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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Skin fibroblasts from patients with diabetes mellitus display abnormalities in cell proliferation. The use of exogenous growth factors on diabetic wounds has been found to stimulate fibroblast proliferation and facilitate wound healing. However, the results of application of FGF-2 alone to diabetic wounds in clinical trials have been disappointing. The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of FGF-2 and media supplements on in vitro proliferation of skin fibroblasts from patients with type II diabetes and nondiabetic controls, and to evaluate the association between fibroblast proliferation and cAMP production. Fibroblast cell lines (n = 5 from diabetic and n = 5 from control individuals) were cultured in DMEM + 20% FBS for 7 days. Cells were then counted, plated into 24-well plates at a concentration of 2 x 10(4) cells/well and incubated for 24 h in DMEM with serum. The next day, medium was changed to serum-free DMEM alone or DMEM with supplements (albumin, transferrin, insulin and hydrocortisone). Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of varying doses of FGF-2 (0, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 30 ng/ml) for 72 hrs then counted and medium was collected for cAMP radioimmunoassay. The doubling time for cell number tended to be greater (p < 0.2) for diabetic fibroblasts than for control fibroblasts. The addition of supplements to the medium reduced (p < 0.05) the doubling time for both fibroblast types. FGF-2 stimulated (p < 0.05) proliferation of diabetic fibroblasts only in medium containing supplements. In contrast, FGF-2 stimulated proliferation of control fibroblasts in medium with or without supplements. The maximal effects of FGF-2 on fibroblast proliferation were greater (p < 0.02) in medium with supplements than in medium without supplements. The K(D) of FGF-2 for fibroblast proliferation was greater (p < 0.06) for diabetic than for control fibroblasts, and lower (p < 0.02) for medium with supplements than for medium without supplements. Fibroblasts from patients with diabetes mellitus produced more (p < 0.05) cAMP than control fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that FGF-2 requires the presence of supplements to enhance proliferation of fibroblasts from patients with type II diabetes mellitus. In addition, fibroblasts from diabetic patients showed a greater K(D) for FGF-2 in terms of cell proliferation. These data suggest a defective FGF receptor or down-regulation of the FGF receptor-mediated cascade that leads to cell proliferation. Identifying methods of reducing the K(D) of FGF-2 in stimulating the proliferation of diabetic fibroblasts may improve the clinical response of diabetic wounds to FGF-2.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2002 Jun
PMID:Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) on proliferation of human skin fibroblasts in type II diabetes mellitus. 1205 41

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts. ES cells are able to differentiate into the three primitive layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) of the organism, including the germline. In recent reports mouse ES cells have been successfully applied in the treatment of spinal cord injury, hereditary myelin disorder of the central nervous system, and diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated the induction of mouse ES cell differentiation, using culture of embryoid bodies (EBs) into the diverse tissues. EBs were formed by culturing ES cells (129/SV strain) in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, in the absence of feeder cells and leukemia inhibitory factor (LF). EBs were induced to differentiate by treatment with retinoic acid (RA). In control medium (non-RA medium) beating muscles, blood vessels, hemocytes, and cartilages were frequently observed in EBs. Moreover, when EBs were cultured in medium including RA (5 x 10(-8) M, and 5 x 10(-9) M), differentiation of the optic vesicle, lens, retina, and neural groove was observed. In this study we demonstrated that an efficient system for inducing the differentiation of ES cells using EBs.
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PMID:In vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells after activation by retinoic acid. 1270 48

Macrophages from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, which spontaneously develop type I diabetes, share a defect in elicited cytokine production with macrophages from multiple diverse strains of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-prone mice. We have previously shown that, in SLE-prone mice, this defect is triggered by exposure to apoptotic cells. We report in this work that macrophages from prediseased NOD mice also respond abnormally to apoptotic cells, mimicking closely the apoptotic cell-dependent abnormality that we have observed in multiple SLE-prone strains. This defect is characterized by the underexpression of IL-1 beta and multiple other cytokines. In the presence of apoptotic cells or FBS, elicited expression of IL-1 beta by NOD macrophages is markedly reduced compared with that by macrophages from control mice, including three strains of mice that develop type II (nonautoimmune) diabetes. Given the increasing role of apoptotic cells in tolerance and autoimmunity, a macrophage defect triggered by apoptotic cells has broad potential to upset the balance between tolerance and immunity. The concordance of this defect among so many diverse autoimmune-prone strains suggests that the genetic basis for this abnormality may constitute a permissive background for autoimmunity.
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PMID:Cytokine dysregulation induced by apoptotic cells is a shared characteristic of macrophages from nonobese diabetic and systemic lupus erythematosus-prone mice. 1506 61

The use of Complementary Medicine (CM) amongst diabetic patients attending the Diabetes/Hypertension, Clinic. Out Patient Department, Ipoh Hospital was studied: Forty-three patients were selected by systematic random sampling (1:5) over a one-week period starting 5/12/01. Data were collected by patient interview, from medical records and through a questionnaire. 56% were using CM together with conventional therapy. Most commonly used were herbal therapy, homeopathy and reflexology. The majority took CM daily with a mean duration of 7 years. Over half had subjective relief of pain with increased energy. Patients on CM or conventional therapy both showed poorly controlled FBS levels. There is a need to assess the effect of these therapies on diabetic outcome.
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PMID:Use of complementary medicine amongst diabetic patients in a public primary care clinic in Ipoh. 1519 Jun 55

This study was designed to develop and evaluate a stage-matched intervention (SMI) in Korean participants with type 2 Diabetes. The SMI was based on main constructs derived from the Transtheoretical Model match to the individual's stages of readiness for exercise behavior. The SMI was developed according to the results of the content validity tested by an expert group (n = 9). A control group pre- and post-test design was used for evaluating the impact of the SMI: the intervention group (n = 22) participated in the SMI for 3 months, while the control group (n = 23) received usual educational advice. The intervention group, compared to the control group, showed significant improvements in stages of change for exercise behavior (p < 0.001), physical activity levels (p < 0.001), and reductions in FBS (p < 0.05) and HbA(1)c (p < 0.05). This study yielded evidence for the beneficial impact of the SMI in participants with type 2 Diabetes.
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PMID:The impact of a stage-matched intervention to promote exercise behavior in participants with type 2 diabetes. 1547 56

The objective of this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the value of allopurinol treatment on reduction of oxidative stress in patients with diabetes type II patients. Forty-one diabetic type II subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. One group (n = 20) received 100 mg allopurinol three times a day for 14 days and the other group (n = 21) received a placebo. Blood and saliva samples were collected before and after intervention for analysis of lipid peroxidation level and total antioxidant power as indices of oxidative stress. At the beginning of the study, the groups were similar based upon age, duration of diabetes, fasting glucose, and HbA1c. Both allopurinol and placebo were effective in reduction of lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant power whether in saliva or plasma in a similar extent. HbA1c and FBS levels did not change through the study neither in case or placebo group. It is concluded that allopurinol therapy is not more effective than placebo in reduction of oxidative stress in diabetic patients. The same trend of changes in blood and saliva shown for oxidative stress indices was interesting and suggests a chance for saliva to be valuable in diagnosis of oxidative stress. However, to elaborate the exact role of allopurinol in diabetes, further large randomized clinical trials are needed.
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PMID:Ineffectiveness of allopurinol in reduction of oxidative stress in diabetic patients; a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. 1558 61

Antidiabetic and hypoglycemic drugs have been reported to enhance adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We previously reported that ginseng (active constituents: ginsenosides) enhanced the differentiation [1]. In this experiment, effect of some ginger group food extracts on the adipocyte differentiation was investigated using cultured mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were grown as monolayer cultures at 37 degrees C in DMEM supplemented by 10% FBS under the atmosphere of 5% CO(2)-95% air. Ginger extracts were found to enhance the adipocyte differentiation. Active constituent was purified and identified as gingerol. In the gingerol-treated cells, insulin-sensitive glucose uptake was increased. It is expected that ginger enhance the insulin-sensitivity, and improve chronic disease, such as diabetes.
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PMID:Enhancement of insulin sensitivity in adipocytes by ginger. 1563 Feb 72

We studied the test results of carotid ultrasonography and pulse wave velocity against a sample of hyperlipemia and diabetes mellitus. Sixty four hyperlipemia samples (HL), 85 diabetes mellitus samples (DS), and 27 complicated samples (CS) were compared with 56 healthy samples (HS). Hyperlipemia samples were selected from cholesterol under 300 mg/dl, and neutral fat under 300 mg/dl. Diabetes mellitus samples were selected from fasting plasma glucose (FBS) under 200 mg/dl. Samples from severe conditions with various disease were excluded. Ratio over 1.1 mm intima-media thickness (IMT) was 0% in HS, 48% in HL, 40% in DS and 33% in CS. PWV value was max 1896cm/s in CS. There was no significant correlation within IMT, serum lipid(Total Cholesterol, Neutral Fat, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol) and FBS. For early treatment or accurate diagnosis of arteriosclerosis in hyperlipemia or diabetes mellitus patients, who are at high risk of developing arteriosclerosis, to vital function tests (carotid ultrasonography and pulse wave velocity) should be performed, in addition to normal blood tests.
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PMID:[The assessment of arteriolosclerosis by serum lipids data, and carotid ultrasonography and pulse wave velocity, and its evaluation as a tool for preventive medicine: II. Carotid ultrasonography and pulse wave velocity for hyperlipemia and diabetes mellitus]. 1596 99

Psyllium is a bulk-forming laxative and is high in both fiber and mucilage. The beneficial effect of dietary fiber in the management of type II diabetes, has not been totally demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma-lowering effects of 5.1g b.i.d. of psyllium husk fiber, as an adjunct to dietary and drug therapy on lipid and glucose levels, in patients with type II diabetes. Patients were randomly selected from an outpatient clinic of primary care to participate in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in which Plantago ovata Forsk., or placebo was given in combination with their anti-diabetic drugs. Forty-nine subjects were included in the study that were given diet counseling before the study and then followed for 8 weeks in the treatment period. Fasting plasma glucose (FBS) was measured every 2 weeks, and total plasma cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and insulin levels were measured every 4 weeks. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was also measured at the beginning and ending of the study. The test products (psyllium or placebo) were supplied to subjects in identically labeled foil packets containing a 5.1g dose of product, to consume two doses per day, half an hour before breakfast and dinner. Both products were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events related to treatment was reported in either. Better gastric tolerance to metformin was recorded in the psyllium group. FBS, and HbA1c, showed a significant reduction (p<0.05), whereas HDL-C increased significantly (p<0.05) following psyllium treatment. LDL/HDL ratio was significantly decreased (p<0.05). Our results show that 5.1g b.i.d. of psyllium for persons with type II diabetes is safe, well tolerated, and improves glycemic control.
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PMID:Psyllium decreased serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin significantly in diabetic outpatients. 1615 5

The Fanconi-Bickel syndrome is caused by homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for mutations of the facilitated glucose transporter 2 gene (GLUT2). Glycogen accumulates in renal tubular cells and they fail to reabsorb multiple filtered solutes because of impairment in GLUT2-mediated efflux of glucose. We describe a 10-year-old male child with GLUT2 deficiency who produced massive amounts of 3-deoxyfructose (3-DF) in the kidneys. Since 3-DF is a detoxification product of a potent glycating agent, 3-deoxyglucosone, a precursor of advanced glycation end-products, this suggests a massive accumulation of glucose within tubular cells probably as a consequence of GLUT2 deficiency. The level of 3-DF in the urine of this atypical patient, who also manifested renal glomerular hyperfiltration, microalbuminuria, and glomerular mesangial expansion, was higher than in any patient examined with diabetes mellitus. Elevated levels of glucose and/or its metabolites in renal tubular cells may be necessary but not sufficient for the development of both the renal tubulopathy and diabetic-like glomerular disease in GLUT2 deficiency.
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PMID:Elements of diabetic nephropathy in a patient with GLUT 2 deficiency. 1628 95


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