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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is very little information on the genetic factors associated with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD). Ninety-eight first-degree relatives of FCPD patients were subjected to detailed studies, which included glucose tolerance tests, x-ray films of the abdomen, ultrasonography, and studies of exocrine pancreatic function. The study shows that there is a familial aggregation of FCPD with evidence of vertical transmission of the disease from parent to offspring in some families. Routine screening of families of FCPD probands helped to pick up cases in the stage of impaired glucose tolerance. There is heterogeneity in FCPD with respect to familial factors. Some families show marked familial aggregation of FCPD while in others the disease occurs either sporadically or in association with other family members who have abnormal glucose handling.
Pancreas 1989
PMID:Familial aggregation in tropical fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes. 281 31

Guinea pigs injected with streptozotocin were significantly hyperglycemic on day 1 after injection but only mildly so on day 14. However, serum insulin levels were significantly depressed on day 14; at this time the animals had lost 25% of their initial body weights and were severely glycosuric. The volume fraction of immunostainable B cells in the pancreas was reduced to one third of control values by day 1 after injection and remained at this level by day 14. Animals that received alloxan were slightly hyperglycemic on day 1 but not day 14. Both serum insulin and volume fraction of B cells in the pancreas were reduced by 70% on day 1 but had returned to control levels by day 14. Body weights for this group were equivalent to controls at both time points. These data indicate that: streptozotocin treatment of guinea pigs causes a diabetes-like condition characterized by insulin deficiency, pancreatic B cell loss, glycosuria, and weight loss, which are not reversed in the first 2 weeks after injection, whereas hyperglycemia is only transitory; alloxan also produces a diabetes-like condition early after injection, but all signs of diabetes disappear within 2 weeks, by which time serum insulin levels and the volume fraction of B cells in the pancreas have returned to normal. The experimental results suggest that regeneration of islet B cells following destruction by alloxan may be the primary cause of the recovery of alloxan-injected guinea pigs from the effects of the drug, whereas the persistence of insulin deficiency is consistent with an absence of islet B cell regeneration in the streptozotocin-treated animals.
Pancreas 1986
PMID:Responses of pancreatic b cells to alloxan and streptozotocin in the guinea pig. 295 22

To examine whether plasma and urine concentrations of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) are altered in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), plasma and urine hANP concentrations were evaluated in 86 patients with diabetes mellitus using an extraction procedure. The mean recovery rate of extraction was 71.8 +/- 0.6% (mean +/- SEM). The major immunoreactive component of hANP in extracted plasma and urine appeared to be identical to synthetic alpha hANP as judged by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The patients were divided into three groups according to their renal complications. The patients in group 1 had no apparent abnormality in serum creatinine, serum or urine beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG), or urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG); those in group 2 showed either beta 2-MG or NAG abnormality but no creatinine abnormality. The patients in group 3 were though to have an established diabetic nephropathy and showed a serum creatinine increase. Plasma ANP concentrations in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 10.7 +/- 2.1, 19.9 +/- 5.6, and 39.2 +/- 9.9 fmol/ml, respectively. These values in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than the control values (p less than 0.05 or p less than 0.01 versus 6.2 +/- 0.7 fmol/ml). Urine ANP concentrations in group 1 were also within normal range, though those in groups 2 and 3 markedly increased in comparison with normal values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pancreas 1988
PMID:Plasma and urine concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with diabetes mellitus. 297 69

The pituitary protein, 7B2 has been demonstrated in the pancreas and is known to be present in very high concentrations in pancreatic endocrine tumors. To investigate whether any changes in 7B2 concentrations might be present in the pancreases affected by different types of diabetes and whether the diabetic state itself might affect pituitary and hypothalamic 7B2 concentrations, streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats and mice with natural-onset diabetes (obese hyperglycemic, or ob/ob, mice and non-obese diabetic, or NOD, mice) were employed. A significant reduction in pancreatic 7B2 concentrations was found in STZ-treated rats. The pancreatic 7B2 concentration was significantly high in ob/ob mice (p less than 0.05, versus the concentration in their lean littermates, and the decrease observed in older NOD mice, appeared to parallel their insulin reserve. Pituitary and hypothalamic 7B2 concentrations were similar in STZ-treated and control rats. A reduction in pituitary and hypothalamic 7B2 concentrations was observed in older NOD mice (both p less than 0.01 versus respective values in younger mice). In ob/ob mice, a significant reduction was also found in hypothalamic 7B2 concentration (p less than 0.01 versus that in control mice). Gel permeation chromatography showed that 7B2 immunoreactivity comprised two molecular components, and the relative proportion in the pancreas differed from that in other tissues. In the pancreas, a smaller molecular component was predominant (elution coefficient, 0.62).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pancreas 1988
PMID:Pituitary, hypothalamic and pancreatic 7B2 concentrations in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and spontaneously diabetic mice. 306 75

An important unanswered question about clinical use of pancreas transplantation is: can pancreas transplants reverse or, at least, stabilize well-established lesions of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)? To answer this question, we performed whole pancreas transplantations in 190 highly inbred rats 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 mo after induction of diabetes mellitus (DM) with alloxan. We then studied the effect on renal mesangial enlargement (ME) for 24 mo after onset of DM by a quantitative morphologic technique in which camera lucida tracings of the mesangium were made at X 1250 and were analyzed using an electronic planimeter connected to a calculator/computer. A pretransplant kidney biopsy was obtained so that the rats served as their own controls. In addition, studies were performed for 28 mo in 57 untreated diabetic controls and in 55 nondiabetic controls. Monthly metabolic studies showed that whole pancreas transplantation maintained very tight, lifelong metabolic control of diabetes. Kidney sections obtained for 2 yr from diabetic controls and for 21 mo from diabetic rats before transplantation showed highly significant increases in total mesangial area, nuclear-free mesangial area, and percentage of glomerular area occupied by nuclear-free mesangial area. Pancreas transplantation consistently produced a highly significant reversal of well-established ME, regardless of when it was performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1986 Mar
PMID:Reversal of mesangial enlargement in rats with long-standing diabetes by whole pancreas transplantation. 308 95

Pancreas transplantation (PT) has become increasingly effective for the treatment of human diabetes. Islet transplants have been successful only in the laboratory; clinical human islet transplantation needs to be improved with a search to reduce islet cells immunogenicity. Up to now, the only effective method of endocrine replacement therapy in diabetic patients is vascularized pancreas transplantation. Analysis of the International Human Pancreas Registry shows that the best options in 1985 are enteric diversion of the exocrine function, simultaneous kidney graft from the same donor and cyclosporin combined with other immunosuppressive agents in the recipient.
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PMID:Current status of clinical pancreas transplantation. 309 56

The transport specificity of L-glutamine influx in the perfused rat exocrine pancreas has been investigated using a dual isotope tracer dilution technique. During a single circulation through the isolated pancreas, an epithelial uptake of 71 +/- 1% (n = 10) was measured for L-(3H)glutamine relative to the extracellular marker D-(14C)mannitol. L-(3H)glutamine uptake was markedly inhibited during perfusion with 10 mM L-glutamine, L-histidine, L-methionine, L-serine, or L-cysteine. The system A--specific analogue alpha-methylaminoisobutryic acid and L-glutamic acid were ineffective inhibitors. L-Glutamine transport was saturable (0.05 - 32 mM), with an apparent Kt = 14 +/- 1 mM and Vmax = 13.4 +/- 0.7 mumol/min g (n = 6), and largely insensitive to perfusion with 1 mM ouabain or a sodium-free solution. In kinetic inhibition experiments, the Vmax/Kt ratio for L-glutamine remained unaltered during perfusion with 10 mM L-serine, whereas L-glutamine appeared to inhibit L-serine transport noncompetitively. Tracer L-glutamine efflux was enhanced by increasing concentrations of unlabeled L-glutamine and 10 mM L-serine. Similarly, tracer L-serine efflux was accelerated in the presence of 10 mM L-glutamine. Unlike L-serine, the transport activity for L-glutamine was not stimulated by 100 microU/ml exogenous insulin or streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes. These findings suggest that in the exocrine pancreas, L-glutamine transport is mediated primarily by a large neutral system L.
Pancreas 1986
PMID:Characteristics of L-glutamine transport in the perfused rat exocrine pancreas: lack of sensitivity to insulin and streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes. 310 60

Pancreatic endocrine cells normally express only Class I gene products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Recently it has been shown that in both patients with recent onset type I diabetes and acutely diabetic BB rats, residual islet beta cells express Class II MHC antigens. In an attempt to define a potential inducer of this aberrant Class II antigen expression, we have investigated the effect of in vitro incubation of rat isolated pancreatic islets with the lymphokine gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) on MHC antigen expression. Our results demonstrate that in vitro exposure to IFN-gamma induces novel expression of Class II antigens on the surface of rat islet endocrine cells and increases the level of pre-existing Class I antigen expression.
Pancreas 1987
PMID:Gamma interferon induces novel expression of Ia antigens by rat pancreatic islet endocrine cells. 311 39

Most candidates for pancreatic transplantation have end-stage diabetic nephropathy (ESDN) and receive a pancreas transplant either sequential to or simultaneous with a renal transplant. Because ESDN is often associated with severe irreversible neurovascular complications, the selection of these candidates may defeat the intent of pancreatic transplantation, i.e., the reversal, stabilization, or retardation of neurovascular complications. Also, advanced neurovascular complications in these candidates may result in serious morbidity and mortality after pancreatic transplantation. Our multidisciplinary Pancreas Transplant Evaluation Committee has developed tentative candidate criteria for insulin-dependent diabetic patients before ESDN. With the proposed criteria, candidates are selected who have predictors of future morbidity and mortality but who do not yet demonstrate irreversible neurovascular complications and an inexorable general course of deterioration. As pancreatic transplantation becomes more successful, candidate criteria must be continually reassessed to better identify those who may obtain maximal benefit.
Diabetes Care 1988 Sep
PMID:Pancreatic transplantation as treatment for IDDM. Proposed candidate criteria before end-stage diabetic nephropathy. The University of Michigan Pancreas Transplant Evaluation Committee. 250 44

Nine of 38 islet isolation experiments, using the duct collagenase technique, were selected for quality checks on isolated islet tissue. Pancreas was harvested, following aortic multi-organ perfusion. The total number of islets isolated amounted to 112,461 +/- 11,828 in 13.7 ml of suspension on average. In vitro secretion of beta cells was increased by a factor of 3.8 in response to glucose stimulation. Isolated islets in morphologically intact condition were detected by histological investigations. A new viability test (MTT, Sigma) for isolated pancreas islets worked well, in that it provided very soon information on islet survival in the wake of collagenase preparation. These results produced evidence to an improvement of technical conditions for clinical use of adult islet transplantation in cases of type I diabetes.
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PMID:[Isolation of islands of Langerhans from the human adult pancreas]. 314 48


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