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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the testes of adult albino rats were examined. Diabetes was induced in 118 rats by a single iv injection of streptozotocin, 75 mg/kg body weight; control animals were injected with citrate buffer. After15 days, testes were removed at varying intervals and prepared for histologic study. A mean cross-section of tubule diameters was calculated. After 30 days of diabetes, seminal vesicles were removed and similarly processed. Reduction in testes weight continued throughout the experiment (p less than .001). Seminal vesicle atrophy was complete after 30 days and the histological appearance showed changes similar to those of castrated rats. Reduction in tubule diameter was significant after 2 weeks (p less than .001). Otherwise, seminiferous tubules were histologically normal at 15 days after induction of diabetes. At 30 days 4 of 10 rats showed complete spermatogenesis. In the other 6 animals, extensive shrinkage of seminiferous tubules, massive sloughing of primary spermatocytes, and premature spermatids were observed. Peritubular connective tissue appeared intact. Atrophic changes increased with longer time periods so that at 130 days following the injections, all 7 animals studied showed extensive spermatic damage. The degree of damage was not correlated with loss of body weight or blood glucose level. Leydig cells were normal or reduced. The possible cause of diabetic testicular lesions may be hyposecretion of gonadotropic hormones or blockade of gonadotropin action.
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PMID:Testicular lesions of streptozotocin diabetic rats. 13 Mar 34

The uptake and retention of 1,2-3H-testosterone in accessory sex glands, muscle and liver of streptozotocin diabetic castrated male rats, insulin-treated diabetic castrated rats and non-diabetic castrated control rats were studied at various time intervals after an intravenous injection. Diabetes reduced the retention of 3H-testosterone in the prostate, the preputial gland and the epididymis. Exogenous insulin slightly increased the retention of 3H-testosterone in these tissues of diabetic rats. No significant differences in the radioactivity in the rectus abdominis muscle, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles were found between the various experimental groups. Ventral prostate homogenates obtained from diabetic and control rats were incubated with 3H-testosterone in vitro. The steroids were extracted and thin-layer chromatographs were scanned for radioactivity. In prostatic homogenates taken from diabetic rats, testosterone transformation to dihydrotestosterone was reduced. The results indicate that the impaired function and androgen retention of the accessory sex glands of diabetic male rats is at least partly due to the reduced formation of dihydrotestosterone from testosterone.
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PMID:Impaired 3H-testosterone uptake and metabolism in the accessory sex glands of diabetic castrated male rats. 13 Mar 35

The enzyme gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is widely distributed throughout the body, notably kidney, seminal vesicles, pancreas, liver, spleen and brain. Being one of the enzymes of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, it is involved in aminoacid transport, catalysing a transpeptidation reaction between gamma-glutamyl peptides and most common amino acids. Methods of assay of the enzyme are based on its ability also to act on synthetic amides of glutamic acid; kinetic methods monitoring the release of p-nitroaniline from the substrate L-gamma-glutamyl p-nitroanilide are the most satisfactory. In diseases of the liver, the highest levels occur in association with cirrhosis, alcoholism, hepatic secondaries and cholestasis. As the enzyme is present in the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocyte, its activity is increased in situations leading to microsomal enzyme induction. Raised levels can also occur in pancreatitis, diabetes, myocardial infarction, congestive cardiac failure, chronic renal failure, cerebrovascular accidents, cerebral tumours and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although the lack of specificity must be recognised, the estimation can be useful in the elucidation of some clearly defined problems arising during investigation of patients with suspected hepatic disease, especially where performed as part of a biochemical profile.
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PMID:Role of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. 24 76

Herein we describe a chronic diabetic with calcification of both seminal vesicles and the deferent duct which had been disclosed by a plain film of the urinary tract and an IVP. Currently the foregoing condition can be considered to be pathognomonic of diabetes mellitus, although these patients generally do not present urological symptoms or signs.
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PMID:[Calcification of seminal vesicles and deferent duct]. 129 38

SHHF/Mcc-cp rats, as a model of obesity and diabetes, were followed through breeding and throughout development to determine timing of obesity and sexual development. The obesity or corpulency gene (cp) follows recessive transmission characteristics with no segregation between sexes. Although the frequency of litter sizes was different, the mean litter size of heterozygous mating (8.9 +/- 0.3 pups/litter) was not different from homozygous lean matings (7.9 +/- 0.3 pups/litter). Body weights of the population of female obese rats statistically deviated from lean females at day 35 and obese males deviated from lean males at day 37. Vaginal opening of obese and lean females did not differ in time of occurrence (day 34.6 +/- 0.2 for lean and 33.6 +/- 0.4 for obese). To further evaluate development and examine onset of diabetes, animals were killed at six, eight and ten weeks of age and development of reproductive organs and plasma levels of insulin, glucose, and testosterone or oestradiol determined. Testes development was slightly retarded in the obese male with smaller testes at six weeks of age, however testes size increased at eight and ten weeks of age and was not significantly less than lean males. In contrast, testes function was impaired with smaller seminal vesicles and lower testosterone levels in the obese male rats. Both ovarian and uterine weights were significantly less in obese females. However, oestradiol levels were not significantly different at any of the time points examined. Development of elevated insulin levels were first noted in the obese female at six weeks of age, however marked hyperinsulinemia developed only in the obese males at ten weeks of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Onset of obesity and puberty in genetically obese SHHF/Mcc-cp rats. 133 77

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) activities were determined in the seminal vesicles and in two regions of the urinary bladder, the detrusor muscle and sphincter-trigon in control and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats. In this study, STZ was administered (65 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce diabetes 14 days prior to sacrifice and enzyme analysis. Diabetic rats exhibited significant increase in both ChAT and AChE activities in the detrusor compared to the control animals. Significant increases in ChAT activity, however, were observed only in the seminal vesicles of diabetic animals compared to the control group. AChE activity in the seminal vesicles and sphincter-trigon region of the diabetic rats was not altered significantly. These findings suggest that urogenital complications associated with diabetes may be related to the dysfunction of the peripheral cholinergic system.
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PMID:Effect of diabetes on the cholinergic enzyme activities of the urinary bladder and the seminal vesicles of the rat. 138 85

Levels of native and cryptic or peptidase-derivable (after being digested with trypsin and carboxypeptidase) Met-enkephalin were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay method in plasma, anterior and neurointermediate lobes of pituitary and various peripheral tissues of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. The results show that the highest concentration of native and cryptic Met-enkephalin were found in the neurointermediate lobe of pituitary. Streptozotocine-induced diabetes alters the concentration of either or both forms of Met-enkephalin in plasma, the anterior and neurointermediate lobes of the pituitary, heart, lung, spleen, liver, seminal vesicle, vas deferens, kidney, bladder detrusor, and duodenum. One of the most pronounced effects of diabetes observed in this study is seen in the seminal vesicles where native Met-enkephalin was depleted to less than 10% of the control value. The uneven distribution of Met-enkephalin in peripheral tissues may suggest that these tissues process and/or metabolize Met-enkephalin to different degrees. Our data also suggest that STZ-induced diabetes alters the enkephalinergic activity in some of these tissues. It is suggested that some of the peripheral pathophysiological symptoms associated with diabetes may be attributed, in part, to altered activity of enkephalinergic systems.
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PMID:Effect of diabetes on the levels of two forms of Met-enkephalin in plasma and peripheral tissues of the rat. 173 34

Contractile responses of androgen-sensitive smooth muscles such as the vas deferens and seminal vesicles are highly dependent upon the endocrine status of the animal. Although diabetes mellitus produces disturbances in reproductive function, including decreased serum androgen levels, the effects of diabetes on the contractile function of androgen-dependent urogenital smooth muscles have not been conclusively established. The present study compared the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes with those of castration on the contractile responses of rat vasa deferentia. Diabetes and castration produced significant decreases in serum testosterone levels, accompanied by significant decreases in vas deferens weights. Contractile responses of vasa deferentia from diabetic rats to carbachol, ATP, and phenylephrine were significantly increased, and responses to nerve stimulation were decreased. Similar results were obtained with vasa deferentia from castrated rats. Castration produced significant increases in contractile responses of vasa deferentia to carbachol and phenylephrine and decreased responses to nerve stimulation. The data suggest that both castration and diabetes produce a denervation-like supersensitivity which is specific for receptor-mediated processes.
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PMID:Comparison of the effects of castration and streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on contractile responses of the rat vas deferens. 275 65

The autonomic innervation of the seminal vesicle from 8 and 16 week streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and age-matched controls was studied by pharmacological, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Contractions in response to electrical field stimulation, which were abolished using prazosin (2 microM) or tetrodotoxin (one to 1.6 microM), and to noradrenaline were significantly increased in both eight and 16 week diabetic animals. The contractile response to acetylcholine was significantly increased in the 16 week diabetic rats only, when compared with controls. Although these responses were significantly increased, no difference was found in ED50 and EF50 values between control and diabetic rats. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (0.3 microM) had no effect on resting tension or nerve-mediated responses. In seminal vesicles from control animals, both vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive and acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves were localised around the folds of the columnar epithelium of secretory cells, in contrast to neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive and catecholamine-containing nerves which were found in the smooth muscle layers. In seminal vesicles from both eight and 16 week diabetic animals no difference was seen in distribution or density of acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves; there was an increase in density and fluorescence intensity of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerves and a decrease in catecholamine-containing nerves compared with controls. The results are discussed in relation to autonomic neuropathy in diabetes.
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PMID:The seminal vesicle in eight and 16 week streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: adrenergic, cholinergic and peptidergic innervation. 366 88

The concentration of glucose in the plasma of alloxan-diabetic rats was 23.4 +/- 0.86 mM (mean +/- SEM; n = 18), and the concentration of insulin was 11.4 +/- 1.67 microU/ml (mean +/- SEM; n = 17). The weights of the ventral prostate (0.45 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.04 g) and seminal vesicles (1.23 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.08 g) were decreased compared to control values and the rats lost body weight, but the weights of the testes were not significantly different from control values (3.14 +/- 0.08 vs. 3.23 +/- 0.14 g/pair). Similar changes were seen in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The concentration of fructose (micromoles per g fresh wt) was greater in the coagulating gland of alloxan-diabetic (19.6 +/- 1.3; n = 17) than control rats (9.1 +/- 0.7; n = 18). The production of 14CO2 from D-[U-14C]glucose by spermatozoa or seminiferous tubules from diabetic rats was decreased compared to that in controls [28 +/- 3 vs. 53 +/- 6 nmol glucose converted/10(8) spermatozoa X 30 min (n = 8) and 0.81 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.08 +/- 0.03 mumol glucose converted/g fresh wt X 30 min (n = 7)]. There was no change in the production of lactate or 3HOH from D-[2-3H] glucose, and the presence of insulin (10 mU/ml) in the incubation had little effect. Rat epididymal spermatozoa took up 2-deoxy-D-glucose by a facilitated diffusion mechanism; the Km was about 0.2 mM, with a maximum velocity of about 0.10 nmol/10(6) spermatozoa X 10 sec. Neither alloxan-diabetes nor the presence of insulin (10 mU/ml) had an appreciable effect on these parameters.
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PMID:The effect of experimentally induced diabetes on the metabolism of glucose by seminiferous tubules and epididymal spermatozoa from the rat. 623 7


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