolerance test, but no rise in lactate was seen in the meal tolerance test after fasting. Two subgroups of patients were identified based on the degree of glycemic improvement after short-term fasting. Those with lesser improvement in serum glucose showed overnight rises in serum glucose during the period of fasting (the dawn phenomenon), while those patients who normalized serum glucose showed a steady fall in serum glucose. This finding may help to predict the glycemic response to long-term calorie restriction. Carbohydrate tolerance improves in obese diabetic (NIDDM) women after 3 days of fasting, in contrast to the impairment of glucose tolerance seen in lean or obese nondiabetic subjects after fasting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Carbohydrate tolerance improves with fasting in obese subjects with noninsulin-dependent (type II) diabetes. 218 73


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