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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A reversible deterioration of the oral glucose tolerance has been reported in subjects with initially impaired glucose tolerance when starting to take oral diuretics. This does not seem to be the case in subjects with an initially unimpaired glucose tolerance. A deterioration in the diabetic state is commonly seen when diuretics are given to subjects with clinical diabetes. Our knowledge about the effect of beta-blockers on the glucose tolerance is limited. As for diuretics there seems to be an overrepresentation of diabetics among subjects taking beta-blockers. This overrepresentation can probably be explained by an association between diabetes and disturbances in which diuretics and beta-blockers are commonly used such as arterial hypertension and ischaemic heart disease.
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PMID:Impairment of glucose metabolism during treatment with antihypertensive drugs. 3 6

A Diabetes Screening Workshop was held in Atlanta, Georgia, May 15--17, 1978, which was sponsored by the Center for Disease Control, the American Diabetes Association, and the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases. The workshop formulated the following recommendations for the use of screening procedures in diabetes mellitus from a community control viewpoint: (1) screening for asymptomatic glucose intolerance should be done among pregnant women as part of a well-coordinated program to decrease perinatal morbidity and mortality; (2) screening programs to detect asymptomatic glucose intolerance per se are not recommended as health services in nonpregnant populations; (3) screening for diabetes or its complications for research purposes should be done only as part of well-designed studies focusing on identification of predictive factors, implementation and effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic measures, descriptive epidemiology in selected populations, dynamic and economic factors of the medical care system related to case detection and management, and the nature and effects of screening processes; (4) information and education programs for health care providers, parents, and the general public should be implemented to bring about increased awareness of the clinical signs and symptoms of diabetes; and (5) all persons known to have diabetes should be evaluated regularly for the detection and management of the common chronic complications of the disease.
Diabetes Care
PMID:Screening in diabetes mellitus: report of the Atlanta workshop. 4 91

Recommended criteria for the diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus based on glucose tolerance tests vary considerably; none are derived from long-term observations of the further development of different degrees of glucose intolerance. Evidence from several epidemiological investigations suggests that the risk of specific diabetic complications becomes important only in people with capillary whole-blood sugar concentrations exceeding 200 mg/dl 2 hours after a 50 g oral glucose load, who have overnight fasting blood-sugar concentrations usually exceeding 110 mg/dl. Lesser degrees of glucose intolerance may, nevertheless, indicate an additional risk of atherosclerotic arterial disease. Assessment of "borderline diabetics" should, therefore, include and evaluation of other known risk factors for arterial disease and any treatment programme should be determined in the light of these as well as by the degree of glycaemia.
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PMID:Hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus. 6 24

Men who participated in the Whitehall survey and were found to be glucose intolerant have been studied 6--8 years later, together with a control group of men with normal screening blood-sugar levels. Ophthalmoscopically visible microvascular retinal disease was confined to men diagnosed as probably diabetic after the survey because their 2 h blood-sugar level (after a 50 g oral glucose load) in the survey examination or during a subsequent standard oral glucose-tolerance test was greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l). The lowest blood-sugar in a "diabetic" subsequently found to have retinopathy was 229 mg/dl. Men with lesser degrees of glucose intolerance, including 34 who had "worsened to diabetes", did not have visible retinovascular disease at follow-up. If diabetes implies a risk of specific microvascular complications in the medium term, then the findings in this study support proposals for the revision of diagnostic criteria based on glucose-tolerance tests.
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PMID:Oral glucose-tolerance tests and the diagnosis of diabetes: results of a prospective study based on the Whitehall survey. 8 97

We assayed glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in ten patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors and the carcinoid syndrome ("active tumors") and in seven patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors without the carcinoid syndrome ("inactive tumors"). The patients with "active tumors" had elevated serum serotonin levels while the patients with "inactive tumors" had normal serum serotonin levels. Of the ten patients with "active tumors," five had diabetic and three had borderline intravenous glucose disposal rate constants (KG = 0.88 +/- 0.07, M. +/- S.E.M.). Their KG was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than a group of age-matched normals. All of the patients with "inactive tumors" had normal KG values (KG = 1.67 +/- 0.24). Their KG did not differ from that of age-matched normal subjects. Both groups of carcinoid patients had a comparable decrease in their insulinogenic index. Two days' administration of the serotonin antagonist cyproheptadine (Cypro) to eight of the patients with "active tumors" resulted in a significant increase in the "insulinogenic index" (50%) but a nonsignificant increase in the KG (12%). Administration of p-chlorophenylalanine, a compound that blocks serotonin synthesis, resulted in an increase in both the KG (60%) and the "insulinogenic index" (55%). The insulin half-life (t1/2) of patients with "active tumors" (6.1 +/- 0.4 min.) did not differ from the t1/2 of normal subjects (6.6 +/- 0.4 min.), suggesting that the decreased plasma insulin levels following intravenous glucose were due to impaired insulin secretion rather than accelerated insulin destruction. Seven of the patients received treatment with the antitumor agent streptozotocin (Strepto). The patients received cumulative doses of from 70 to 300 mg. of Strepto per kilogram body weight with no impairment in glucose tolerance or insulin secretion. We conclude that there is high incidence of glucose intolerance (80%) and impaired insulin secretion in patients with the carcinoid syndrome and that serotonin plays a role in producing these alterations.
Diabetes 1975 Jul
PMID:Glucose intolerance in the carcinoid syndrome. 12 68

Intraperitoneal transplantation of collagenase-digested, isogeneic, neonatal rat pancreatic tissue successfully reversed streptozotocin-induced diabetes in 77% of recipients. The low serum immunoreactive insulin, hyperglycaemia, glycosuria and weight loss, characteristic of the diabetic animal, were corrected and the reduced activities of hepatic glucokinase and pyruvate kinase, and the low glycogen concentration of the liver of diabetic rats were restored to normal. Forty-three per cent of the successfully transplanted rats became normoglycaemic within 1 month of transplantation whereas 57% took from 1 to 6 months to achieve normoglycaemia and displayed a mild glucose intolerance when subjected to a glucose load. The rats which had not become normoglycaemic 6 months after transplantation showed some amelioration of the diabetic state, as shown by increased serum immunoreactive insulin and hepatic glycogen concentration and a slow weight gain compared with diabetic controls.
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PMID:Neonatal islet cell transplantation in the diabetic rat: effect on hepatic enzyme activity and glucose homeostasis. 14 94

Multiple injections of subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin (SZ) to CD-1 male mice produce a diabetic syndrome that includes a cell-mediated immune reaction against the pancreatic islet. The importance of the host genetic background in the pathogenesis of this model of diabetes was studied by comparing various inbred strains of mice. Of eight strains of mice studied, only C57BL/KsJ developed insulitis and hyperglycemia comparable to that observed in CD-1 mice. In two mouse strains (DBA/J and BALB/cJ) having an H-2d haplotype similar to the C57BL/KsJ, only mild insulitis and glucose intolerance were observed. These data suggest that major histocompatibility complex genes, as presently defined, cannot be the only determinant of the severity of hyperglycemia and insulitis in this model.
Diabetes 1977 Oct
PMID:Genetic influence of the streptozotocin-induced insulitis and hyperglycemia. 14 86

Clinical and coronary arteriographic findings were evaluated in patients with angina pectoris who were considered not to have diabetes mellitus or to have chemical or clinical diabetes. Each of the three groups consisted of 100 consecutive referred patients. Neither the age of the patients nor duration of symptoms differed significantly among the groups. Hypertension, gout, and peripheral vascular disease were more frequent in the patients with clinical diabetes. There was no difference in serum cholesterol concentration among the groups, but plasma triglyceride levels and the frequency of type 4 hyperlipoproteinemia were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the chemical and clinical diabetic groups than in the nondiabetic patients. Coronary arteriographic observations indicated that the severity of the coronary arterial disease was greater in both diabetic groups than in nondiabetic patients. The difference in the coronary scores among the three groups of patients interacts to some extent with the triglyceride level, since a high score in the diabetic groups was noted only in the presence of an elevated tryglyceride concentration. The results indicate that the increased severity of coronary arterial disease in diabetic patients is not attributable to age, duration of symptoms, hypertension, type -4 hyperlipoproteinemia, or apparent severity of the glucose intolerance.
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PMID:Reappraisal of the role of the diabetic state in coronary artery disease. 18 Dec 12

The frequency of latent disorders of glucose regulation during pheochromocytoma, is evaluated at 75% of cases. Detailed analysis of 83 cases with a diabetic state, gave the following results: insulin dependent diabetes, 37 cases. Non-insulin dependent, 14 cases. Latent diabetes, 32 cases. The characteristics of the insulin-dependent diabetes were not always suggestive. Insulin dependency was, however, unusual above a certain age. We noted loss of weight in spite of good control of the diabetes, the absence of acidosis and ketosis contrasting with rapid loss of weight. In fact, it is above all the hypertension which should lead to diagnosis. Surgical operation, cures or improves considerably the diabetic state, thus proving the symptomatic nature of this diabetes.
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PMID:[Diabetes mellitus in pheochromocytoma]. 18 6

Described here is a patient who had an islet cell carcinoma containing both glucagon (glucagonoma) and insulin (insulinoma). Complete removal of the tumor was possible. Immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) could be extracted from all parts of the tumor (approximately 50 mug./gm.) and was shown to be fully bioactive. Immunoreactive insulin (IRI) could be extracted only from one section of the tumor (approximately 30 mug./gm.). The clinical and biochemical manifestations of the disease were dermatitis, diabetes, weight loss, anemia, hypoaminoacidemia, and hyperketonemia. The diabetes was characterized by low or normal fasting blood glucose concentrations and by impaired glucose tolerance (Kg = 0.4). After complete removal of the tumor, the dermatitis cleared, the catabolic state changed into an anabolic state, blood amino acid concentrations increased, and blood ketone-body concentrations decreased. Fasting blood glucose concentrations, however, rose above 200 mg./dl., and glucose tolerance declined further (Kg = 0.15). Hourly blood sampling for 24 hours, intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests, intravenous arginine and tolbutamide tolerance tests with serial determinations of IRG, IRI, and blood glucose were performed preoperatively and again two weeks and two months postoperatively. The results of these studies demonstrated marked abnormalities in the stimulation and suppression of glucagon and insulin release. In addition, they failed to demonstrate a glycemic effect on the chronically elevated glucagon concentrations in this patient, while identifying insulin as the dominant factor determining blood glucose homeostasis.
Diabetes 1977 Feb
PMID:An islet cell carcinoma containing glucagon and insulin. Chronic glucagon excess and glucose homeostasis. 19 71


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