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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neutrophil granulocyte chemotaxis and intraneutrophilic and plasma levels of lysozyme as well as the number of T and B lymphocytes and lymphocyte transformation in vitro on stimulation with mitogens and microbial antigens were studied in four groups of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Twelve patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and ketoacidosis and 4 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were studied at the time of diagnosis and before and after start of treatment. Ten patients with IDDM of less than 10 years' duration which had been difficult to regulate well and 10 patients with IDDM well regulated for more than 20 years were studied at their regular outpatient visits. Apart from a slight increase in plasma lysozyme in group 1 from the first to the second examination, we found no differences between diabetics and healthy control persons. It is concluded that if patients with DM are more susceptible to infections, it is probably caused by elements of neutrophil or lymphocyte function not examined in this study or by factors unrelated to immunity.
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PMID:Neutrophil and lymphocyte function in patients with diabetes mellitus. 698 Dec 86

The immune and autoimmune aspects of diabetes mellitus are reviewed. Emphasis is given to the clinical association of diabetes with other autoimmune disease; the increased incidence of organ-specific autoimmunity in diabetic patients; the occurrence of humoral and cell-mediated antipancreas (islet) autoimmunity in diabetes; the association of HLA with juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and with certain specific subpopulations of diabetic patients; the possible role of viruses in the etiology of diabetes; and the occurrence of alterations in humoral and cell-mediated immunity, granulocyte function, and the host defense against infectious agents in human diabetics and in animals with experimental diabetes.
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PMID:Immune and autoimmune aspects of diabetes mellitus. 699 82

Granulocyte adherence in 10 of 15 untreated asymptomatic hyperglycemic diabetic outpatients (mean fasting glucose +/- SEM, 289 +/- 16 mg/100 ml) was 62 +/- 7% of control values. After treatment (2--4 wk) with tolazamide (500 mg daily), adherence to the nylon fiber columns employed in this study returned to control levels in the seven patients whose fasting glucose levels fell, (mean, 192 +/- 16 mg/100 ml) and deteriorated in the three in whom fasting hyperglycemia worsened. Results of this study indicate that, even in some mildly diabetic patients, a reduction in granulocyte adherence similar to that found in insulin-dependent diabetics may impair the inflammatory response.
Diabetes 1980 Apr
PMID:Impaired granulocyte adherence in mildly diabetic patients: effects of tolazamide treatment. 735 29

The blood granulocyte zinc content is liable to be reduced in hepatocirrhosis, chronic glomerulonephritis presenting with nephrotic syndrome, chronic enteritis, diabetes mellitus, and in frequent and excessive sweating, as evidence by a study conducted with the aid of a cytochemical dithizone test. A short discussion is given on potentials for application of the cytochemical dithizone test as a diagnostic aid to the study of the blood granulocyte zinc content in zinc deficiency states.
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PMID:[The cytochemical dithizone reaction of the blood granulocytes in zinc-deficient states]. 760 96

Many clinical and experimental data are in favour of a participation of leukocytes in vascular disease. Diabetes, a risk factor, is associated with a dysfunction of neutrophils. If chemotaxis and phagocytosis are deficient, it is not clearly established whether superoxide generation is conserved in these patients. We have measured this function in 35 noninsulin dependent diabetic patients, compared with a control population. We have assessed, in parallel, a profile of the cytokines involved in vascular phenomenons including TNF alpha, IL-1 beta et IL-6. Our results indicate that the generation of free radicals is normal in diabetics, with a significant elevation of TNF alpha. These results suggest a possible participation of this cytokine in the modulation of granulocyte reactivity.
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PMID:[Respiratory burst of neutrophils and cytokine profile in the non-insulin-dependent diabetic]. 765 Apr 34

A Terasaki plate microculture system was developed to examine cytokine secretion by cultured islets of Langerhans from non-obese diabetic (NOD) and non-diabetic strains of mice. NOD islets were also scored for the degree of infiltrating mononuclear cell release after overnight culture to see if this correlated with cytokine levels. Each of the cytokines studied, i.e. granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-2, IL-3 and IL-4, showed different patterns of production. For NOD islets, GM-CSF and IL-3 levels correlated with the degree of infiltrate release, although production was not confined to islets that released mononuclear cells in vitro. However, GM-CSF differed from IL-3 in that it was produced by islets from some non-diabetic strains of mice, whereas IL-3 production was confined to NOD islets. Surprisingly little IL-2 could be detected in NOD islet supernatants and message for IL-2 was not detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Finally, male NOD islets produced more IL-4 than females, possibly related to the lower incidence of diabetes in males, but unlike GM-CSF and IL-3, IL-4 production did not correlate with the degree of infiltrate released in culture. Overall the results show a complicated pattern of cytokine production that may be associated with destructive or protective responses. This was particularly illustrated by the fact that islet production of all cytokines temporarily ceased in male NOD mice between 6 and 10 weeks of age, a phenomenon not seen in females.
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PMID:Differential patterns of production of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, IL-2, IL-3 and IL-4 by cultured islets of Langerhans from non-obese diabetic and non-diabetic strains of mice. 771 17

Capillary closure in diabetic retinopathy may be initiated by lumenal occlusion by granulocytes. To determine whether subjects with diabetes mellitus have less deformable granulocytes than healthy subjects, granulocyte deformability was measured by mean entry time into a model capillary system in 16 diabetic-nondiabetic pairs. Granulocyte F-(filamentous) actin content between groups was compared, under basal conditions and after cellular stimulation. The relationship of granulocyte deformability to several diabetes-related variables was examined. Diabetic granulocytes were only 9% +/- 22% less deformable than normal granulocytes (p = 0.16). Deformability was increased in subjects with retinopathy and those with the worst glycemic control (r = 0.61, p = 0.026); both findings were in the opposite direction from that predicted. Basal and stimulated granulocyte F-actin content did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.2 for all assays). Although granulocytes may be important in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, granulocyte deformability (measured by mean entry time) and F-actin content are not significantly different between healthy patients and those with diabetes.
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PMID:Granulocyte deformability and F-actin content: relationship to diabetes mellitus and retinopathy. 814 Nov 43

Little is known about the receptor and post receptor mechanisms of sympathoadrenal signal transmission in type I diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we examined the maximum binding of granulocyte beta 2-adrenoceptors and the in vitro c-AMP accumulation in lymphocytes of 24 children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus and 14 similarly aged healthy subjects. The number of high affinity beta 2-adrenoceptors on granulocytes correlated significantly with unstimulated (r = 0.6, P < 0.004) and with isoproterenol stimulated c-AMP values in lymphocytes (r = 0.68, P < 0.0007) showing the proportional changes of beta 2-adrenoceptors and c-AMP in two different cells. The number of beta 2-adrenoceptors on granulocytes was significantly reduced in diabetic as compared to healthy children (median 1397, range 599-3405 vs. 2205, 825-3200 beta 2-adrenoceptors per granulocyte, P = 0.014). Moreover, the percentage in vitro stimulation of c-AMP by isoproterenol in lymphocytes was significantly reduced in diabetic children as compared to healthy individuals (120%, 39%-278% vs. 225%, 66%-500%, P = 0.012). These results indicate a decreased sympathoadrenergic signal transmission in peripheral blood cells as a model for the liver probably contributing to severe hypoglycaemia in diabetic children.
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PMID:Decreased beta 2-adrenoceptor density and decreased isoproterenol induced c-AMP increase in juvenile type I diabetes mellitus: an additional cause of severe hypoglycaemia in childhood diabetes? 822 79

Several lines of evidence point to abnormalities of the phenotype, cytokine responses, and function of cells of the myeloid lineage in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. In this study we have characterized the phenotype and myeloid progenitor function of NOD bone marrow. Two hematopoietic differentiation antigens, Ly-6C and AA4.1, are expressed abnormally on NOD bone marrow cells. While multilineage erythromyeloid progenitor cells (day 12 CFU-S) are normal in number in NOD mice, more differentiated myeloid progenitors are deficient in their in vitro responses to IL-3, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-5. Since the diabetes-predisposing Idd-5 gene of NOD mice maps close to the IL-1 receptor, we tested NOD bone marrow cells for a defect in synergy between IL-1 and IL-3; no defect was found. The defects in myelopoiesis described here may predispose the NOD mouse to autoimmunity by impairing macrophage maturation.
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PMID:Bone marrow abnormalities in the non-obese diabetic mouse. 845 15

Thirty-eight lesions found by physical and/or radiological examination in 25 patients with long-term diabetes mellitus were studied in order to evaluate the clinical utility of immunoscintigraphy using 99Tcm-labelled anti-granulocyte monoclonal antibodies (MAb BW 250/183) for the diagnosis of infectious pathology in diabetic foot. All the patients underwent three-phase bone scintigraphy with 740 MBq 99Tcm-methylene disphosphonate. Immunoscintigraphy was performed 4 and 24 h after administration of 500 MBq of the labelled antibody by planar selective views. Uptake intensity was scored 0 to 4 (0 = normal, 1 = mildly increased, 2 = moderately increased, 3 = intense, 4 = very intense) when compared with adjacent or contralateral uninvolved bone marrow and soft tissue. Several projections were performed and anatomical references of bone scan were used to determine whether the lesion involved the bone or soft tissue. Definitive diagnoses were 15 osteomyelitis, 14 soft tissue lesions (nine cellulitis and five noninfected ischaemic or trophic wounds), and nine degenerative bone disease. 99Tcm-granulocyte scintigraphy showed increased uptake in seven soft tissue lesions, in four of which exclusively soft tissue involvement was demonstrated by scintigraphy. Only one false negative scintigraphic finding was observed (chronic osteomyelitis). No abnormal anti-granulocyte antibody uptake was observed in degenerative lesions. Based on our observations, immunoscintigraphy with 99Tcm-MAb BW250/183 has a sensitivity of 93% in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis involving diabetic patients' feet. Although it is feasible to distinguish exclusive soft tissue involvement, this is still the main cause of misdiagnosis in current clinical practice.
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PMID:Diabetic foot infections: scintigraphic evaluation with 99Tcm-labelled anti-granulocyte antibodies. 845 12


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