Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 26-year-old man having multiple endocrinopathy (pernicious anemia, hypothyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, gonadal failure, and diabetes mellitus) and chronic candidiasis developed several rapidly growing primary tumors on the oral mucosa. Histologically, the tumors appeared to be very well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas. Yet, in spite of all therapeutic attempts, the tumors rapidly progressed and within eight months resulted in disseminated carcinomatosis and death. At autopsy the patient was found to have had a miniscule dysplastic thymus. It is postulated that in chronic candidiasis and polyendocrinopathy a defect may exist in immunologic cellular surveillance for recognition and destruction of aberrant cells.
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PMID:Candidiasis and multiple endocrinopathy. With oral squamous cell carcinoma complications. 113 Aug 7

Blood serum trypsin was radioimmunoassayed in 46 patients with adrenocortical hyperfunction and in 24 ones with its hypofunction. The findings evidence that excess of endogenous adrenal steroids leads to elevation of radioimmune trypsin (RIT) concentration. The presence of chronic pancreatitis in hypercorticism did not essentially influence the value of the examined parameter, nor did the development of diabetes mellitus. Corticosteroid deficit in the body was not associated with changes in the blood serum RIT concentration. Systematic glucocorticoid therapy resulted in elevation of RIT level. The serum enzyme concentration was also increased in hypoadrenocorticism patients not administered glucocorticoids, suffering from concomitant chronic pancreatitis. Therefore the test was not informative for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis in the patients with the endogenous hyperadrenocorticism syndrome but may be helpful in the recognition of the condition in the patients with chronic adrenal insufficiency; interpretation of this test results in hypoadrenocorticism patients treated with glucocorticoids should be performed by efficient specialists.
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PMID:[Immunoreactive trypsin in the blood of patients with functional disorders of the adrenal cortex]. 169 72

Long-term administration of relatively high therapeutic dosages of megestrol acetate to cats produced a progressive deterioration in glucose tolerance, with a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in mean fasting plasma glucose concentrations and decrease in mean plasma glucose clearance rates after six and 12 months of treatment. There appeared to be no relationship, however, between the development of glucose intolerance and circulating growth hormone (GH) concentrations in the cats of this study, since no significant rise in plasma GH concentrations was detected during the 12 month period of megestrol acetate treatment. Administration of megestrol acetate also produced a progressive decrease in both resting plasma cortisol concentrations and cortisol concentrations after ACTH stimulation. Three months after discontinuation of megestrol acetate, the elevated fasting plasma glucose concentrations, decreased glucose clearance rates and subnormal plasma cortisol concentrations all returned to normal pretreatment values, indicating resolution of glucose intolerance and hypoadrenocorticism. The results of this study demonstrate that administration of megestrol acetate to cats can produce a state of moderate to severe glucose intolerance, which is usually reversible after cessation of treatment. Although the exact mechanism of the glucose intolerance and overt diabetes mellitus induced by progestagen treatment of cats remains unclear, it is likely that these alterations in glucose metabolism result primarily from the glucocorticoid activity intrinsic to megestrol acetate.
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PMID:Effects of megestrol acetate on glucose tolerance and growth hormone secretion in the cat. 303 22

Indirect immunofluorescence on normal canine pancreatic tissue fixed in Bouin's solution was used to detect islet cell antibodies in dogs with diabetes mellitus, other endocrine diseases, and pancreatitis. 18 of 25 dogs with diabetes mellitus alone, 2 of 8 dogs with diabetes mellitus and concurrent pancreatitis, and 2 of 2 dogs with diabetes mellitus and concurrent pancreatic exocrine insufficiency were positive for autoantibody. 2 of 12 dogs with hypoadrenocorticism, 3 of 6 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, 6 of 28 dogs with hypothyroidism and one of 19 dogs with pancreatitis alone were also antibody positive. None of 20 healthy dogs or 20 dogs with disorders other than those of the pancreas or endocrine organs were antibody positive. Islet cell antibodies were demonstrated in dogs with diabetes mellitus and other endocrine disorders. The possibility of autoimmune involvement in the development of diabetes mellitus in the dog should be considered.
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PMID:Autoantibodies to pancreatic islet cells in canine diabetes mellitus. 388 43

Adrenal cortical response in acute medical illness has been studied by measuring the plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid (11-OHCS) concentration in 178 patients. Those with unbalanced diabetes, acute infections, and severe myocardial infarction had high levels. The results obtained suggest that in a patient with a severe infection and hypotension a plasma 11-OHCS level of less than 15 mug./100 ml. indicates an inadequate adrenal cortical response, and one patient with septicaemia and temporary adrenal cortical insufficiency is described. Growth hormone levels were increased in patients with severe diabetic ketosis but not in those with hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma.
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PMID:Plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid and growth hormone levels in acute medical illnesses. 579 69

Circulating antibody titers (1:20 to 1:2560) against thyroglobulin were demonstrated in 48% of pet dogs with hypothyroidism by the chromic chloride passive hemagglutination test. Four of six dogs with acanthosis nigricans (1:20) and one of six male dogs with hyperestrogenism (1:40) had low titers of antibody against thyroglobulin whereas clinically normal pet dogs and dogs with other selected endocrinopathies (hypoadrenocorticism, cortisol-excess, diabetes mellitus) or obesity were consistently negative. Circulating immune complexes evaluated by the mastocytoma cell-assay were present in the sera of 20% of pet dogs with hypothyroidism but were absent in clinically normal dogs. Although variations in dose significantly altered the quantitative response of the thyroid gland to thyrotropin the qualitative pattern of response was similar for T3 but not T4 in clinically normal laboratory beagles. The peak increases for serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine were observed either at eight (0.1 and 0.2 I.U bTSH/5 lbs) or 12 (1.0 I.U. bTYSH/5 lbs) hours postthyrotropin. Dogs with naturally occurring hypothyroidism had a decreased serum T3 and T4 at baseline and eight hours postthyrotropin (1.0 I.U. bTSH/5 lbs) compared to clinically normal pet dogs, laboratory beagles and dogs with other clinical endocrinopathies. The consistent lack of a significant increase of serum T3 and T4 in response to thyrotropin was necessary for the separation of certain hypothyroid from euthyroid pet dogs in which the baseline level of thyroid hormones were equivocal.
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PMID:Biochemical and immunological investigations on hypothyroidism in dogs. 740 88

We report a rare case of Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), diabetes mellitus (DM) and several endocrine disorders. A 57-year-old man presented with polyarthritis and tapering fingers with Raynaud's phenomenon on admission. In addition to a karyotype of 47, XXY, a marked restrictive change in respiratory functional test, a myogenic pattern in electromyogram, the positive tests for anti-RNP antibody indicated that this was a case of KS complicated with MCTD. The patients also presented DM with insulin resistance, hyperprolactinemia, slight primary hypothyroidism and hypoadrenocorticism. The mechanism for these coincidences remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Klinefelter's syndrome accompanied by mixed connective tissue disease and diabetes mellitus. 1056 40

Werner's syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by the mutation of DNA helicase gene (WRN), characterized by the premature onset of multiple age-related disorders and skin changes similar to those observed in scleroderma. Some endocrinologic and metabolic disorders have been described in patients with Werner's syndrome. We report one case in a 41-year-old man issuing from consanguineous parents, who presented for exploration of hypoglycemic episodes and sexual impotence. Werner's syndrome was diagnosed on the basis of his characteristic clinical appearance. Metabolic disorders were insulin-requiring diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia. Endocrinologic investigation revealed nodular goiter, sub clinical primary hypothyroidism, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism,adrenal cortical hypofunction and GH deficiency. Pathology examination of the skin biopsy showed a scleroderma-like aspect. Finally, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and sub-capsular cataract were associated. Thus, in Werner's syndrome metabolic and endocrinologic investigation is necessary in order to treat these disorders and improve the patient's prognosis and life.
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PMID:[Werner's syndrome and endocrine disorders]. 1291 63

Although there have been substantial evidences on the usefulness of electrolytes for the diagnosis of disease, the evidences for a direct link between serum sodium and serum potassium in relation to a specific disease are very limited. This study was performed to investigate an association between diseases and Na:K ratios in dogs. From January 1997 to December 1999, a total of 39 cases with an Na:K ratio less than 27 were retrieved from the medical records of Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University. Ten dogs (25.6%) had a renal or urinary disease, and six (15.4%) had a parasitism. Other miscellaneous diseases included deep pyoderma, grade III patellar luxation, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes, pancreatitis, and pyometra. The Na:K ratio was significantly lower in dogs with renal failures than those with parasitic diseases (p=0.0735). With the criterion of the Na:K ratio < 27, twenty seven dogs (69.2%) had hyperkalemia, whereas thirteen dogs (33.3%) had hyponatremia. Of 13 dogs with Na:K ratios between 20 and 24, six were diagnosed as a renal or urinary tract disease, two as diabetes, and two as a parasitism. The Na:K ratios of 9 dogs were < 20, being with the most prevalent with the disease of renal failures (55.6%). The serum Na:K ratios were more closely related to serum potassium concentrations ( gamma= -0.8710) than serum sodium concentrations ( gamma=0.4703). Two dogs with diabetes had an electrolyte pattern of hyperkalemia with normonatremia. Further studies are needed to determine the usefulness of Na:K ratio for diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism, and to establish a relationship between patellar luxation and electrolyte unbalance.
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PMID:The clinical implication of sodium-potassium ratios in dogs. 1461 22

Feline endocrinopathies (excluding diabetes mellitus) include hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, acromegaly, hyposomatotropism, diabetes insipidus, hyperadrenocorticism, primary sex hormone-secreting adrenal tumors, primary hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, hypoadrenocorticism, hyperparathyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism. Each of these conditions will be discussed including their prevalence, cause, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment options, and prognosis.
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PMID:Feline endocrinopathies. 1562 33


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