Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Zinc, iron and copper concentrations were measured in several organs from streptozotocin-diabetic and normal male, Long-Evans rats that were maintained for 21 days on a dietary regimen designed to study the combined or singular effects of insulin-dependent diabetes, dietary protein and dietary minerals on the tissue content of trace metals. The diets contained either 20 ppm zinc and iron, 5 ppm copper and 20% protein (HMHP); 8 ppm zinc and iron, 2 ppm copper and 8.3% protein (LMLP); 20 ppm zinc and iron, 5 ppm copper and 8.3% protein (HMLP) or 8 ppm zinc and iron, 2 ppm copper and 20% protein (LMHP). The concentrations of zinc, iron and copper in liver, zinc and iron in kidney and iron in femur were elevated in the diabetic rats and were not influenced by dietary protein and mineral interaction. However, dietary protein, mineral or protein X mineral interaction significantly affected trace metal concentrations of several organs in diabetic rats but had no significant effect in normal rats. Specifically, copper concentration in kidney and duodenum of diabetic rats were influenced by protein X mineral interaction, duodenal zinc concentrations were higher in diabetic rats fed high mineral diets (HMHP and HMLP) compared to diabetic rats fed low mineral diets (LMHP and LMLP) and femur zinc concentration was higher in diabetic rats fed high protein diets (HMHP and LMLP) compared to diabetic rats fed low protein diets (HMLP and LMLP). While hepatic picolinic carboxylase was elevated severalfold in diabetic rats, it was highest in the diabetic rats fed high protein diets (HPHM and HPLM) suggesting that picolinic acid may, at least in part, mediate the effects of dietary protein and minerals on tissue trace metal concentrations in diabetic rats.
 ...
PMID:Effects of the interrelationship between dietary protein and minerals on tissue content of trace metals in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. 669 77

A 64-year old white female who had a history of diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and Evan's syndrome (autoimmune hemolytic anemia plus thrombocytopenia) was admitted for orthopedic evaluation of an inflamed finger. She gave a history of patchy, pruritic lobster-red flush on her face, neck and chest and upper extremities after meals or after emotional distress. She was examined and a gastric carcinoid with liver metastases was found. The tissue diagnosis was made by gastric endoscopic and liver biopsies.
 ...
PMID:Gastric carcinoid syndrome diagnosed by endoscopy. 730 40

The study was carried out using a new rat model of naturally occurring obese, nonketotic diabetes, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rat (Kawano et al., Diabetes 41: 1422-1428, 1992), which closely resembles obese noninsulin-dependent diabetes in human. At the age of 3.5 wk, body weight, glucose tolerance and plasma insulin level after glucose load were normal in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats, indicating the animals are at nonobese, prediabetic phase. At this age, however, glucose-stimulated insulin release by pancreatic islets in vitro was abnormally exaggerated whereas the islet insulin content and glucose metabolism by the islet cells were normal. Administration of diazoxide (0.2% in diet), an inhibitor of insulin secretion, to Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats from the age of 4 to 12 wk completely prevented the development of obesity and insulin resistance, which was accompanied by marked improvement of glucose tolerance and disappearance of exaggerated B cell response to glucose in vitro. This is the first report of successful pharmacological prevention of genetically determined obese diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Prophylaxis of genetically determined diabetes by diazoxide: a study in a rat model of naturally occurring obese diabetes. 756 49

The Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat develops hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and mild obesity, features that closely resemble those in human non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Here, we report a gene involved in the development of diabetes in OLETF rats. Segregation studies using OLETF and an unrelated strain, F344 showed that no diabetes was observed in F1 progeny and less than 12.5% of the F2 progeny developed diabetes, suggesting that multiple recessive genes are involved in the disease. Interestingly, diabetes was observed in approximately 40% of (OLETF female x LETO male) F1 male rats, whereas less than 4% of males were diabetic in the reverse F1 mating. This suggested that the LETO rat which has been established from the same original colony as the OLETF rat shares some, but not all, diabetogenic genes with the OLETF, and that one of the responsible genes locates on the X-chromosome. Linkage study using (OLETF female x F344 male)F2 progeny has confirmed that one of the diabetogenic loci in the OLETF rats locates on the X-chromosome 14 cM distant from the AR gene (LOD = 2.598) and has been designated as ODB-1.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995 Feb
PMID:A diabetogenic gene (ODB-1) assigned to the X-chromosome in OLETF rats. 760 56

Studies were made on the effectiveness of caloric restriction in preventing the development of diabetes mellitus in a model rat (Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty; OLETF) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Groups of 8 male OLETF rats aged 5 weeks were supplied with rat chow ad libitum (100% group) and 85% and 70% of the amount of food consumed by the 100% group (85% and 70% groups, respectively). The average weights of the 100%, 85% and 70% groups were 617, 536 and 450 g at 19 weeks of age and their abdominal fat deposits were 50, 38 and 21 g, respectively, at 22 weeks of age when they were killed. At 20 weeks of age, the cumulative incidences of diabetes mellitus in the 100%, 85% and 70% groups were 67%, 13% and zero, respectively. The plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels 60 and 120 min after oral glucose administration were significantly lower in the 70% group than in the other groups. In vivo insulin-stimulated glucose uptake measured by a euglycemic clamp technique, was significantly higher in the 70% group than in the 100% group. There was no significant difference in the glucose transporter 4 protein levels of skeletal muscles in the three groups, but the highest ratio of glucose transporter 4 in the plasma membrane to that in intracellular membranes was observed in the 70% group. Morphological studies on the pancreas of rats in the 100% group showed enlarged multilobulated fibrotic islets, whereas sections of islets of rats in the other groups appeared normal, though slightly enlarged. These results demonstrate that caloric restriction is effective in preventing NIDDM in diabetes-prone rats, probably due to increased insulin sensitivity.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995 Feb
PMID:Is caloric restriction effective in preventing diabetes mellitus in the Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima fatty rat, a model of spontaneous non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus? 760 57

To identify the primary disorder causing diabetes mellitus in a model rat (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty [OLETF]) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we studied the temporal relationship between insulin resistance and impairment of pancreatic beta-cell function. Groups of 28 male OLETF rats and male nondiabetic control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were given an intravenous (i.v.) glucose and glucagon tolerance test (IVGTT) and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp tests at 10, 16, 24, and 40 weeks of age. After the euglycemic clamp test, abdominal fat was measured and the pancreas was examined histologically. At 16 weeks of age, insulin-mediated whole-body glucose uptake as measured by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique was significantly reduced in OLETF rats (glucose infusion rat [GIR], 40.9 +/- 4.2 mumol/kg.min) as compared with LETO rats (78.4 +/- 6.9). On the other hand, plasma insulin responses to glucose and glucagon in OLETF rats were higher than those in LETO rats at 16 and 24 weeks of age, but clearly decreased at 40 weeks of age (sigma immunoreactive insulin [IRI] to glucagon, 8.81 +/- 1.81 v 27.32 +/- 4.59 nmol.min in OLETF and LETO rats, respectively, P < .01). Abdominal fat deposition was significantly greater in OLETF rats than in LETO rats at all ages tested except 10 weeks. Pancreatic islets of OLETF rats became enlarged and fibrotic. These results demonstrated that insulin resistance preceded impairment of pancreatic beta-cell function in OLETF rats, and that insulin resistance seemed closely related to fat deposition in the abdominal cavity.
 ...
PMID:Which is the primary etiologic event in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats, a model of spontaneous non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, or impaired insulin secretion? 761 55

The mouse obese gene product, expressed specifically in adipose tissue, regulates energy balance in mice. Mutation of the obese gene results in marked obesity and type II diabetes as part of a syndrome that resembles morbid obesity in humans. Here we report the cloning and sequencing of rat obese cDNA. Neither alterations of nucleotide sequence in the coding region nor changes of the gene structure were found in two rat strains with obesity, Zucker (fa/fa) and Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty. The expression level of obese mRNA in adipose tissue of Zucker (fa/fa) rat was found to be about 4 times that in lean littermates, suggesting some mutation or abnormal expression of the receptor for the obese product in obese rats of this strain.
 ...
PMID:Cloning of rat obese cDNA and its expression in obese rats. 773 88

The effect of acute arterial hypertension on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was studied in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats using Evans blue as a barrier tracer. Four groups of rats were studied: Group 1, normotensive normoglycemia; Group II, normotensive+diabetes mellitus; Group III, arterial hypertension+diabetes mellitus; Group IV, arterial-hypertension+normoglycemia. During adrenaline-induced acute arterial hypertension the mean arterial blood pressure increased in both non-diabetic and diabetic animals. Changes in BBB permeability were observed in 52% of the non-diabetic rats, and in 72% of the diabetic rats after adrenaline-induced acute arterial hypertension. Mean levels of Evans blue in the whole brain were found to be 0.63 +/- 0.1 mg% in non-diabetic and 0.90 +/- 0.2 mg% in diabetic rats. The difference between the non-diabetic and the diabetic rats was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). From these results it was suggested that the extravasation of Evans blue albumin is more pronounced in the brains of diabetic rats in comparison with non-diabetic rats after adrenaline-induced acute hypertension, which is indicative of changes in BBB permeability due to diabetes mellitus.
 ...
PMID:Influence of acute arterial hypertension on blood-brain barrier permeability in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. 778 78

Exercise training every day has been shown to be effective in preventing the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in a model rat (Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF)). For determination of whether less vigorous exercise training also has a protective effect against the development of NIDDM in this model, seven male OLETF rats each were assigned to training every other day, every 3 days and every 7 days from 6 to 30 weeks of age. At 30 weeks of age, rats trained every other day, 3 days, 7 days and sedentary rats weighed averages of 547, 548, 603 and 695 g and had abdominal fat deposits of 28, 24, 32 and 72 g, respectively. The mean meterages of running of rats trained every other day, 3 days and 7 days over the whole experimental period were 9630, 5166 and 1685 m/week, respectively. At 30 weeks of age, the cumulative incidence of NIDDM in sedentary rats was 85.7% (6/7), while none of the trained rats became diabetic except for one of rats trained every 7 days. The glucose infusion rate (GIR), an index of insulin sensitivity, in the group trained every 7 days, 60.6 +/- 5.0 mumol.kg-1.min-1, was significantly greater than that in the sedentary group, 21.7 +/- 1.7 mumol.kg-1.min-1. Morphological studies on the pancreas of rats trained every other day and every 3 days showed minimal changes of islets, whereas sections of islets from rats trained every 7 days appeared enlarged and fibrotic, though significantly less so than the islets of sedentary rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1994 Apr
PMID:Effects of difference in amount of exercise training on prevention of diabetes mellitus in the Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima fatty rats, a model of spontaneous non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 792 74

The incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a model rat (Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty [OLETF]) has been shown to be much higher in males than in females. To evaluate the role of sex hormones in the development of diabetes in this model, we performed biochemical and morphological studies on the effects of castration and sex hormones on the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in these rats. The rats were randomly assigned to six groups of 10 rats each, three groups of males and three of females. Two of the male groups and two of the female groups were castrated at 5 weeks of age, and the third male and female groups received sham operations. From 9 to 30 weeks of age, one group of castrated males received testosterone enanthate (1 mg-wk-1) and one group of castrated females received estradiol valerate (1 mg.wk-1). The other castrated groups received an equal volume of vehicle only. At 30 weeks of age, the cumulative incidences of diabetes mellitus in the sham-operated male and female rats were 100% and 0%, respectively. Orchiectomy reduced the incidence of diabetes to 20%, whereas ovariectomy increased it to 30%. Administration of sex hormones restored the incidence to 89% in males and 0% in females. In vivo insulin-stimulated glucose uptake as measured with a euglycemic clamp was reduced in sham-operated males, castrated males with hormone replacement (HR), and castrated females without HR as compared with sham-operated females and castrated females with HR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Sexual difference in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima-Fatty rats: effects of castration and sex hormone replacement on its incidence. 793 71


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>