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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cutaneous signs of diabetes mellitus are extremely valuable to both the clinician and the researcher. Lesions such as necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, diabetic dermopathy, carotenemia idiopathic bullous eruptions of granuloma anulare alert the physician to consider the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Xanthomas reflect the status of glucose and lipid metabolism. Diabetic dermopathy might be a useful monitor of angiopathic changes in the heart, kidney and brain. Finally, the accessibility of the skin makes it an ideal organ for studying the pathogenesis of diabetes and the effect of medications on the vascular and neurological complications of diabetes.
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PMID:Cutaneous signs of diabetes mellitus. 79 52

The two cases described exhibited elastopathy associated with arterial stenosis (case 1) or aneurysms (case 2). The first was clearly a case of elastic pseudo-xanthoma with characteristic cutaneous lesions associated with retinal angioid streaks and severe arterial lesions, notably stenosis of the vertebral arteries (especially the left) causing disorders in the mechanism of balance. There were, in addition, mild diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and abnormal cutaneous pigmentation. The second patient, an African, had been hospitalised for an optochiasmatic syndrome which further investigation, notably by arteriography, indicated was caused by compression of the visual pathways due to massive bilateral carotid aneurysms. The patient had molluscoid pseudo-tumours of the axillae and she reported that her father was in the same condition. Although in the first case, cutaneous biopsy enabled diagnosis of systematized elastorrhexis to be confirmed, histological investigation in the second case revealed mainly hyaline sclerosis of the deep dermal layer. The diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos disease, suggested for this second patient, could not be confirmed. These two cases emphasize the possibility of various neurological disorders occurring in the course of dystrophy of the connectivo elastic tissue.
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PMID:[Cutaneous elastopathy and vascular anomalies associated with neurological disorders. Apropos of 2 cases]. 120 57

Xanthomas are important clinical manifestations of a variety of disorders, including lipoprotein abnormalities, hypothyroidism, diabetes and certain forms of cancer. Many patients with these lesions are also at risk for premature atherosclerosis. Family physicians are often the first to recognize xanthomas. Early detection and identification of the lesions leads to appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the related diseases.
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PMID:Clinical significance and treatment of xanthomas. 192 35

A 59-year-old woman, one of 5 cases with familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia reported at our clinic to date, had nephrotic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, but had neither coronary atherosclerosis nor xanthoma. A renal biopsy specimen revealed a massive cluster of foam cells containing apolipoprotein B and E in the mesangial region of the kidney. A restricted diet intake combined with lipid-lowering drugs such as cholestyramine, clinofibrate, and bezafibrate, in addition to methylprednisolone was not very effective in lowering serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels within physiological ranges. Therefore, plasmapheresis, using a dextran sulfate-cellulose column, was performed. Repeated plasmapheresis resulted in a marked decrease in both serum total cholesterol and triglyceride. A second renal biopsy specimen performed 2 years later revealed a marked reduction in foam cells with concurrent improvement in her nephrotic syndrome and glucose intolerance. These results suggest that familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia may be responsible for glomerular lipidosis resulting in nephrotic syndrome. They also indicate that plasmapheresis using a dextran sulfate-cellulose column is very effective in the removal of abnormal lipoproteins such as beta-very low density lipoprotein and intermediate density lipoprotein in a case of familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia.
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PMID:Effects of plasmapheresis on familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia associated with glomerular lipidosis, nephrotic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. 231 Apr 24

Two patients with hypertriglyceridaemia which was diagnosed several years before the onset of diabetes are described. In the first case a 54-year-old man presented with hypertriglyceridaemia and normal glucose tolerance. After 4 years he developed severe hypertriglyceridaemia (22 mmol/l) which was first ascribed to poor compliance but soon afterwards diabetes was diagnosed and good blood glucose control minimized the hypertriglyceridaemia. The second patient, a female, aged 27 years, with the polycystic ovarian syndrome, presented with eruptive xanthoma after several years of mild hyperlipidaemia. There was severe hyperlipidaemia (triglyceride 140 mmol/l, cholesterol 42 mmol/l) which required urgent plasmapheresis. Diabetes was diagnosed and treated with insulin at this time but the patient was taking the oral contraceptive pill and also had a deficiency of apolipoprotein CII.
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PMID:Hypertriglyceridaemia and diabetes mellitus: cause or effect? 296 35

A study of non-infective skin associations of diabetes mellitus was conducted on 100 consecutive outpatient diabetics over a 3-month period. 10 were insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM), 24 insulin-requiring and 66 non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDDM). A total skin evaluation was done for each patient with skin biopsy whenever appropriate. Twenty-three patients had diabetic dermopathy; the frequency of retinopathy in this group (39.1%) is significantly higher than that without diabetic dermopathy (6.9%) (p less than 0.001). There were 20 instances of cutaneous complications of therapy; 10 had insulin lipodystrophy (29.4% of 34 insulin users). Twelve patients, 8 of whom were overweight, had acanthosis nigricans. There were 6 Indians among them and all the patients had NIDDM. Eight had xanthelasma. Vitiligo occurred in 3.3% of those with NIDDM. Classical scleredema diabeticorum and cheiroarthropathy occurred in 2% of patients. One patient had atypical granuloma annulare. There was a higher incidence of xanthelasma in our study compared with studies done previously. Insulin lipodystrophy and acanthosis nigricans in the absence of classically described syndromes of insulin resistance seem to be fairly common phenomena and merit further investigation locally.
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PMID:Non-infective skin associations of diabetes mellitus. 322 40

A 50-year-old man suffering from cholestatic hepatitis and diabetes mellitus with hyperlipoproteinaemia had small, painful, slightly elevated, reddish, firm indurated plaques on his soles. Histologically, the lesions were composed of a centrally located cutaneous nerve surrounded by concentric layers of xanthoma cells. Electron microscopy showed the cutaneous nerves to be unmyelinated, their axons were vacuolated and contained dense bodies. The xanthoma cells had the same ultrastructural features as those observed in usual xanthomatous lesions. We suggest that this entity be named perineural xanthoma.
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PMID:Perineural xanthoma. 380 10

The ability to recognize diverse clinical forms of xanthomas, such as tuberous, planar, eruptive and tendinous, is important in the detection of underlying systemic disease. A variety of primary genetic disorders, as well as numerous secondary conditions such as diabetes, obstructive liver disease, thyroid disease, renal disease, and pancreatitis, can lead to hyperlipoproteinemia that results in the formation not only of xanthomas but also of life-threatening vascular atherosclerosis. An understanding of the pathogenesis of the underlying lipoprotein alterations provides a rational approach to therapy utilizing dietary manipulations and drugs. Such treatment is capable of correcting most disorders of lipid metabolism, and, if appropriate therapy is initiated at the first sign of xanthoma evolution, it may prevent progression of atherosclerosis, provide resolution of xanthomas, and in some instances prevent serious pancreatitis.
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PMID:Xanthomas and hyperlipidemias. 403 Nov 42

The authors survey the modern classification of progeria and report on a 12-year old girl suffering from lipodystrophia totalis and diabetes mellitus (Lawrence-Seip-syndrome). The girl developed sclerodermiform changes at the age of one year, at her 10th year acanthosis nigricans, xanthoma tuberosum Fredrickson hyperlipoproteinaemie IV, later II/B type and finally at an age of 11 1/2 year diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[Premature aging syndromes with special reference to lipodystrophy (a case report)]. 661 24

A series of 39 subjects, aged under 70, had the numbers of lipid globules counted in the slit lamp within 4 regions of the right eye and 4 regions of the left. The counting was repeated after an averaged period of 12 months (range 7-20 months). The investigation disclosed that the number of lipid globules rises. No instances were detected of a fall in their number, allowance being made for errors of measurement, assessed on the basis of blind double counting. The degeneration is not positively correlated to xanthelasma, diabetes mellitus, or presenile arcus.
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PMID:Episcleral and subconjunctival lipid deposits. One year follow-up. 662 14


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