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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with a transient elevation of the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) associated with a benign disease was reported. The elevation of CEA was noted in the patient with low T3, T4 syndrome associated with malnutrition due to malabsorption syndrome induced by post-gastrectomy and chronic pancreatitis. Mild liver dysfunction and diabetes mellitus were also noted. The CEA level decreased as T3, T4 level and malnutrition were improved by administration of a massive digestive enzyme preparation. This inverse correlation between the serum CEA and serum T3, T4 levels suggested that high levels of the serum CEA can be found in the patient with malnutrition.
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PMID:A case of transient elevation of the serum carcinoembryonic antigen and associated with severe malnutrition and low T3, T4 syndrome. 188 26

The prevalence, age at diagnosis, clinical characteristics and treatment of young diabetics, younger than 40 years were determined on the basis of a cross-sectional study of medical records of 2 health districts in Pahang, Malaysia. There were only 20 insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM), prevalence 0.07 per 1000 inhabitants. There were 84 non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDM), prevalence 0.3 per 1000 inhabitants. Three of the NIDDM patients could have malnutrition-related diabetes. Many NIDDM patients were asymptomatic which is an important reason why many of them remain undetected in the community. Seventy-four percent of the patients below the age of 30 years at diagnosis had NIDDM, 56% of the patients below the age of 20 years at diagnosis also had NIDDM and 54% of the NIDDM patients had a strong family history of diabetes. Many NIDDM patients were misdiagnosed as IDDM, especially if they were underweight, leading to considerable overuse of insulin. This study confirms that IDDM is rare in Malaysia, as in other Asian countries. Most young diabetics have NIDDM and have a strong family history. This pattern of diabetes in the young is unlike that seen in the West.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1991 Jul
PMID:Prevalence, age at diagnosis, clinical characteristics and treatment of diabetes in the young in Pahang, Malaysia. 188 50

The poor growth associated with protein-calorie malnutrition occurs despite circulating growth hormone levels that are normal or elevated and is thought to be mediated partly by blunted generation of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) in the liver. To explore underlying mechanisms, we asked whether altered availability of amino acids could regulate hepatic IGF-I release independent of the contributions of regulatory hormones. Normal rat hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion and maintained in serum-free medium with fixed concentrations of insulin and dexamethasone. Levels of immunoassayable albumin and IGF-I accumulation in daily changes of medium were sustained for 3-5 days, and all studies were performed within this period. Cellular viability and content of DNA were unaffected by deprivation of the essential amino acids lysine or tryptophan and the nonessential amino acids cysteine and/or cystine. However, deletion of tryptophan or lysine from the culture medium led to 63 and 76% declines in IGF-I release, respectively (both P less than 0.001 vs. complete medium), although omission of cysteine or cysteine plus cystine produced no significant change. Over 5 days of culture, release of albumin was maintained in complete medium, but omission of tryptophan depressed albumin release over days 2-5 (P less than 0.001). In complete medium, IGF-I release rose for 3 days and then declined. In tryptophan-deficient medium, IGF-I levels were comparable to control values after 24 h but did not rise at 48 h and then fell rapidly after 72 h in culture, with values significantly below levels in complete medium (all P less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1991 Jan
PMID:Nutrition and somatomedin. XXIII. Molecular regulation of IGF-I by amino acid availability in cultured hepatocytes. 190 9

Little is known about effective treatment for severe diarrhea in the insulin-dependent diabetic patient. A 41-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of hyperglycemia and dysuria. She had stopped insulin self-injection therapy for 2 years and diarrhea had become worse, resulting in malnutrition. Following enteral alimentation by elemental diet (ED) with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), frequency of diarrhea remarkably decreased and general nutritional condition was improved. At the first step, the patient was given 600 kcal/d ED through the tube sustained in the jejunum. Total calorie intake for 24 hours was gradually increased to the level of 2400 kcal/d and this therapy continued for 5 months. During this period, blood glucose level was kept in almost normal range (between 100 and 200 mg/dL) through the continuous insulin infusion of regular insulin (1.0-1.5 U/h). Thereafter, general conditions were improved and frequency of diarrhea gradually decreased. When this treatment was stopped, watery diarrhea, steatorrhea, and hypoalbuminemia completely disappeared and she gained 12 kg of body weight. Furthermore, spontaneous urination appeared following this treatment. This case suggests that the enteral hyperalimentation combined with strict control of blood glucose, using the CSII, may be an effective therapy for such severe diarrhea with malnutrition in diabetes.
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PMID:Enteral hyperalimentation with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion improved severe diarrhea in poorly controlled diabetic patient. 190 53

In a span of 18 months 48 Gabonese adults with apparent primary diabetes were studied at the University Hospital of Libreville. 23 patients were first seen at the time of the clinical onset of the disease and 25 others were treated with insulin before their first hospitalization during this period. Initial insulin therapy seemed necessary for all the subjects but equilibration was generally easy and insulin could be discontinued in most cases after several months of treatment. These subjects did not fit the criteria for the classical insulin-dependent or non-insulin-dependent forms of diabetes and they had no antecedent of malnutrition. The acute clinical presentation might have been due to failing insulin secretion secondary to hyperglycemic beta-cell toxicity. Such an evolution has already been described in some black American diabetics with a family link. So, genetic factors could be essential in atypical forms of diabetes mellitus in Africa.
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PMID:[Characteristics of the development of insulin need in primary diabetes of adults in Gabon]. 195 10

The manifestations of endocrine derangements in the musculoskeletal system in infancy and childhood are disturbances in growth and maturation and in adulthood are disturbances in maintenance and metabolism. Hypercortisolism during skeletal immaturity suppresses growth. In the adult, hypercortisolism leads to osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, and muscle wasting. Deficiency of growth hormone during skeletal development results in short stature. An excess of growth hormone in a skeletally immature individual results in gigantism, an excess in a skeletally mature individual results in acromegaly. Patients with gigantism have extreme height with normal body proportions. Musculoskeletal manifestations of acromegaly include soft-tissue thickening, vertebral body enlargement, characteristic hand and foot changes, and enthesal bony proliferation. Hyperthyroidism causes catabolism of protein and loss of connective tissue, which manifest as muscle wasting. Deficient levels of thyroid hormone cause defects in growth and development. Severe growth retardation from congenital hypothyroidism is rare because neonatal screening recognizes the disorder and leads to early treatment. The skeletal manifestation of hypergonadism in children is precocious growth and early skeletal maturation. Although the initial precocious growth spurt results in a tall child, early closure of the growth plates results in a short adult. Hypogonadism in the prepubertal child results in delayed adolescence and delayed skeletal maturation. Diabetes mellitus in childhood results in decreased growth, a phenomenon presumed to be secondary to nutritional abnormalities. Generalized osteoporosis and short stature are common. In the adult, generalized osteoporosis may accompany insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus if obesity is absent. Calcification of interdigital arteries of the foot is common in diabetics and uncommon in other conditions. Additional skeletal manifestations relate to complications of diabetes such as peripheral neuropathy and diabetic foot disease.
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PMID:Radiologic manifestations in the musculoskeletal system of miscellaneous endocrine disorders. 198 24

The 445 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in compromised host were investigated. Summary of the analysed results were as follows; (1) The major underlying diseases of compromised hosts with tuberculosis were diabetes mellitus and various types of cancer. (2) The major risk factors for advancement of tuberculosis were malnutrition and iatrogenic suppressions due to long term use of corticosteroids and anticancer agents. (3) The patients with malnutrition in the compromised hosts showed poor prognosis. (4) The chest roentgenogram of tuberculous lesion was difficult to improve in these patients when their clinical stage of tuberculosis had been advanced at admission. (5) The diagnosis and management of pulmonary tuberculosis in compromised host remain as a serious problem in recent years.
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PMID:[Pulmonary tuberculosis in the compromised host--report of the 30th B series of controlled trials of chemotherapy--Cooperative Study Unit of Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis of the National Sanatoria in Japan]. 202 64

Diabetes mellitus delays wound healing. Hyperglycemia leads to osmotic diuresis and subsequent decreased oxygenation and perfusion. It also limits PMN functioning and produces malnutrition by increasing hormones that cause catabolism. With meticulous monitoring of blood glucose levels and intensive insulin therapy of the postsurgical patients with diabetes, hyperglycemia can be reduced. If hyperglycemia is contained at a level less than 200 mg/dl, attention can be focused on supportive measures to promote wound healing.
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PMID:The effects of diabetes mellitus on wound healing. 203 14

Loss of renal mass evokes increased ammoniagenesis in surviving nephrons, which in turn enables net acid excretion by the kidney. However, this compensatory increase in ammonia production in surviving nephrons triggers the alternative complement pathway, thereby instigating progressive tubulointerstitial injury. Ammonia has recently been identified as a stimulus to renal growth. Enhanced renal growth may serve as a forerunner for renal injury. The growth-promoting properties of ammonia may provide another mechanism through which augmented ammoniagenesis may underlie the enhancement of renal growth and injury observed in such models as the remnant kidney, hypokalemic nephropathy, high protein feeding, experimental diabetes nephropathy, and dietary deficiency of antioxidants.
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PMID:Increased ammoniagenesis as a determinant of progressive renal injury. 204 43

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among 445 new immigrant Ethiopian Jews was studied immediately after their arrival to Israel, and found to be 0.4%. This low prevalence could be attributed to their long trek accompanied by severe malnutrition which caused death to the old, weak and sick, leaving a selectively young and healthy population group.
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PMID:Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopian immigrants. 205 May 5


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