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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyperglycemia-induced hemiballism-hemichorea is an uncommon movement disorder probably related to vascular insult of the basal ganglia in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. This rare clinical entity has been reported with abnormal brain findings on CT, MR, and F-18 FDG PET. The author presents additional PET/CT features of such an unusual dyskinetic syndrome with increased radiotracer uptake in the left motor cortex and musculature of the right shoulder girdle and upper extremity from hemiballism-hemichorea.
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PMID:Brain and upper extremity PET/CT findings of hyperglycemia-induced hemiballism-hemichorea. 1766 42

Diabetes mellitus, especially when not under control, can lead to several neurological complications being the development of involuntary movements one of the rarest presentations. Nonketotic hyperglycemia in aged patients who present with ballismus-chorea movements and cerebral image alterations in computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance constitute a syndrome of recent characterization and few cases in literature. We present a case of a 75 year-old male patient admitted with history of hemiballismus-hemichorea movements, hyperglycemia, glycated hemoglobin of 14.4% and CT with a hyperdense area in the topography of the right basal ganglia. After glycemic control, the neurological signs resolved completely and the initial hyperdense lesion disappeared.
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PMID:[Hemiballism-hemichorea with non-ketotic hyperglycemia: movement disorder related to diabetes mellitus]. 2052 Sep 66

A 68-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of sudden onset of involuntary movements, similar to those associated with chorea, of the right side of the body and for further evaluation of thrombocythemia. She had no family history of chorea. Neurological findings did not show any abnormality except for chorea of the right side. Laboratory studies showed increased number of white blood cells (14,000/microl) and platelets (188.3 x 10(4)/ microl). Lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin antibody, and ceruloplasmin levels were within the normal range. Her NAP score was 240, and result for bcr-abl gene expression was negative. Bone marrow puncture showed hypercellularity and increased number of megakaryocytes (550/microl), but there was no atypism. On the basis of these laboratory findings, she was diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a hyperintense lesion extending from the region around the left globus pallidum to putamen. The MRI findings of our study were similar to those related to diabetic hemichorea; however, the results of some tests did not indicate diabetes mellitus. An MRI scan showing high T1 signal intensity in the basal ganglia might not be specific for diabetic hemichorea. In this case, MRI revealed the cause of hemichorea to be micocirculatory failure or small cerebral hemorrhages.
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PMID:[Case report of essential thrombocythemia with sudden onset of hemichorea]. 2148 68

Hemichorea and generalized chorea are well-recognized syndromes associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia. This condition usually occurs in older age, affects females more than men, and often heralds a new diagnosis of diabetes, usually type 2. It may resolve over days with treatment of the underlying hyperglycemia or persist for years. Magnetic resonance imaging is very characteristic, and shows T1 hyperdensity in the striatum. The underlying pathophysiology is not clear, but recent evidence suggests that the imaging may represent zinc, as opposed to calcium. Tetrabenazine has worked well when symptomatic treatment is required. Other rare causes of metabolic choreas include hypoparathyroid abnormalities, hypoglycemia, and hypernatremia.
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PMID:Hyperglycemic nonketotic states and other metabolic imbalances. 2149 88

Acromegaly is a rare disorder caused by excessive growth hormone. Majority of acromegaly are due to pituitary adenoma. It is estimated that 5% of pituitary adenoma become invasive and may grow to gigantic sizes (>4 cm in diameter). We would like to describe a man with giant invasive adenoma. We describe the case of 52-year-old man with acromegaly. The patient was presented to medical care because of hemichorea. He also had visual field defect, uncontrolled diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Hormonal profile showed increment of GH 2-hour after a standard 75-g oral glucose load and of high IGF-1 level with low level of FSH and LH. The next was performed by pituitary imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a macroadenoma with diameter 2.3x3.5x6.6 cm3 that fills the sella tursica, and enlarges into suprasella, genu of corpus collosum, and invades third ventricle. This report describes a rare case of acromegalic patient with giant invasive adenoma. This could be a demonstrative case and lesson for diagnosis and manage acromegalic patient.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of acromegaly: giant invasive adenoma. 2178 75

Hemichorea is a rare complication of non-ketotic hyperglycaemia. Patients with this syndrome have classically longstanding, poorly controlled diabetes. Here, we report a patient presenting hemichorea without diabetic history. His symptom resolved rapidly after correction of hyperglycaemia. We suggest that hemichorea may be the first manifestation of undiagnosed diabetes.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012 Jan
PMID:Hemichorea associated with non-ketotic hyperglycaemia: a case report. 2199 66

The association of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and acute chorea is rare. We report an 8-yr-old boy with T1DM who developed acute hemichorea-hemiballism of the right arm in whom magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed hyperintense signal in putamen and considerable atrophy and focal area of gliosis in the right putamen. There was a deposition of deoxyhemoglobin indicating recent bleeding in the left lentiform nucleus. A control MRI 2 months later showed complete reabsorption of the blood component in the left lentiform nucleus. Multislice computerized tomography revealed hyperdensities in the corpus striatum and subcortical calcifications. This report describes, for the first time, findings of calcifications in the corticomedullary junction in the brain hemispheres of a child with T1DM and chorea and reviews the possible causal mechanisms of this unusual association.
Pediatr Diabetes 2012 Sep
PMID:Acute chorea and type 1 diabetes mellitus: clinical and neuroimaging findings. 2236 50

We present a case of unilateral hyperdensity of the lentiform and caudate nucleus on CT with hyperintesity on T1-weighted images on MRI in a 71-year-old woman with hemichorea-hemiballism and recently diagnosed diabetes.
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PMID:Lesions in basal ganglia in a patient with involuntary movements as a first sign of diabetes - case report and review of the literature. 2280 94

The term "basal ganglia" refers to caudate and lentiform nuclei, the latter composed of putamen and globus pallidus, substantia nigra and subthalamic nuclei and these deep gray matter structures belong to the extrapyramidal system. Many diseases may present as basal ganglia abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) - to a lesser degree - allow for detection of basal ganglia injury. In many cases, MRI alone does not usually allow to establish diagnosis but together with the knowledge of age and circumstances of onset and clinical course of the disease is a powerful tool of differential diagnosis. The lesions may be unilateral: in Rassmussen encephalitis, diabetes with hemichorea/hemiballism and infarction or - more frequently - bilateral in many pathologic conditions. Restricted diffusion is attributable to infarction, acute hypoxic-ischemic injury, hypoglycemia, Leigh disease, encephalitis and CJD. Contrast enhancement may be seen in cases of infarction and encephalitis. T1-hyperintensity of the lesions is uncommon and may be observed unilaterally in case of hemichorea/hemiballism and bilaterally in acute asphyxia in term newborns, in hypoglycemia, NF1, Fahr disease and manganese intoxication. Decreased signal intensity on GRE/T2*-weighted images and/or SWI indicating iron, calcium or hemosiderin depositions is observed in panthotenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy, Fahr disease (and other calcifications) as well as with the advancing age. There are a few papers in the literature reviewing basal ganglia lesions. The authors present a more detailed review with rich iconography from the own archive.
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PMID:Basal ganglia lesions in children and adults. 2331 8

Hemichorea-hemiballism (HCHB) syndrome, which is most commonly related to non-ketotic hyperglycemia, is a rare type of chorea. Here, we present an unusual case of HCHB syndrome who was not a known case of diabetes. This case highlights the importance of recognising underlying non-ketotic hyperglycemia, as control of hyperglycemia is helpful in the quick relief of symptoms.
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PMID:Hemichorea hemiballism syndrome: the first presentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus as a rare cause of chorea. 2332 17


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