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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to KK mice during the neonatal period resulted in a syndrome of obesity, stunting and hypogonadism. In some animals the genetic predisposition to diabetes was unmasked with the development of marked hyperglycaemia and or hyperinsulinaemia. Food intake was not increased compared to controls. The elevated plasma glucose and insulin in fed MSG treated mice fell rapidly with food deprivation. Glucose disposal was comparable in MSG treated and control mice after IP glucose, but after oral glucose MSG treated mice showed impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin secretion was defective in MSG treated mice after IP but not after oral glucose.
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PMID:Effects of monosodium glutamate administration in the neonatal period on the diabetic syndrome in KK mice. 100 51

The relationships between plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon were studied in geese made diabetic by subtotal pancreatectomy. As early as the first hours after the operation, the plasma glucose increases and a permanent diabetes develops. This diabetic state is characterized by two features: a very low plasma insulin level, which does not vary during the survival of the diabetic animals and a concentration of plasma glucagon (of pancreatic origin) which transiently diminishes then rises far above the normal level, and is correlated with the basal concentration of plasma glucose. The impaired glucose tolerance observed in diabetic animals is related to the suppression of the glucose-insulin and glucose-glucagon feedback mechanisms.
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PMID:Glucose, insulin and glucagon in the diabetic goose. 100 1

1. A comparative cross-over trial of mefruside and cyclopenthiazide, each drug being given for 6 weeks, was conducted on thirty hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. Other antihypertensive therapy, any antidiabetic therapy and potassium supplementation were kept constant throughout the trial. Dosages of mefruside and cyclopenthiazide were adjusted to give approximately equal blood pressure levels in the two drug periods. 2. There was no significant difference in the following parameters studied during the sixth week of each of the two periods of drug therapy: serum electrolytes, total CO2, chloride, urea, amylase, haemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, platelet and white blood cell counts, lying and standing blood pressure and pulse rate, weight, fasting and 2-h glucose and insulin levels and five-value glucose and insulin curve areas, fasting calcium and phosphate. 3. Serum creatinine and uric acid showed a small but significant fall during mefruside therapy.
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PMID:Effect of equivalent antihypertensive doses of mefruside and cyclopenthiazide on serum electrolytes, uric acid and glucose tolerance in hypertensive patients. 109 62

Eight male patients with cystic fibrosis, normal nutrition, normal physical activity, relatively mild pulmonary disease, no evidence of liver disease and no family history of diabetes mellitus underwent a series of carbohydrate tolerance tests in comparison with a group of 18 normal male subjects matched for age and body weight. Compared with the normal group, the patients with cystic fibrosis had significantly impaired glucose tolerance and significantly lower serum immunoreactive insulin levels during oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests; serum insulin levels were also significantly lower after intravenous administration of tolbutamide in the patients with cystic fibrosis, but the reduction in blood glucose concentration in each group was not significantly different. During an intravenous insulin test, the decrease in blood glucose concentration was the same for both groups, in spite of significantly lower serum insulin levels in the patients with cystic fibrosis .The percentage fall in plasma free fatty acids was at least as great in the patients with cystic fibrosis as in normals during the test procedures; while a significant decrease in plasma alpha-amino nitrogen after intravenously administered insulin was seen only in the patients with cystic fibrosis. These studies suggest that the carbohydrate intolerance of cystic fibrosis is consequent upon an impaired insulin response to glucose, but that this insulin deficiency is partly compensated for by increased peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin.
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PMID:Endogenous and exogenous insulin responses in patients with cystic fibrosis. 111 Aug 65

The use of continuous indirect calorimetry in the course of a 100 g OGTT in 10 normal subjects has shown that carbohydrate oxidation rises with the secondary fall in blood glucose, suggesting that it could result from glucose stored under the influence of insulin. The experimental increase in FFA by a neutral fat infusion in 8 normal subjects decreased this oxidation in spite of the insulin rise. In a group of 5 non-obese, non-ketotic insulin-deficient diabetics, carbohydrate oxidation was found to be normal and directly correlated with plasma glucose levels. On the other hand, in 7 obese diabetics with high plasma insulin levels carbohydrate oxidation was found to be low, suggesting that carbohydrate intolerance could result from the non-oxidation of glucose. This study shows heterogeneity of diabetes, since glucose intolerance could result from non-oxidation of glucose as well as from insufficient pancreatic secretion.
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PMID:[Measurement of carbohydrate oxidation by means of indirect continuous calorimetry in normal and diabetic subjects]. 112 56

We have studied the prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, in a cohort of 199 offspring of conjugal diabetic parents. Although the prevalence of already known diabetes was low (11.5 per cent), twenty-eight of 123 tested offspring (23 per cent), ranging in age from ten to sixty (mean 32.6) years had latent diabetes on their initial glucose tolerance test. Eighty of 123 tested offspring had a normal initial glucose tolerance test. Forty-one of those whose first glucose tolerance test was normal were retested after a mean of 9.4 years and showed no significant change in mean glucose tolerance. On the basis of questionnaire data only, we estimate that cumulatively 36.5 per cent of offspring will have diabetes by the age of sixty years. However, if all offspring are routinely surveyed with glucose tolerance tests, 60 per cent will have abnormal glucose tolerance by the age of sixty years. In view of the high prevalence of asymptomatic latent diabetes, genetic studies of diabetes should not be based on questionnaire data. In six families all offspring were diabetic; in twenty-one families there was a mixture of diabetic and nondiabetic offspring; and in ten none of the offspring was diabetic. The finding of families with no diabetic offspring suggests the possibility of genetic heterogeneity of diabetes in the parents. Most of the parents had maturity-onset diabetes with a mean age at diagnosis of 54.5 years of age. Diabetes among their offspring was generally of a mild maturity-onset type. Only 2 per cent of offspring at risk had developed juvenile-onset type diabetes. Thus the prevalence of any metabolic abnormalities in offspring of two maturity-onset type parents cannot be assumed to be relevant to the offspring of parents with juvenile-onset type diabetes.
Diabetes 1975 May
PMID:Prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance in 199 offspring of thirty-seven conjugal diabetic parents. 112 89

Ninety-five pregnant women, not previously known to have diabetes but suspected of being at risk for the disease because of obesity, glycosuria, family history, or obstetric history, underwent oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests in the last trimester of pregnancy. Several methods were used to categorize the degree of abnormality, but none was of value in predicting pregnancy outcome. Perinatal mortality and malformation rates in the offspring of these women were no greater than those of the over-all infant population at this Center and were much lower than those in infants born to women with overt diabetes. Causes of infant morbidity were not increased, with the exception of overweight babies, hypoglycemia, and hypocalcemia. Umbilical vein glucose level correlated significantly with the mothers' blood glucose at the time of delivery. Cord insulin level correlated with infant birth weight and with University Group Diabetes Program number. Birth weight correlated with the degree of the mothers' obesity. It was concluded the documentation of the degree of glucose intolerance in the mother is of little value in predicting fetal outcome but may indicate infants at risk for hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia.
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PMID:Effect of abnormal glucose tolerance in pregnancy on infant mortality rate and morbidity. A prospective study. 114 21

An intravenous glucose tolerance test (GTT) was given to 116 women--82 nondiabetic subjects (NDS) and 34 diabetes suspects--before they received Ovulen for oral contraception. Subjects were followed for 1 to 4 years during Ovulen therapy. Twenty women using an intrauterine device showed no changes in glucose tolerance. Prompt, significant decline in tolerance was noted in NDS, persisting for the duration of the study. At least one abnormal test, indicating chemical diabetes, was noted in 13 per cent of the NDS. Similarly, prompt decline in tolerance, although not statistically significant, was observed in the suspect group. Fifteen per cent of suspects had at least one abnormal test. Chemical diabetes persisted during Ovulen therapy in suspects but not in NDS. No overt diabetes occurred. Based on greater concern regarding suspects, a procedure for monitoring carbohydrate tolerance is proposed for this group.
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PMID:Changes in carbohydrate tolerance during long-term oral contraception. 116 74

A 10-year-old male Miniature Poodle was found to have clinical diabetes mellitus. The patient's dam had died from diabetes. Two 4-year-old dogs, produced from a mating between the patient and its dam, were examined and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed on each. One dog had striking glucose intolerance and was considered to be prediabetic.
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PMID:Familial canine diabetes mellitus. 116 20

Insulin resistance has been invoked to explain the glucose intolerance observed in hypothyroid patients. This possibility was studied by determining fractional and metabolic clearances of intravenously administered porcine crystalline insulin (0.1 U./kg.) and its effect on plasma glucose concentration in ten hypothyroid patients, ten normal subjects, and six treated euthyroid patients. Following administration of porcine insulin, serum immunoreactive insulin concentrations during the period of observation were similar in hypothyroid patients, in normal control subjects, and in treated euthyroid patients. Similarly, no significant differences in the mean half-life, distribution space, or fractional and metabolic clearances of insulin were observed among any of the three groups. In response to insulin administration, plasma glucose concentrations declined to the nadir of 36 +/- 4, 43 +/- 3, and 38 +/- 4 mg. per 100 ml. in hypothyroid patients, normal control subjects, and treated euthyroid patients, respectively. Thereafter, plasma glucose steadily increased and approached the baseline value at ninety minutes in normal subjects and treated euthyroid patients. In contrast, the plasma glucose values remained significantly lower than the baseline for the rest of the procedure in hypothyroid patients. The present study demonstrates that there is no evidence of resistance to the action of insulin in hypothyroid patients. The observation of prolonged hypoglycemic action of exogenously administered insulin in hypothyroid patients might in fact suggest increased sensitivity to insulin action. These findings indicate that glucose intolerance of the hypothyroid state is not characterized by insulin resistance.
Diabetes 1975 Oct
PMID:Insulin metabolism in hypothyroidism. 117 61


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