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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We compared the urinary excretion of albumin, transferrin, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and alpha-1-microglobulin in 78 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: 39 with retinopathy and 39 without. The two groups were matched for age, sex and duration of diabetes. The patients with retinopathy had increased excretion (median and range) of albumin [1.7(0.3-399.1) versus 1.0(0.3-116.6) mg/mmol creatinine, P less than 0.05], transferrin [114.2 (4.1-37126.2) versus 33.4 (1.0-4176.7) micrograms/mmol creatinine, P less than 0.01] and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase [23.8 (1.1-119.1) versus 15.0 (0.1-65.1) mumol/h/mmol creatinine, P less than 0.05] but not alpha-1-microglobulin. Transferrin excretion correlated with albumin excretion. The prevalence of increased transferrin excretion (transferrinuria) was greater than that of microalbuminuria in patients both with and without retinopathy (P less than 0.01 in both cases). Urinary transferrin seems likely to be predominantly of glomerular origin and merits prospective longitudinal evaluation as a potential index of the microangiopathic process.
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PMID:Glomerular and tubular proteinuria in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. 137 79

Four hundred and six white caucasian patients with diabetes mellitus (243 male, mean age 54 +/- 16 (SD) years) were screened for haemochromatosis. Four patients had a fasting transferrin saturation > 62% and all were HLA A3 positive. Two were probable homozygotes for haemochromatosis and two heterozygotes. Homozygote haemochromatosis prevalence in this diabetic population was therefore 2/406 (0.0049) which is identical to that reported in the general population. These findings do not support a genetic relationship between the two conditions.
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PMID:Prevalence of haemochromatosis amongst patients with diabetes mellitus. 139 65

In an effort to establish a reliable programme for the clinical monitoring of renal involvement in patients with type-I diabetes mellitus, we quantified the urinary excretion of immunoglobulin G (IgG), transferrin (Tf), albumin (Alb), alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1MG), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and total protein in 130 dipstick negative children and young adults with type-I diabetes. Eighty-five sex- and age-matched healthy persons served as a control group for the definition of the upper reference limits (95th centiles; micrograms min-1 1.73 m2): transferrin 1.4; albumin 16.6; total protein 27.1; NAG: 2.0 mU min-1 1.73 m2. Sex-related differences were detected for IgG (men: 3.8; women: 1.7) and alpha 1 MG (men: 6.0; women: 4.0 micrograms min-1 1.73 m2). The urinary excretion of IgG, Tf, alpha 1MG, NAG, and total protein was significantly higher in subjects with diabetes when compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). Furthermore, 20 patients (15%) showed an elevated excretion of tubular markers (alpha 1MG and NAG), and 3 patients (2%) of at least two glomerular markers (Alb and/or Tf and/or IgG). Additionally, 18 individuals (14%) presented a mixed excretion pattern of both tubular and glomerular markers. These data suggest that the quantitation of both glomerular and tubular proteinuria provides a sensitive and cost-effective instrument for the non-invasive screening for renal involvement in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Quantitative assessment of urinary protein and enzyme excretion--a diagnostic programme for the detection of renal involvement in type I diabetes mellitus. 148 17

Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant status were studied in male patients having stable angina (SA) and unstable angina (UA) pectoris and the results were compared with that of controls. Lipid peroxides (LPx) and conjugated dienes (CD) were found to be elevated in patients with both SA (LPx: 3.96 +/- 1.07, P less than 0.001; CD: 357.09 +/- 66.23, P less than 0.01) and UA (LPx: 4.66 +/- 1.33, CD: 373.33 +/- 49.82, P less than 0.001) than in controls (LPx: 3.22 +/- 0.86, CD: 335.15 +/- 60.27). In SA, the erythrocytes expressed a diminished activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SA: 435.59 +/- 76.02, control: 651.69 +/- 145.90, P less than 0.001) and normal activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, whereas in UA it showed enhanced activities of both SOD (UA: 735.72 +/- 145.67, P less than 0.01) and catalase (UA: 21.94 +/- 6.26, control: 18.69 +/- 6.37, P less than 0.01). A significant increase was also noticed in the levels of ceruloplasmin and vitamin E during both types of angina, but not alteration was observed in the levels of transferrin. Further, the patients with diabetes showed maximum levels of lipid peroxides compared to smokers and hypertensives. The level of lipid peroxides was also observed to increase with the severity of disease. This study indicates that free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerotic heart disease.
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PMID:Antioxidant status in relation to free radical production during stable and unstable anginal syndromes. 163 72

The median rate of urinary transferrin excretion is greatly increased by exercise in subjects with uncomplicated type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. This increase is proportionally far greater than that seen in urinary albumin excretion rate after the same exercise. Non-diabetic control subjects showed no rise in urinary transferrin excretion rate following exercise. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase excretion rate was higher in diabetic than control groups but did not rise with exercise. Our results suggest that patients with apparently uncomplicated diabetes have abnormal renal function. In this group an elevated urinary transferrin excretion rate appears to be a more sensitive indicator of altered renal function than is elevated albumin excretion rate. The mechanism underlying exercise-induced urinary loss of transferrin remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Increased urinary transferrin excretion in exercising normoalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetic patients. 172 Feb 97

Bedside methods for the detection of microalbuminuria such as Microbumintest (TM) have the advantage of simplicity but not the specificity of radio-immunoassay. In the present study we assessed whether apparently inappropriate positive Microbumintest results in the presence of low urinary albumin concentrations could be accounted for by non-albumin proteinuria of glomerular or renal tubular origin. Urinary albumin and transferrin were considered to indicate glomerular proteinuria, and alpha-1-microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase to reflect tubular proteinuria. Microbumintest had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 67% to detect a urinary albumin concentration of 40 mg/l. Samples with albumin concentration less than 40 mg/l contained more total protein: 110 (78-155) v 60 (35-104) mg/l p less than 0.0001 (geometric means with 1 SD range), more albumin: 11.7 (5.1-26.8) v 5.4 (2.8-10.4) mg/l p less than 0.005 and more transferrin: 496 (191-1284) v 174 (78-389) micrograms/l p less than 0.001, in those testing positive with Microbumintest than in those testing negative. Microbumintest had a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 75% to detect an albumin concentration of 20 mg/l. In samples containing less than or equal to 20 mg/l albumin, the mean albumin concentration was no greater in those testing positive compared with those testing negative. However, total protein: 108 (72-161) v 60 (34-105) mg/l p less than 0.001, and transferrin: 326 (148-715) v 157 (78-316) micrograms/l p = 0.01 both remained increased in samples testing positive compared with those testing negative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Res 1990 Aug
PMID:Microbumintest and non-albumin proteinuria in diabetes. 172 Mar 63

Serum albumin, transferrin, transthyretin (prealbumin), and retinol binding protein concentrations were determined in 74 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus before and after a 10-day camp session during which blood glucose concentrations were controlled. Initial concentrations of albumin and transferrin in the subjects were not different from those in 21 children and adults without diabetes, and did not change during the study period. Transthyretin and retinol binding protein concentrations were lower in subjects with diabetes than in the control population, and increased from 182 +/- 49 mg/l and 42.5 +/- 13.4 mg/l to 232 +/- 71 mg/l and 47.2 +/- 13.5 mg/l, respectively. We observed correlations between the changes in transferrin, transthyretin, and retinol binding protein. Although reductions in glycated albumin and transferrin indicated improvement in blood glucose control, there was no correlation between changes in the glycated markers and the concentrations of serum transport proteins. Thus, serum protein concentrations were influenced by the metabolic control of diabetes, but did not directly reflect blood glucose.
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PMID:Effect of metabolic control on serum protein concentrations in diabetes. 175

Reported values for total body stores of chromium vary between 0.4 mg and 6 mg. Chromium stores may be higher in neonates than in adults, relative to body size, whereas tissular chromium may be depleted in the elderly. The recommended daily allowance for chromium is 50 to 200 micrograms/day but actual needs are poorly known. Digestive absorption is better for organic chromium, which is part of the "glucose tolerance factor" (GTF), than for inorganic chromium. Furthermore, chromium (VI) is better absorbed than chromium (III). In the body, chromium (VI) is rapidly reduced to chromium (III) by a number of metabolic pathways. Absorbed chromium binds to proteins, mainly to transferrin which exhibits a high affinity for chromium (III). Most absorbed chromium is eliminated through the kidneys. Renal excretion occurs according to a two or more-compartment model. Current methods used to assay chromium, i.e., atomic absorption spectrometry using a graphite furnace or neutron activation, are sufficiently sensitive and specific to evaluate chromium levels in blood, urine or hair. However, none of these levels accurately reflects chromium body stores. Chromium is part of the GTF molecule. This factor has no effect per se but may facilitate binding of insulin to insulin receptors and amplify the effects of insulin on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Chromium deficiency may play a role in a development of some forms of adult diabetes mellitus and of arteriosclerosis. Partial chromium deficiencies seem to be common, especially in individuals with high intakes of refined foods. Acute chromium poisoning is usually due to an excess of chromium (VI) and is sometimes seen in the chromium industry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Chromium: physiologic role and implications in human pathology]. 176 40

The measurement of small but abnormal amounts of albumin in urine is important in evaluating kidney disease in people with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or possible adverse health effects from exposure to nephrotoxins. Routine laboratory methods for measuring albumin are not sensitive enough to measure the amounts that are significant in urine (less than 30 mg/L). In our laboratory we used three immunoassays for measuring urinary albumin: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and immunoturbidimetric assay (IT). We calculated the CVs of the three methods, investigated potential interfering substances at three times their normal concentrations, and stored urine under different conditions to find the best way to protect the sample until assay. The potential interferents we checked were transferrin, urea, beta 2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, creatinine, kappa and lambda light chains, IgG, hemoglobin, ketone, and glucose. The stability study involved two study temperatures (-20 and -70 degrees C) and four treatments (centrifuging or filtering, before or after storage). We found the following: the RIA had the lowest CV; the results from the interference study showed no interference from normal physiological concentrations of the substances investigated; storage at -70 degrees C regardless of the treatment should be adequate to prevent loss of albumin immunoreactivity.
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PMID:Considerations when measuring urinary albumin: precision, substances that may interfere, and conditions for sample storage. 176 88

Iron overload was produced in Wistar rats by repeated intraperitoneal injections of ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe(3+)-NTA) for one to six months. Pancreatic tissues from these iron-overloaded rats and untreated controls were examined for insulin (for B cells), glucagon (for A cells), transferrin receptor (TfR), transferrin (Tf) and ferritin (Ft) using immunohistochemical methods, and for iron by histochemical Berlin blue staining. In the islets of iron-overloaded rats, increased Ft staining appeared prior to deposition of Berlin blue-stainable iron, and the staining intensity of Ft and iron was stronger in B cells than in A cells. In the islets of untreated control rats, the staining intensity of TfR was stronger in B cells than in A cells. TfR staining of the islets was weaker in iron-overloaded rats than in the controls. These findings suggest that 1) iron uptake by islet cells in vivo is regulated and mediated by TfR, 2) intracytoplasmic Ft transforms into stainable iron in iron-overloaded rats, and 3) predominance of TfR expression in B cells may result in selective deposition of iron and predispose B cells to damage and diabetes mellitus in iron-overloaded rats.
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PMID:Transferrin receptors and selective iron deposition in pancreatic B cells of iron-overloaded rats. 177 64


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