Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Needle phobia in patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is difficult to manage. We report a case of long-standing needle phobia in a patient with 33 years of Type 1 diabetes mellitus who has developed very few vascular complications. Further studies are required to identify the prevalence of needle phobia in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Once these individuals have been identified, appropriate psychological and physical treatments should be implemented, in the hope of making such individuals less fearful of the treatment of their condition.
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PMID:Needle phobia in type 1 diabetes mellitus. 911 87

Insulin remains indispensable in the management of diabetes mellitus since its discovery in 1921. The foreignness of early available porcine and bovine insulin led to the development of human insulin by transpeptidation and biosynthesis in microorganisms. Needle phobia and stress of multiple daily injections led to the investigation and exploitation of all promising routes, ranging from nasal to rectal, by a wide variety of devices and delivery systems. This article describes the development of human insulin, various routes for delivery of insulin (including oral, nasal, buccal, rectal, and pulmonary), and various devices for regulated, safe, and convenient insulin delivery. The article reviews some recent advances in insulin delivery such as the bioresponsive and self-regulated insulin delivery system.
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PMID:Recent approaches in insulin delivery. 987 2