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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The frequency with which diabetes mellitus was mentioned on the death certificates of 18,733 patients dying from bladder cancer has been compared with that of 19,709 patients dying from other cancers (excluding cancer of the lung and pancreas). The estimated relative risk of bladder cancer in diabetics was 0-98 with 95% confidence limits 0-70-1-38. There was no increase in risk of bladder cancer in patients with diabetes of long duration. Diabetics were shown by questionnaire to consume substantially more saccharin than non-diabetics, and the duration of regular saccharin use by diabetics was highly correlated with the duration of diabetes. There was therefore no evidence from this study that consumption of above average amounts of saccharin had led to bladder cancer in diabetics. The proporation of current smokers among diabetics was significantly less than among non-diabetics, and this may account for a low relative risk of lung cancer in the former (0-72).
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PMID:Bladder cancer mortality in diabetics in relation to saccharin consumption and smoking habits. 118 56

The association of cigarette smoking and atherosclerorosis was investigated in 1320 autopsied men, 25--64 years of age. Aortic and coronary lesions were evaluated visually in coded specimens and objectively by analysis of radiographs. Using schedules that had been tested on pairs of living persons, interviewers obtained estimates of cigarette smoking habits of the deceased men from surviving relatives. Data were analysed for black and white men in the total sample of cases and also in groups according to the presence (selected disease group) or absence (basal group) of diseases thought to be associated with smoking (emphysema, lung cancer, etc.) or with coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, etc.). Atherosclerotic involvement of aorta and coronary arteries was greatest in heavy smokers and least in nonsmokers for both races in the total sample of cases, the basal group and the selected disease group.
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PMID:Cigarette smoking and atherosclerosis in autopsied men. 126 63

During a 28-year period, 52 bronchopleural fistulas developed after pulmonary resection of 49 primary and three recurrent lung cancers at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo. During the same period there were 2359 pulmonary resections for primary lung cancer; the prevalence of bronchopleural fistula was 2.1%. Multivariate analysis on 15 variables in the most recent 1360 resections revealed significant risk factors for bronchopleural fistula: wider resection such as pneumonectomy, residual carcinomatous tissue at the bronchial stump, preoperative irradiation, and diabetes. Univariate analysis further recognized a risk in preoperative bronchial arterial infusion and the postsurgical stage of lung cancer. Six patients were not treated. Apart from chest tube drainage in seven patients, surgical repair was attempted in 39, direct resuture of the stump in 16, wrapping in 25, thoracoplasty in 31, completion pneumonectomy in 6, and other treatments. Despite various treatments, 37 patients (71.2% mortality) died from fistula-related complications (such as regurgitation of infected pleural fluid through the fistula and airway/intrathoracic bleeding). Even for patients whose fistulas were cured and who were discharged, the average hospital stay was 189 days. Further investigation is necessary to answer whether prevention by flap coverage is of any benefit.
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PMID:Bronchopleural fistulas associated with lung cancer operations. Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors, management, and outcome. 143 30

The mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in 35-64 year old Danish men has declined by 27% from 1981 to 1989. In the same period, a lesser increase in mortality from all other causes was observed. However, this is a heterogenous phenomenon, since the mortality from (in particular) infectious diseases (AIDS), diabetes mellitus, and a number of diseases related to heavy drinking has increased, whereas the suicide rate and mortality from lung cancer (in 1985-89) have decreased. It is not possible to evaluate the contribution of improved treatment of IHD cases and a decreasing incidence of disease, respectively, to the decline in mortality from IHD. A decreasing incidence is very probable, however, since both the percentage of smokers and the plasma cholesterol levels in middle-aged men have declined significantly since mid-1970s and leisure time physical activity has increased. The trend in IHD mortality in the 1980s points to a sustained decline in the 1990s and a levelling off in the increase in mortality from other causes. Thus total mortality is expected to decrease more rapidly in the 1990s, resulting in an increase in life expectancy of Danish men.
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PMID:[A marked decline in the mortality from ischemic heart disease among middle aged Danish men in the 1980's and simultaneous changes of mortality because of other causes]. 845 97

In 1919, glucose intolerance became the earliest recognized metabolic abnormality in cancer patients. Prior to the development of severe malnutrition, colon, gastric, sarcoma, endometrial, prostate, localized head, neck, and lung cancer patients had many of the metabolic abnormalities of type II (noninsulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. These metabolic abnormalities include glucose intolerance, an increase in both hepatic glucose production (HGP) and glucose recycling, and insulin resistance. In a study of over 600 cancer patients, a diabetic pattern of glucose tolerance test was noted in over one-third of the patients. An increased rate of HGP, commonly seen in diabetics, has been noted in almost all types of cancer patients studied to date. Etiology of the increased glucose production in the cancer patient is not known, but abnormalities in the counter regulatory hormones, especially growth hormone, may contribute to the development of abnormal glucose metabolism. A second possible stimulus for the increase in HGP could be the glucose needs of the tumor. Abnormally high glucose utilization rates in small amounts of tumor tissue have recently been described. This suggests that small tumors may have large needs for glucose calories. An increase in anaerobic glycolysis in the tumor tissue can increase lactate production in the tumor-bearing human, thus supplying substrate to the liver to increase glucose production rates. In this paper, the nature of abnormal glucose metabolism in cancer patients is described.
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PMID:A review of cancer cachexia and abnormal glucose metabolism in humans with cancer. 150 7

The purpose of the study is to analyse the evolution of sex differentials in mortality rates in Catalonia (Spain), to assess which causes of death have the higher differentials and to compare the results with other countries. Standardized mortality rates (direct method), sex mortality ratios and differences were obtained. Mortality data refers to 1985 to allow for comparison. Men had higher mortality than women, for cancer, accidents and diseases of the digestive tract. Women had higher mortality rates for endocrine diseases, mental disorders, cardiovascular, skin and muscle-skeleton diseases and ill-defined causes. The evolution in recent years shows a relative stabilization after an increasing trend observed from 1960 to 1979. In general, men had a 60% higher than women age-adjusted mortality rates in the four countries to which Catalonia is compared. Suicide and accidents showed the highest sex mortality ratios. Diabetes showed a different ratio in Catalonia and Spain (higher female mortality rate) compared to other countries. The causes of death with higher male mortality were accidents, as well as causes associated with smoking (lung cancer and ischemic heart disease).
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PMID:[Differential mortality by sex in Catalonia]. 151 32

Twenty-two patients were diagnosed as coexisting active pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer during last ten years until 1989. They were nineteen men and three women and their age ranged from 61 to 84 years with a mean age of 71.3. Six patients had history of tuberculosis, three had undergone gastrectomy and four patients were complicated with diabetes mellitus. Histological types of lung cancer were epidermoid cell carcinoma in 13, adenocarcinoma in 3, large cell carcinoma in 2, and small cell carcinoma in 4 and clinical stages were "stage I" in 2, "stage II" in 2, "stage IIIA" in 5, "stage IIIB" in 4 and "stage IV" in 7, except 2 patients after surgical treatment. Localizations of lesions of cancer and tuberculosis were in the same lobes in 6, in ipsilateral lung in 6, and in contralateral lung in 6, except 4 cases, whose lesion of tuberculosis was not detectable roentgenologically and all cancers of "same lobe" cases were peripheral origins. Although, the prognosis was poor, which reflects the prognosis of lung cancer as a whole, the efficacy of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy was as good as patients without lung cancer. We mainly discussed the diagnostic points to detect the coexistence of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis at early stage.
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PMID:[A clinical study on coexistence of active pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer]. 155 96

Most published calculations of mortality risk, especially those for lung cancer associated with smoking, are based almost exclusively on the underlying cause as recorded on death certificates. Such risk calculations implicitly assume that the conditional probability of recording lung cancer as the underlying cause of death, given that it really is the underlying cause, is the same for all exposure groups. If these probabilities are not equal for all exposure groups, we call the resulting bias a cause of death attribution bias. We analyzed the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey, a sample of 18,733 U.S. death certificates, and the 1954-1962 Dorn study, a follow-up study of approximately 250,000 holders of U.S. Veterans Life Insurance. Both data sets include information on the smoking habits of decedents and on the underlying and contributing causes of their deaths. We found that lung cancer as an underlying cause is recorded with a much smaller relative frequency if the decedent is known to be a never-smoker and with a much larger relative frequency when the decedent is known to be a smoker. On the other hand, lung cancer as a contributing cause is recorded with a much larger frequency if the decedent is known to be a never-smoker and with a much smaller frequency when the decedent is known to be a smoker. The reverse is true for cancers other than of the lung. There is no similar pattern related to smoking for other causes of death (specifically for myocardial infarction, other chronic ischemic heart disease, diabetes, or cerebrovascular disease).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Bias in the attribution of lung cancer as cause of death and its possible consequences for calculating smoking-related risks. 826 93

Several recent reports from academic centers have documented very low postoperative mortality after lung cancer surgery. However, generalizing these studies to community hospitals is potentially limited by reporting bias. From California hospital discharge abstracts, we identified 12,439 adults who underwent pulmonary resection for lung or bronchial tumors between January 1983 and December 1986. In-hospital mortality was 3.8 percent after wedge resection, 3.7 percent after segmental resection, 4.2 percent after lobectomy, and 11.6 percent after pneumonectomy. In multivariate regression models, the significant predictors of in-hospital death included age 60 years or more, male gender, extended resection, chronic lung or heart disease, diabetes and hospital volume. High-volume hospitals experienced better outcomes than low-volume hospitals, although unmeasured severity of illness may be a confounder. The overall mortality in this community-based sample exceeds that reported by selected centers and provides a better foundation for advising patients.
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PMID:Patient and hospital characteristics related to in-hospital mortality after lung cancer resection. 158 93

During the past 28 years, 55 bronchopleural fistulas (BPFs) have developed after pulmonary resections for 52 primary and 3 recurrent lung cancers at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo. During the same period, there were 2446 pulmonary resections for primary lung cancer, the incidence of BPF being 2.1%. As an operative mode of initial resections, pneumonectomy (26 cases) was most common, followed by lobectomy (20 cases), bronchoplasty (8 cases), and stump resection for recurrence (1 case). The following predisposing risk factors for BPF development were identified: resection for locally advanced lung cancer (80.8%); residual carcinomatous tissue at the resected end of bronchus or anastomosis line (29.1%); hypoalbuminemia, diabetes, or steroid administration (20%); pre- and postoperative adjuvant therapy (49.1%). Seven cases received no treatment for BPF because of sudden deaths by massive airway bleeding (5 cases), worsening pneumonia (1 case), and spontaneous recovery (1 case). Remaining 48 cases underwent treatment; tube thoracostomy only in 7 cases and surgical interventions in 41 cases, one case of which was lost during rethoracotomy due to vascular rupture. Initial surgical interventions were composed of combinations of the following procedures; direct re-suture of fistula (16 cases); amputation of the stump and re-closure (3 cases); completion pneumonectomy (6 cases); reinforcement and wrapping of fistula (27 cases); thoracoplasty (29 case). Among these 40 surgical repairs, fistula was successfully closed in 11 cases. In 5 cases, the fistula closure could be achieved after subsequent surgical procedures. Direct re-suture was successful only in 4 cases. In spite of various kinds of treatment, overall prognosis was quite poor; 37 cases died of BPF-related complications (67.3% mortality).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bronchopleural fistulas developing after pulmonary resections for lung cancer predisposing factors, management, and prognosis]. 196 Apr 33


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