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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There are several types of obesity, and the metabolic conditions associated with these phenotypes are also heterogeneous. Obesity of the male (android) type shows a dominant visceral and upper thoracic distribution of adipose tissue, whereas in the feminine (gynecoid) type adipose tissue is found predominantly in the lower part of the body (hips and thighs). Android obesity is clearly a cardiovascular risk factor, more so than gynecoid obesity. Hereditary factors contribute significantly to the occurrence of this pathology in families, although environmental factors play a role in its development. Android obesity is associated with metabolic anomalies which also characterize the syndrome X: resistance to insulin, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. The predisposition of individuals with android obesity to become diabetic rests in part on genetic and in part on environmental factors. Hyperinsulinemia and a high flux of free fatty acids act at the level of liver and endocrine pancreas to increase resistance to insulin and to decrease insulin secretion, two determining factors for type II diabetes. Other functional anomalies have been involved to explain android obesity such as dysregulation of adrenocortical and sexual steroids or a global derangement of stress mechanisms. No significant proof, however, seems to support either one of these hypotheses.
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PMID:[Android-type obesity and gynecoid-type obesity]. 899 75

Obesity stands as a public health issue. Obesity prevalence is increasing throughout every industrialized country. Android obesity is linked with an increased cardiovascular mortality and with type 2 diabetes mellitis, thus calling for an early management of this disease. Several studies showed a significant association between an android fat distribution and an increased cortisol secretion, raising the still debated question of a causal relationship between the development of android obesity and hypercorticism. Moreover, android obese subjects exhibit reduced plasma testosterone and growth hormone levels, meaning complex hormonal abnormalities in these subjects. Current hypotheses suggest that android fat distribution depends on the association of these hormonal abnormalities. Android obese patients have supranormal free fatty acid plasma concentrations. Visceral fat tissue, through its portal drainage, could be an important source for free fatty acids that may exert complex metabolic effects: involvement in hepatic lipogenesis, increase in hepatic neoglucogenic flux, reduction in insulin metabolic clearance and involvement in peripheral insulin resistance through a competition mechanism described by Randle. Technics in vitro (isolated adipocytes) and in vivo in human (labelled fatty acid flux) showed that visceral fatty acid flux was increased in obese patients and subcutaneous adipose tissue, as opposed to common opinion, was also involved in free fatty acid pool in obese patients. Thus, visceral obesity and diabetes could be linked through an enhanced fatty acid availability from adipose tissues (visceral and subcutaneous) in otherwise genetically type 2 diabetes-prone individuals.
Diabetes Metab 2000 Jun
PMID:[Metabolic difference between visceral fat and subcutaneous abdominal fat]. 1094 44