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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-nine children from three to 16 years of age were included in this study. Nineteen were diabetics, seven were "suspected" diabetics (with evidence of glucose intolerance but without repeated fasting hyperglycemia), and 13 were controls. Mean glucose disappearance rates (K) during intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) were 2.19 for the controls, 1.23 for the suspected diabetics, and 0.70 for 14 diabetics tested; the differences were statistically significant. Diabetics had the smallest and suspected diabetics the greatest plasma insulin responses during IVGTTs. Fasting plasma growth hormone (GH) varied widely. GH generally decreased or remained unchanged during IVGTTs, but two diabetics exhibited slight increases and two sustpected diabetics pronounced increases. Basement-membrane thickness (BMT) was examined in 42 quadriceps femoris needle biopsies. Average BMT (ABMT) and minimum BMT (MBMT) correlated well (r = 0.91). BMT did not correlate well with age or, in the diabetics, with duration of clinical disease. Diabetics had the greatest and controls the least mean ABMT and MBMT, but the differences were not statistically significant. High values (those exceeding mean control values by more than two standard deviations) were much more common among the suspected diabetics and the diabetics. One of 13 controls, three of six suspected diabetics, and six of 19 diabetics had high ABMT values; two suspected diabetics and five diabetics had high MBMT values. Correlations between BMT and K were negative for the most part, but correlation coefficients were small. Serial studies in four of the children suggest that BMT and glucose tolerance tend to change in opposite directions.
Diabetes 1976 Aug
PMID:Carbohydrate metabolism and capillary basement-membrane thickness in children. I. cross-sectional studies. 95 96

Longitudinal biochemical and histologic studies were carried out in 11 children receiving oral hypoglycemic agents. There were five "suspected" diabetics (with evidence of glucose intolerance but without repeated fasting hyperglycemia) and six diabetics. Mean fasting plasma glucose (FPG) values showed no significant change during treatment with phenformin alone. The mean FPG decreased significantly within six to 10 weeks after addition of tolazamide to the regimen, but the decrease was not sustained during long-term observation (seven months to four years). Glucose disappearance rate (K) generally increased as FPG decreased, but the number of observations was smaller, and mean values showed no significant change. Mean values for fasting plasma insulin and for peak insulin response to intravenously administered glucose did not change significantly. Changes in capillary basement membrane thickness (BMT) were found to be statistically significant in a number of individual instances. Decreasing BMTs were associated with increasing Ks and vice versa. A similar trend was apparent among other patients, in whom individual changes in BMT were not statistically significant. The pooled data were therefore subjected to chi-square analysis; K and average BMT were found to change in opposite directions (P less than 0.001); a similar relationship held for K and minimum BMT (P less than 0.05). But K and BMT did not correlate well as regards magnitude of change. Influences of phenformin and tolazamide on these changes could not be evaluated. Both BMT and K may be influenced by many complex variables, but the present findings indicate that glucose tolerance and BMT have a close interdependence.
Diabetes 1976 Aug
PMID:Carbohydrate metabolism and capillary basement-membrane thickness in children. II. Longitudinal studies. 95 97

Insulin resistance and the ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic glucose production and to increas efficiency of glucose uptake were determined in 24 nonobese individuals: eight subjects with normal oral glucose tolerance, eight patients with chemical diabetes, and eight nonketotic patients with fasting hyperglycemia (greater than 150 mg. per cent). Insulin resistance was estimated by measuring the steady-state plasma glucose response to a continuous infusion of insulin, glucose, epinephrine, and propranolol. This approach permits us to inhibit levels of exogenous insulin, and use the height of the steady-state plasma glucose response as a direct estimate of insulin resistance. The ability of insulin to inhibit hepatic glucose production and to increase efficiency of glucose uptake was calculated from the results of two studies in which a continuous infusion of 3H-2-glucose was used to measure glucose turnover rate. The first study was performed after an overnight fast, under conditions of basal insulin levels, while the second was conducted during the infusion of insulin, glucose, epinephrine, and propranolol. Hepatic glucose production is equal to glucose turnover rate during the basal study and is equal to glucose turnover rate minus the infusion rate of cold glucose during the second study. Glucose uptake in both studies is equal to glucose turnover rate minus urinary glucose loss, and the efficiency of glucose uptake is calculated by dividing glucose uptake by the plasma glucose pool size. The mean (+/- S.E.) steady-state plasma glucose response was 113 +/- 9 mg. per cent in normal subjects, 205 +/- 14 mg. per cent in chemical diabetics, and 346 +/- 30 mg. per cent in patients with fasting hyperglycemia. Thus, insulin resistance exists in monoketotic diabetes, and the greater the degree of glucose intolerance, the greater the insulin resistance. The resistance to the insulin infusion in patients with chemical diabetes seemed to be mainly a function of the inability of insulin to increase efficiency of glucose uptake, since insulin did retain its ability to inhibit glucose production (although not to normal levels). In contrast, the infusion of insulin neither inhibited hepatic glucose production nor increased efficienty of glucose uptake in patients with fasting hyperglycemia. Thus, the insulin resistance that exists in patients with nonketotic diabetes cannot be considered to be a global phenomenon. Significant differences exist in the responsiveness of various tissues to the two general aspects of insulin's action on glucose homeostasis, and these differences provide a physiologic basis for the variations in degree of over-all insulin resistance that are present in the three groups of subjects.
Diabetes 1976 Aug
PMID:Locating the site(s) of insulin resistance in patients with nonketotic diabetes mellitus. 95 98

The Somogyi phenomenon or effect is a paradoxical situation of insulin-induced post-hypoglycemic hyperglycemia. The historical aspects of this phenomenon and the subsequent hypotheses and controversy are reviewed. The clinical situation is explained, with regard to its recognition, management and importance as an etiological factor in "brittle" diabetes. Hormone immunoassay techniques at present show human growth hormone (HGH) to be the major consequence of insulin-induced hypoglycemia leading to post-hypoglycemia glucose intolerance, but further studies will probably show glucagon to have a major role.
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PMID:The Somogyi phenomenon. A short review. 97 71

A preliminary survey has been completed using manual densitometric technics to determine the mean retinal circulation times in groups of normal controls, offspring to two diabetic parents with normal glucose tolerance (prediabetics), and offspring of two diabetic parents with abnormal glucose tolerance (chemical diabetics). Comparisons of the mean retinal circulation time showed differences between the left eye and right eye in prediabetic and chemical diabetic groups and a sex difference in both normals and prediabetics. In addition, both age and per cent ideal body weight were inversely related to the mean retinal circulation time. The levels of fasting serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and growth hormone, in many instances, also appeared to be inversely related to the mean retinal circulation time. Similarly, the degree of glucose tolerance (determined by the area under the glucose curve above baseline) was significantly inversely related to the mean retinal circulation time. The mean retinal circulation time adjusted for per cent ideal weight was analyzed separately for both right eye and left eye, and a significantly shorter mean retinal circulation time was noted, particularly in males, for prediabetics than for normal controls and for chemical diabetics than for both prediabetics and normals. Analysis of the mean retinal circulation time adjusted for age showed similar differences. It is postulated that the genetic prediabetic state with or without glucose intolerance might be associated with significant alterations of mean retinal circulation time independent of age and per cent ideal weight. It is also suggested that a number of potentially meaningful interrelationships between the degree of glucose intolerance and/or hyperlipidemia might exist and should be further quantified.
Diabetes 1976
PMID:Mean retinal circulation time as determined by fluorescein angiography in normal, prediabetic, and chemical-diabetic subjects. 97 94

Data from 10,559 men and women, age 30-64, participating in the morning and afternoon in a Chicago Health Department multiphasic screening project, were used to determine the effects of time of day and time since last meal on the values for plasma glucose one and two hours following oral challenge with 100 gm. of glucose. Mean plasma glucose values and rates of suspect glucose intolerance (based on several cutpoints) were sizeably higher in the afternoon than in the morning. In addition, plasma glucose values increased with time elapsed since the last meal, up to 10 hours postprandially. Thereafter, both one- and two-hour plasma glucose values tended to exhibit a decline. Analysis of covariance confirmed that fluctuations in glucose tolerance were related to time of day and time since last meal, but the effects of each parameter were exerted independently.
Diabetes 1976 Oct
PMID:Epidemiologic findings on the relationship of time of day and time since last meal to glucose tolerance. 97 2

The changes of blood glucose, serum insulin, serum free fatty acid and its fatty acid composition following oral glucose load were observed in twenty-nine cirrhotic patients. The insulin secretory response was significantly lower in the cirrhotic patients with overt diabetes than in those without overt diabetes. There were no definite relation between serum free fatty acid level or its composition and glucose intolerance. These results suggest that the diabetic state in most of the cirrhotic patients with overt diabetes is due to essential diabetes and that serum free fatty acid livel and its composition are not important factors contributory to the glucose intolerance in liver cirrhosis.
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PMID:Clinical investigation on abnormal glucose tolerance in liver cirrhosis. 97 84

Blood glucose changes in 63 infants during the first three hours of life were related to indices of glucose tolerance of their mothers. Of the mothers, 34 had insulin-dependent diabetes, 16 had gestational diabetes, and 11 had minor abnormalities of glucose tolerance. The fasting blood glucose level of the mother and the umbilical cord blood glucose level were both proportional to the rate of glucose decline in the infant after birth which, in turn, was inversely related to the lowest glucose level attained within three hours. Hypoglycemia occurred in 77% of the infants of diabetic mothers, 25% of the infants of mothers with gestational diabetes, and one of 12 (8%) of infants of mothers with minor degrees of glucose intolerance. The blood glucose level at two hours during an oral glucose tolerance test in the mother can be used to predict the probability of her infant having neonatal hypoglycemia.
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PMID:Relationships between maternal glucose intolerance and neonatal blood glucose. 97 32

In 19 families of juvenile diabetes patients intravenous glucose tolerance was tested and HLA antigens were determined. A total of 68 first degree blood relations (siblings, parents, children) was studied. Taking the age dependent variabilities of the glucose assimilation coefficient (k-value) into consideration, glucose intolerance was found in 35.5% of the blood relations. Particularly in blood relations (above all in siblings) aged under 35 and with glucose intolerance, a trend to increased frequencies of those HLA antigens (B8, BW15, CW3) associated with juvenile diabetes was found, but it is not yet clear whether this association will be of practical significance.
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PMID:[HL-A system and diabetes mellitus]. 98 5

Twenty-one patients were seen with the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in the Endocrine Clinic during 1965-1972. Three patients developed clinical diabetes mellitus at intervals from one month to three years after the diagnosis of thyroiditis was confirmed. An additional patient, a member of the study group reported here, had asymptomatic glucose intolerance initially and developed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus six months after the diagnosis of thyroiditis was established. Standard glucose tolerance tests were performed on 12 additional patients. One of these patients had unequivocal evidence of chemical diabetes; one other had a borderline abnormal oral glucose tolerance test. The remaining ten patients had normal glucose and insulin values during the OGTT. These studies indicate that children with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis are at increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus when compared with the normal childhood population.
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PMID:Carbohydrate homeostasis in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: increased incidence of diabetes mellitus. 98 56


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