Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the period from 1980-86 we obtained 51 strains of Listeria from meningitis in adults for serotyping and phage-typing. Ten strains were associated with meningitis and 3 with septicaemia of immunocompromised patients. They suffered from leukaemia, diabetes, Hodgkin's disease, alcoholism, lupus erythematodes. The lethality rate in these patients was 70%, in other patients with meningitis 30%. Phage typing has shown that 4b strains were often determined by the phage-code 00010 and similar codes. This phage-pattern might be specific for meningitis strains. The immunocomprised patient is especially endangered in taking up listeriae from the environment, but it must also be in consideration that listeriae may easy gain access from the gut into the vessels.
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PMID:Listeria-meningitis and -septicaemia in immunocompromised patients. 251 62

Primary pulmonary cryptococcal granuloma is not common in Sichuan. The diagnosis of this disease is difficult to make because the patient has no characteristic symptoms and the chest X-ray findings of the mass are not easily differentiated from carcinoma of the lung. The incidence of this disease is apparently increasing. Pulmonary cryptococcosis may be disseminated hematogenously to the meninges and cryptococcal meningitis is very difficult to treat. If the pulmonary lesion is localized, the patient's general condition is good with no evidence of systemic lupus erythematosis, diabetes, leukemia or lymphoma, partial resection of the lung is indicated. But, if the patient has a history of recent cryptococcal meningitis, surgery must be deferred. Four cases of primary pulmonary cryptococcal granuloma have been treated surgically supplemented with medical therapy in the First Affiliated Hospital from 1986 to 1987. Follow-up of more than one year showed good results in each case.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of primary pulmonary cryptococcal granuloma--report of 4 cases]. 259 37

The mononuclear-phagocyte system includes promonocytes and their precursors in the bone marrow, monocytes in circulation and macrophages in tissues. After maturation in the bone marrow newly formed monocytes enter the circulation and migrate into different tissues; the half-life of monocytes in the blood stream is approximately three days. Once in the tissue monocytes undergo transformation into tissue macrophages with functional properties that are characteristic for the environment in which they reside. Macrophages play a central role in the immune regulation by presenting antigen to T-lymphocytes; they participate in ingestion and killing of various invading microorganisms. In addition, macrophages synthesize a great number of substances involved in host defense and inflammation i.e. complement components, prostaglandins, IL-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and others. During infection, macrophages have the capacity to become "activated" by lymphokines and different bacterial products; "activated" macrophages have an increased tumoricidal and microbicidal activity against various microorganisms, synthesis and secretion of immune mediators is enhanced. Monocyte-macrophage dysfunctions have been described in various disorders: defective chemotaxis (corticosteroids, drug induced immunosuppression, AIDS, diabetes), defective phagocytosis (lupus erythematosus, deficiency of a membrane glycoprotein), microbicidal defect (chronic granulomatous disease), decreased cytotoxicity (Wiskott-Aldrich-Syndrome), deficiencies in the clearance of physiologic substrates in lysosomal diseases.
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PMID:[The monocyte-macrophage system in the human]. 267 85

During a survey period of 28 years a total of 449 patients suffering respectively from pemphigus, systemic lupus erythematous and chronic nephritis was admitted to the hospital. Of the 286 patients who received glucocorticoid treatment 28 were found to have steroid diabetes (9.8%). The incidences of steroid diabetes in these diseases were as follows: pemphigus 20% (7/35), systemic lupus erythematous 12.5% (14/112), chronic nephritis 5% (7/139). Two thirds of the diabetic subjects appeared asymptomatic, while the remainder showed polydipsia and polyuria. Renal glucosuria was seen in 3 cases and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia in 4. Blood glucose level in 10 out of the 21 remaining cases was 8.9 +/- 1.5 mmol/L and in the other 11 cases 14.8 +/- 2.4 mmol/L. Generally, the treatment of steroid diabetes is not intricate. Satisfactory improvement was seen in about 80% of the patients if a strict line of therapy against primary diabetes was oriented. In this series 18 patients did well under the treatment either with reduction of steroid or with use of oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin or both. Their blood glucose levels returned to normal and urine sugar disappeared rapidly. Four of the 5 deaths were caused by their primary diseases. One died of pemphigus complicated with infection and shock exhibiting an ante mortem blood glucose level as high as 31.7 mmol/L, obviously hyperosmolar status being the predisposing factor. Due to the fact that most of the steroid diabetic patients were clinically asymptomatic, delayed or misbranded diagnosis was not infrequently seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Steroid diabetes: an analysis of 28 cases]. 280 46

We identified 35 patients who had electrodiagnostic evidence of mononeuritis multiplex and did not have diabetes or multiple nerve compressions. Their charts were reviewed to determine the etiologies of the mononeuritis multiplex and to determine how often the laboratory examination revealed a rheumatic disease in patients whose initial history and physical examination did not suggest that a rheumatic disease was present. In 11/35 (31%; CI = 17-49) a disorder capable of causing mononeuritis multiplex was diagnosed before the symptoms of mononeuritis multiplex began. Ten had a rheumatic disease; 1 had lymphoma. Nine of the other patients were suspected, on the basis of the history and physical examination, of having new onset of a rheumatic disease. Subsequent laboratory evaluation showed that 5/9 (56%; CI = 21-86) had a rheumatic disease, and 4/9 (44%; CI = 14-79) were unknowns. In 15/35 (43%; CI = 26-61) patients with mononeuritis multiplex, no rheumatic disease was suspected on the basis of the initial history and physical examination. The subsequent laboratory examination revealed an underlying rheumatic disease in 0/15 (0%; CI = 0-18). Mean clinical follow-up of 16 +/- 16 months in the patients with mononeuritis multiplex of unknown cause also failed to identify a rheumatic disease. Overall 19/35 (54%; CI = 37-71) did not have a rheumatic disease or any other known cause. Of the 14 patients with mononeuritis multiplex associated with a rheumatic disease, 5/14 (36%; CI = 13-15) had systemic lupus erythematosus; an additional patient had both lupus and the CREST syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Mononeuritis multiplex: the yield of evaluations for occult rheumatic diseases. 283 72

Allele-specific monoclonal anti-I-A antibodies are capable of specifically suppressing the immune response to antigens under the control of the allele towards which the antibody is directed, without suppressing the response to antigens under the control of the alternative allele of the I-A alpha and beta chain genes in an F1 heterozygote. This phenomenon, which has been termed 'allele-specific immunosuppression', is antigen-specific, long-lasting and transferrable with Thy-1-positive spleen cells. This type of immunosuppression has been applied to animal models of autoimmune disease, in both homozygous and heterozygous animal models. Anti-I-A monoclonal antibodies are capable of preventing, suppressing and treating experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), of partially suppressing experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, and of preventing the onset of type I insulin-dependent diabetes in the BB/W diabetic rat. In addition, this type of immunotherapy has succeeded in almost completely suppressing nephritis in NZB X NZW F1 mice, which normally develop severe lupus-like nephritis. Significant toxicity, which may be due to anti-allotype antibodies, anti-idiotype antibodies, or to impurities in the monoclonal antibody preparations, has been encountered in the BB/W diabetic rat. In addition, attempts to extend these observations to EAE in the cynomolgus monkey have encountered significant mortality which appears to be attributable to the monoclonal antibody injections (anti-HLA-DR). The mechanism of this toxicity and means of circumventing it are currently under investigation. These results demonstrate the critical role of I-A molecules in the induction and continuance of the autoimmune process in these experimental animal models.
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PMID:Monoclonal anti-Ia antibody therapy in animal models of autoimmune disease. 331 1

We report a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) who developed diabetes secondary to extreme insulin resistance, associated with severe hyperandrogenism and acanthosis nigricans. Her insulin resistance was found to be associated with high titers of insulin receptor antibodies. The hyperandrogenism has been favourably influenced by cyclical treatment with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol, but the insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans have remained unmodified after 15 months of follow up.
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PMID:Hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, and systemic lupus erythematosis associated with insulin receptor antibodies. 338 33

Acute ischemic neuropathy is the acute ischemic necrosis of the optic nerve fibers occurred by the occlusion of small vessels which distribute widely to lamina cribrosa and anterior et posterior area of lamina cribrosa. Pale coloured edema and light swelling are seen generally on the optic disc, and after a few months falls in simplex nerve atrophy. I have explained my 3 cases of ischemic neuropathies. They have some things in common, and causes are considered arteriosclerosis or temporal arteritis in old people, and often takes place based on diabetes mellitus, lupus erythematosis or another many diseases etiologically.
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PMID:Acute ischemic atrophy of papilla disc and diabetes. 345 15

Autoantibodies in sera from newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients recognize a 64,000 Mr human islet cell antigen. The incidence of these antibodies was 86% in 28 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients, 100% in seven first-degree relatives with abnormal glucose tolerance, 6% in 34 healthy individuals, 17% in 29 patients with Hashimoto's or Graves' disease, and 0% in five systemic lupus erythematosis patients. It is suggested that the 64,000 Mr human islet cell protein is the major target antigen of islet cell autoantibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Immunoreactivity to a 64,000 Mr human islet cell antigen in sera from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients and individuals with abnormal glucose tolerance. 352 81

Forty-three patients taking chloroquine for systemic lupus erythematosus were followed by one ophthalmologist over a 5-year period. Visual field testing, color vision testing, and fluorescein angiography were performed. Retinopathy was detected in 7 patients (16%), none of whom had hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Retinal abnormalities included cotton-wool spots in 4 patients, microaneurysms in 3, and vascular tortuosity in 4. In 4 patients, these abnormalities were associated with retinal dysfunction, measured in terms of abnormal hue discrimination. In 6 of the 7 patients, the finding of retinopathy coincided with a flare of lupus activity. In 5 patients, retinopathy improved when the disease was controlled.
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PMID:Retinopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship to disease activity. 375 41


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