Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five polyols, arabinitol, anhydroglucitol, mannitol, sorbitol and myoinositol, normally present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), were studied. Quantitative gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of 211 CSF and 112 plasma samples indicated significantly altered concentrations in several clinical conditions. All five polyols were decreased in the CSF of patients suffering from meningitis, cerebral atrophy, sepsis, and in patients receiving intrathecal cytostate therapy. Equilibration between plasma and CSF may explain the changes in sepsis and meningitis, while decreased total number of functioning cells may cause the decrease in cerebral atrophy. Intrathecal cytostates seem to have a destroying effect on the cell metabolism of the central nervous system. Renal failure causes accumulation of polyols in the plasma. Alterations in the metabolism of sorbitol, myoinositol and anhydroglucitol seem to be present in diabetes. The plasma concentration of anhydroglucitol is decreased in renal failure.
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PMID:Polyols in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of neurological, diabetic and uraemic patients. 89 15

Risk factors were studied in 96 children with congenital hydrocephalus (CH) coming from 118,265 consecutive births of known outcome. Hydrocephalus with neural tube defects, intracranial tumors or secondary to brain atrophy were excluded. The prevalence of CH was 0.81 per thousand. Diagnosis was performed prenatally in 41 cases. Forty-three (44.8%) of the cases had hydrocephalus without other malformations (isolated hydrocephalus), 18 (18.7%) infants had recognized chromosomal or non-chromosomal syndromes and 35 children (36.4%) had multiple malformations. Each case was matched to a control. Weight and length at birth of children with hydrocephalus were less than in the controls (p < 0.001). The weight of the placenta was lower than in the controls (p < 0.05). The pregnancy with a hydrocephalic child was more often complicated by threatened abortion, polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios. The mothers of children with hydrocephalus and multiple malformations had used oral contraceptives during the first trimester of pregnancy more often than the mothers of the controls. No differences appeared between the mothers of children with CH and the controls for the other risk factors studied: parental age, parity, previous pregnancies, previous stillbirths, smoking, diabetes, epilepsy, X-rays, hypertension, fever "flu", medication and occupational exposure. There was an increase of parental consanguinity in the parents of our patients (6.2% v. 1.1%, p < 0.001) and first degree relatives had more non-cerebral malformations than the controls (7.3% v. 3.2%, p < 0.05).
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PMID:An epidemiologic study of environmental and genetic factors in congenital hydrocephalus. 129 84

We evaluated, retrospectively, the occurrence of brain atrophy in all patients (n = 416) with a brain CT scan performed during a 3-month period in 1989 at the Tampere University Central Hospital. Age, diabetes, hypertension, chronic cerebrovascular disorders and an increasing number of medications were associated with brain atrophy in the log-linear models. We suggest that the effect of various systemic medical disorders on the brain requires consideration when evaluating and assessing physiological ageing of the brain.
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PMID:Brain atrophy on computerized axial tomography scans: interaction of age, diabetes and general morbidity. 142 28

Point mutation of mitochondrial DNA has been described in the blood from a MELAS patient. The 39-year-old patient developed progressive dementia, stroke-like episodes, heart conduction defect (Lown-Ganong-Levin syndrome) and cortical blindness. CT scan revealed brain atrophy and low density areas in the bilateral occipital lobes. Laboratory tests showed hyperglycemia and lactic acidosis. Muscle biopsy showed ragged red fibers on Gomori trichrome staining. He was clinically diagnosed as having MELAS and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Onset of diabetes mellitus and MELAS was almost same. Family history showed his mother's brother and sisters had also insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We amplified the leucine (UUR) tRNA gene from the patient's blood with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analysed it by restriction enzyme analysis and sequencing. Genetic analysis showed A-to-G substitution at the nucleotide position 3243 in the leucine (UUR) tRNA gene. This substitution made a new restriction site Apa I. Mutant DNA coexisted with wild type DNA (heteroplasmy). It is shown that in some types of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, especially patients of Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS), diabetes mellitus is often complicated. And in KSS patients insulin receptor in normal, but insulin secretion from beta cells of pancreas is decreased. In MELAS patients, however, has diabetes mellitus been reported to be rarely complicated and relationship between MELAS and diabetes mellitus is not done. As far as we know, two cases, including ours, with genetically diagnosed MELAS have been reported to have diabetes mellitus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[MELAS associated with diabetes mellitus and point mutation in mitochondrial DNA]. 159 Nov 3

In 1989, 22 children (11 boys, 11 girls aged 8-23 years) with nephropathic cystinosis, who had received a total of 28 renal allografts over the previous 14 years, were reviewed. Nineteen were alive, of whom 17 had functioning grafts 5 months to 13 years after transplantation. The mean serum creatinine level in these 17 was 135 mumol/l. Patient and graft survival did not differ from non-cystinotic children. Persistent hypothyroidism was found in 3 patients, transient diabetes mellitus in 1, severely disturbed vision in 1 and brain atrophy in 11. Arterial hypertension was present in 16 patients. Growth retardation was universal, although in 4 patients on cyclosporin A post-transplant catch-up growth occurred. Five patients over 15 years completed puberty. Readjustment in terms of school performance was good but was less good for psychosocial development. None of the patients had ever been treated with cystine-depleting agents; the data will therefore provide a historical control group with which to compare the results from a group treated with these agents.
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PMID:Renal transplantation in 22 children with nephropathic cystinosis. 176 83

A 66-year-old female suffering from HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM) for more than 30 years was hospitalized because of memorial impairment, deafness, dysarthria, dysphagia, and complete paraplegia. She first noticed stiffness and weakness of the right leg at 35 years of age. Gait disturbance was slowly progressed and complete paraplegia developed 18 years later. Neurological examinations on admission revealed that she was bedridden with decubitus, mental deterioration (pre-dementia of subcortical type), bilateral optic nerve atrophy, severe sensory-neural deafness, dysarthria, complete paraplegia, and marked neurogenic bladder. Laboratory data showed mild normocytic anemia and moderate diabetes mellitus. Anti-HTLV-1 antibody titers in serum and CSF were 78,192X and 1,024X, respectively (PA method). Serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptor was markedly elevated (2,200 U/ml). Peripheral blood lymphocytes showed spontaneous proliferation when cultured for 5 days (3H-thymidine uptake; 45,285 cpm/5 X 10(4) cells). MRI examinations of the spinal cord disclosed a predominant atrophy of lower thoracic cord without any compressive lesions. Brain MRI showed diffuse high intensity lesions of the periventricular area on T2 weighted images. Such abnormalities were predominantly found in fronto-parietal region and were quite similar to those of leuko-ariosis. Single photon emission CT using 123I-iodoamphetamine showed hypoperfusion of cerebral white matter on delayed image. It has been reported that intellectual impairment and brain atrophy are not usually seen in HAM patients. The present case, however, shows that such abnormalities of the central nervous system could occur in HAM patients with a long duration of illness.
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PMID:[A case of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy progressed in course over 30 years]. 189 70

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion is associated with a variety of clinical entities. In addition to progressive external ophthalmoplegia and Kearns-Sayre syndrome, mtDNA deletions have been demonstrated in Pearson's syndrome. We report an mtDNA deletion in an infant with a variant of Pearson's syndrome. Not only does she have congenital anemia, severe tubulopathy, and exocrine pancreas insufficiency, but she also has diabetes and cerebral atrophy. However, there are no signs of gut or liver involvement. Bone marrow improved while new tissues were involved, thus showing variability in progression of the disease. Decreased respiratory chain enzyme activities were demonstrated in muscle, and an mtDNA deletion was demonstrated in muscle, kidney, leukocytes, and fibroblasts.
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PMID:Congenital hypoplastic anemia, diabetes, and severe renal tubular dysfunction associated with a mitochondrial DNA deletion. 195 15

Subdural hematoma is divided roughly into two types acute and chronic. The two show an entirely different mode of illness. The authors have encountered 4 cases of subacute subdural hematoma in which characteristics of both types coexisted. These cases are characterized by the following. 1) The disease develops in the elderly persons with a history of trauma unknown or after minor head injury. 2) There is a relatively long period of clear consciousness and they visit a hospital when they are in the subacute stage, 3) They have a history of drinking alcohol heavily as a habit and there is a high risk of hypertension and diabetes. 4) Brain CT findings sometimes reveals mixed density hematoma. 5) Hemorrhage from the cortical artery is occasionally noted as the operative findings. Hematoma membrane is absent. 6) The outcome is generally poor because of systemic complications. As described above subacute subdural hematoma was similar to chronic subdural hematoma in the clinical course and CT findings. But operative findings of this disease indicated acute subdural hematoma. Repeated minor hemorrhage, related to coagulation disorder and brain atrophy would be important as the mechanism of subacute subdural hematoma. The effectiveness of perforation craniotomy as radical operation was low and removal of hematoma by major craniotomy was needed. The concept of subacute subdural hematoma is considered important in deciding on a therapeutic policy.
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PMID:[Subacute subdural hematoma--report of 4 cases and a review of the literature]. 219 49

Two patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) for 42 and 46 years respectively were diagnosed to produce factitious hypoglycemia. They had several properties in common: abnormal personality, refusal to stop incipient hypoglycemia, ideal body weight, good hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values, non-specific changes in the EEG, and brain atrophy sparing the periventricular areas. The addiction forced the patients to continue their habit during hospital stay. The dose of surreptitiously injected regular insulin always produced serum insulin concentrations large enough to clarify the diagnosis.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1989 Feb 15
PMID:Insulin abuse in long-standing IDDM. 264 46

Changes of cerebral white matter on computed cranial tomography related to aging were studied in 70 subjects aged 30 to 94 years. The subjects had no histories of cerebrovascular accidents and no abnormalities in the central nervous system were shown by physical examinations nd CT scans. We measured the average attenuation values (CT numbers) of each elliptical region (165 pixels, 0.39 cm2) in the bilateral thalamus and twelve areas of deep white matter. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the effects of age, cranial size and cranial bone CT numbers on the brain CT numbers. We also studied the association between brain CT numbers and brain atrophy, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. CT numbers of frontal white matter surrounding anterior horns decreased with aging in 70 subjects aged 30 to 94 years. No significant correlation between age and brain CT numbers was found in any other region by multivariate analysis, because of the prominent effect of cranial bone CT numbers on brain CT numbers. Although no age-related changes of white matter CT numbers was found in 41 subjects aged 30 to 65 years, there were significant negative correlations between age and white matter CT numbers at all regions in 29 subjects aged 66 to 94 years. Brain atrophy was associated with brain CT numbers. No association was found for hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Brain CT numbers decreased with aging even in neurologically healthy persons in older age. Brain CT numbers also decreased as cerebral atrophy advanced.
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PMID:[Age-related cerebral white matter changes on computed tomography]. 277 25


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