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 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reported five cases of listeriosis (sepsis and meningitis) in the elderly in our hospital during the last 4 years, where no cases of listeriosis had been found. These 5 cases had diabetes mellitus, lung cancer, chronic respiratory failure, gastric ulcer and aplastic anemia respectively as their underlying diseases. At the onset of listeriosis, 3 cases received corticosteroid and 3 cases received H2-blocker. 2 patients were cured and 3 patients died. Three autopsy cases had meningitis or meningoencephalitis and 2 cases of these autopsy cases had granulomatous changes in these spleens. In serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), 4 cases were 4b and 1 cases was 1b. All 5 strains were resistant to 3rd generation cephems. Wide uses of 3rd generation cephems and H2-blocker may be one of the reasons for the recent increase of listeriosis. Ingestion of contaminated food is the pathogenetic mechanism for initiating L. monocytogenes infections. And following the change of eating habits and the increase of imported foods, food-born listeriosis may increase. We suppose the increase of L. monocytogenes infections and must give attention to L. monocytogenes infections.
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PMID:[Five cases of listeriosis in the elderly]. 198 Oct 72

Between 1982 and 1989, three women and seven men older than 70 years of age underwent elective free-tissue transfer. Nonhealing wounds of 1 scalp, 2 upper extremities, and 7 lower extremities were covered with 3 serratus anterior, 3 latissimus dorsi, 2 gracilis, and 2 lateral arm flaps. Major coincidental medical problems included hypertension, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, metastatic lung cancer, tachyarrhythmias, syncope, elevated liver function tests, and previous arterial bypass in the affected lower extremity. One flap failed and 2 others were compromised by venous thromboses but salvaged by reoperation. There were no major anesthetic complications. This series demonstrates that elective free-tissue transfers can be safely performed in patients older than 70 years of age.
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PMID:Microsurgical tissue transfer in patients more than 70 years of age. 200 39

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between life style factors and adult diseases among three ethnic groups, Chinese living in Japan, Koreans living in Japan and Japanese. The mortalities of major cancers and other adult diseases of Chinese and Koreans in Japan were compared with those of Japanese by calculating Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) of the two groups using death rates in the Japanese population as the standard. Life style data on smoking, drinking and dietary habits of the three groups were collected by self-administered questionnaire surveys, and age-adjusted proportions were calculated with the truncated world population as the standard. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The mortality rates for liver cancer, lung cancer, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertensive disease, cerebrovascular disease and liver cirrhosis for Koreans of both sexes in Japan were significantly higher than those for Japanese, but the mortality rates of stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer and breast cancer for Korean females were lower than those for Japanese females. 2. The mortality rates for heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disease, liver cirrhosis, rectum cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer (females), breast cancer (females) and cerebrovascular disease (females) for Chinese in Japan were higher than those for Japanese, but the rates for stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer (both sexes), uterus cancer (females) and cerebrovascular disease (males) were lower than those for Japanese. 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A socio-medical study of adult diseases related to life style--comparison of foreigners living in Japan and Japanese]. 213 88

A retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted among 8147 men and 627 women employed in a gray iron foundry for at least 6 months between 1950 and 1979. More than 1700 deaths occurred during a 35-year period of observation. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all causes were close to expected values based on the US general population as the standard. The mortality of nonwhite men was significantly increased for lung cancer (SMR 132) and ischemic heart disease (SMR 126). Other moderate, but nonsignificant excesses were noted among nonwhite men for cancers of the stomach, pancreas, and prostate, for diabetes mellitus and pulmonary emphysema, and among white men for cancers of the lung and stomach, gastric and duodenal ulcers, pulmonary emphysema, and suicide. Small mortality increases were observed in both racial groups for cerebrovascular disease. The lack of a trend with time since hire and duration of foundry employment suggests that lung cancer mortality may not be associated with exposure to the foundry environment. Utilizing indirect measures of smoking, it appears that virtually all excess lung cancer deaths among whites and at least some of the excess among nonwhites could be explained by smoking habits. Similarly, smoking may have been responsible for the mortality excesses from emphysema, cerebrovascular diseases, and ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:Mortality of iron foundry workers: I. Overall findings. 801 21

The impact, time trends and potential for prevention of premature deaths in Canada were assessed. There were almost 100,000 deaths before age 75 in Canada during 1986 resulting in over 1.7 million potential years of life lost (PYLL). The three leading broad disease categories responsible for PYLL were cancer, injuries/violence and cardiovascular disease. In both sexes, coronary heart disease, car accidents, lung cancer and perinatal conditions ranked in the top 5 specific diseases responsible for PYLL; breast cancer (females) and suicide (males) also ranked in the top 5 conditions. Over the period 1969 to 1986, death rates among persons less than age 75 increased for 3 conditions among females and 11 conditions among males. Lung cancer and brain cancer death rates increased in both sexes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease death rates increased among females only and death rates for suicide and 8 types of cancer increased among males only. Over the same period, death rates declined for 37 discrete disease categories among both females and males including particularly large improvements for coronary heart disease, stroke, car accidents and perinatal conditions. An estimated 50,000 or over 50% of all premature deaths per year are preventable through control of smoking, hypertension, elevated serum cholesterol, diabetes and alcohol abuse. About 6,000 premature deaths are avoidable through improvements in medical care.
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PMID:Premature deaths in Canada: impact, trends and opportunities for prevention. 225 55

Although a correlation has been suggested between cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer, studies on pathological changes in the pancreas of smokers are fragmentary. In the present study we examined histopathologically 73 pancreases obtained by autopsy from 42 heavy cigarette smokers and 31 non-smoker patients. One invasive adenocarcinoma (2 cm in diameter) and three small carcinomas (2-5 mm in diameter) were found in smokers and one small carcinoma in a non-smoker patient. Although the incidence of pancreatic cancer in smokers was higher than in non-smokers, the difference was statistically not significant. Of smokers with pancreatic cancer, 2 had lung cancer, 1 skin cancer, 1 colon cancer and 1 was free of any malignancies. Ductal changes, including mucinous or squamous cell metaplasia and papillary hyperplasia, were found with equal frequencies in both groups of patients. The type and the incidence of these ductal alterations were not related to smoking but to the age. Our results do not indicate that cigarette smoking increases the incidence of pancreatic cancer, although, the limited number of the sections of the pancreas examined, as well as exclusion of other important variables, such as alcohol, diet and diabetes weaken the value of this study.
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PMID:Comparative histopathological findings in the pancreas of cigarette smokers and non-smokers. 226 10

Four hundred ten adolescents, ages 14-16 years, completed a questionnaire concerned with their understanding of the social and emotional consequences of AIDS and 5 other illnesses (lung cancer, German measles, chicken pox, asthma, and diabetes). Pupils distinguished between the diseases on all measured items, but younger pupils were more likely to believe that individuals were personally responsible for the onset of AIDS, lung cancer, and diabetes. The data are discussed in terms of the implications for health education campaigns.
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PMID:How adolescents compare AIDS with other diseases: implications for prevention. 232 12

The results of 20 HLA 1-haploidentical donor kidney transplant patients treated with preoperative lymphocyte deletion through thoracic duct drainage and low dose of cyclosporine and steroid immunosuppressive therapy, were presented. The number of removed lymphocytes was 114 +/- 36 X 10(9) (mean +/- SD) and the duration of thoracic duct drainage was 35 +/- 7 days. Graft survival was 100% at 3-9 months and 89% at 1-2 years after transplantation. Patient survival was 100% at 3-9 months and 89% at 1-2 years. A patient died from lung cancer (adenocarcinoma) in the 9th posttransplant month. Acute rejection was not seen in 20 patients during the first 3 months. Life-threatening infectious disease was never seen either. Diabetes mellitus was observed in 1 patient. No other complications were observed. These results indicated that thoracic duct drainage and low dose cyclosporine and steroid postoperative immunosuppressive treatment might yield complete success in HLA 1-haploidentical kidney transplant patients.
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PMID:[Thoracic duct drainage pretreatment and low dose cyclosporine and low dose steroid immunosuppressive treatment in living related kidney transplantation]. 232 19

The finding that mortality differences between occupational classes in England and Wales have widened during the postwar period raises the question whether a similar development has occurred in other industrialised countries. In this paper, a comparison is made with results from a geographical study on the Netherlands. This study compares four periods between 1950 and 1984 by means of a standard regional division, a single socio-economic index, uniform cause-of-death groups and a standard regression procedure. During the postwar period, the relationship between socio-economic level and all-cause mortality has become (more) negative. This development can to a large extent be attributed to 'negative' trends for lung cancer, diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and traffic accidents. High-level regions have fared better partly because favourable changes in national mortality trends seem to have begun first in these regions. The findings from this regional study agree to a large extent with evidence from Dutch studies at the individual level. It is concluded that socio-economic mortality differences in England and Wales and the Netherlands have probably developed similarly in various respects.
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PMID:Socio-economic mortality differences in The Netherlands in 1950-1984: a regional study of cause-specific mortality. 238 49

The reduction of socio-economic inequities in health is now an explicit objective of health policy in Canada. This study examines changes in mortality by income in urban Canada from 1971 to 1986 in terms of both relative and absolute differences between income groups. Street address information as shown on death certificates was used to code census tract of usual place of residence for deaths occurring to residents of Canada's Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) in 1971 and 1986. After exclusion of residents of health care institutions, 73,995 deaths were included in the study for 1971, and 88,129 for 1986. These deaths were analyzed by income quintile (based on census tract incidence of low income), age, sex, and cause of death. In 1971, the difference in life expectancy at birth between the highest and lowest income quintiles was 6.3 years for men and 2.8 years for women. By 1986, these differences had decreased to 5.6 years for men and 1.8 years for women. However, relative mortality (lowest compared to highest income quintile) at most ages changed only slightly over the 15 years. Relative infant mortality, for example, was 1.97 in 1971 and 1.82 in 1986. In 1986, 21% of total potential years of life lost (PYLL) prior to age 75 could be attributed to differences in quintile death rates compared to rates for the highest income quintile. Approximately 45% of this "excess" PYLL was for persons under 45 years of age. In 1971, the comparable figure was 67%. In 1986, the major causes of death contributing to income inequalities in mortality were: circulatory diseases, accounting for 25% of excess PYLL related to quintile differences; accidents, poisonings and violence, accounting for about 17%; and neoplasms, accounting for 15%. Respiratory diseases, ill-defined conditions, metabolic diseases and perinatal conditions each contributed 6-7% of excess PYLL. From 1971 to 1986, in terms of age-standardized morality rates (ASMRs) for all ages, certain causes of death showed increased mortality together with greater inequality by income, especially for males: these causes included lung cancer, suicide, metabolic diseases other than diabetes, and ill-defined conditions. Other causes of death showed either little change or less inequality by income but higher ASMRs: these included breast cancer, colon and rectal cancer, arterial diseases, alcoholism, mental disorders, and diseases of the nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Changes in mortality by income in urban Canada from 1971 to 1986. 249 Nov 31


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