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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
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Rapid economic development resulted in urbanization of Korea, since 1960s. Seoul is the center of politics, finance, education and culture of Korea. Mostly young people have migrated to large cities, such as Seoul and Pusan. For instance, the population in Seoul city was 2.5 million in 1960 but increased to 10 million in 1990. Presently, total population of Seoul and Pusan, second largest city, composed of approximately 50% of whole national population. The economic distribution among urban people became extremely uneven creating a large gap between low and high income group. As a consequence, both under and over nutritional problems coexist. According to the national nutrition survey data, animal food, such as meat, fish and dairy products have been consumed about 6 times more, and cereal consumption was far less in higher income group. In terms of nutrients intake, 28% of total caloric intake comes from lipids and 15-17% of total caloric intake from protein. This was found in higher income group, while low income group consumed more than 80% of total caloric intake from carbohydrate. The trends of major causes of death in Korea have changed. The degenerative diseases, cerebral disorder, high blood pressure became leading cause of death in recent years. Malignant neoplasm and diabetes followed second leading cause of death in Korea. Undernutrition and nutritional insufficiencies, anemia and low growth rate continue to exist among low income group. According to the annual death rate by age group, the age between 34-54 was the highest in the world.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Urban nutritional problems of Korea. 134 61

HLA-DRB, -DQA and -DQB genes were studied in ten South Indian malnutrition-related diabetic patients, ten Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and 45 control subjects, by TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The DR7,DQw9 haplotype was found to be frequent in patients with malnutrition-related diabetes (p less than 0.01). The DRw17,DQw2 haplotype was overrepresented in the patients with Type 1 diabetes compared to control subjects (p less than 0.05). In vitro amplification of the polymorphic second exon of DQB genes by the polymerase chain reaction technique was performed on DNA from 10 malnutrition-related diabetic patients, 10 Type 1 diabetic patients and 13 control subjects, as they belong to a new population. Hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes for DQB1 alleles showed homozygosity of aspartic acid at position 57 in 7 of 10 malnutrition-related diabetic patients compared to 2 of 10 Type 1 diabetic (p less than 0.05) and 15 of 45 control subjects (p less than 0.05). Homozygosity of non-aspartic acid at position 57 was present in 7 of 10 Type 1 diabetic compared to 0 of 10 malnutrition-related diabetic patients (p less than 0.005) and 3 of 45 control subjects (p less than 0.05). This study has confirmed the association of DQB1 57 non-asp in South Indians with Type 1 diabetes. In addition, our data clearly show that the genetic background of malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus is different from that of Type 1 diabetes.
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PMID:Different genetic backgrounds for malnutrition-related diabetes and type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in south Indians. 134 12

Large numbers of diabetics with renal failure have been treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Overall 1-year patient survival varies from 51% to 87%. Mortality is due to cardiovascular disease in more than 50% of the cases. Young diabetics with good blood pressure control and without cardiac disease have a chance at long survival on CAPD. In comparison to hemodialysis, CAPD yields better patient survival for young diabetics and worse for old diabetics, worse technique survival, probably greater overall morbidity, and similar rates of progression of retinopathy, neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease. Adequacy of peritoneal clearance and peritoneal ultrafiltration characteristics are similar between diabetics and non-diabetics on CAPD. CAPD is associated with better preservation of renal function than hemodialysis in diabetics. The rates of CAPD peritonitis do not differ substantially between diabetics and non-diabetics. However, diabetes appears to be associated with higher incidence of tunnel infection. Hyperlipidemia is generally less severe in diabetics than non-diabetics on CAPD, but malnutrition is more frequent in diabetics. CAPD has many attractive features and several drawbacks for the management of diabetics with end stage renal failure (ESRF). Its ultimate success will depend on the outcome of efforts to improve cardiovascular mortality, malnutrition, hyperlipidemia and catheter-related infections.
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PMID:CAPD in end stage patients with renal disease due to diabetes mellitus--an update. 136 83

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of peptides, binding proteins, and receptors are ubiquitous and important for normal human growth and development. Modern techniques including specific radioimmunoassays, radioreceptor assays and recombinant DNA technology have improved our understanding of the role of IGFs in growth and development. In addition to enhancing our understanding of normal physiology, these techniques assess changes in these hormones, binding proteins, and receptors in pathologic conditions including growth retardation, acromegaly, malnutrition, diabetes, and malignancy. Further, these studies have led to improvement in the assessment of responses to certain therapies used in the treatment of these diseases and may lead to improvements in these therapies.
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PMID:NIH conference. Insulin-like growth factors in health and disease. 146 41

This paper sums up the clinical epidemiological investigation data on risk factors (RF) of coronary heart disease (CHD) among 743 office workers, with an average age of 61.0 +/- 8.0. The investigation involved factors relating to history, physical examination, biochemistry, blood rheology and TCM Syndrome Differentiation. According to the results of the computerized single-factor correlation analysis, the incidence of CHD in RF exposed group was obviously higher than that of unexposed one, 65 RF such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipemia, smoking, body weight, HDL-C/TC, blood viscosity etc. were recorded. Using multivariate regressive analysis it revealed that hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, heavy cigarette smoking, overweight, diastolic pressure, cortisol, TCM senile index, Blood Stasis Syndrome, Qi Stagnation Syndrome, Qi Deficiency Syndrome and Heart Deficiency Syndrome were the main RF. The result concerning RF of Western medicine (WM) was in conformity with that at home and abroad. In addition, some TCM-RF were selected which couldn't be replaced by WM-RF. These indicate that there are TCM-RF and WM-RF in the development of CHD and it is better to adopt the method for preventing and treating CHD with combined TCM-WM. As to TCM-RF of CHD, the authors consider that there are both the factors of Deficiency and Excess, so preventing and treating CHD should aim at reinforcing the Deficiency and reducing the Excess.
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PMID:[Clinical epidemiological study on risk factors of coronary heart disease in 743 subjects]. 139 88

Nine cases of urosepsis registered between 1986 and 1990 are analyzed. Authors intended to find out practical conclusions which can improve the prognosis of urosepsis. Risk factors are considered advanced age, preoperative disorders (diabetes, malnutrition), preexistent end organ failure (kidney, liver, lung) and urinary infection. Early diagnosis, emergency restoration of urinary flow, suppression of primary focus of infection, intravenous antibiotherapy and energetic intensive care measures are necessary for the outcome of patients.
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PMID:Urosepsis. Clinical aspects--therapy--results. 141 19

Over a period of 6 years 192 cases of urosepsis have been recorded and managed in our urological department. In almost all cases (97%) the primary focus of infection was the urinary tract and the responsible microorganisms were Gram-negative rods, in order Enterobacter, B. Proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella and others. Clinical features were dominated by symptoms related to failure or insufficiency of end organs (fever, hypotension, oliguria, mental disorders, respiratory distress etc.). Bacteremia was diagnosed with an incidence of 66%, septic shock 12% and MSOF 20%. Negative bacteriological tests do not rule out the diagnosis of systemic infection. Risk factors are considered advanced age, uremia, diabetes, malnutrition and extensive surgery.
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PMID:Clinical comments on management of urosepsis in a general urological department. 141 20

Nutritional diagnosis and management are important aspects of general practice. This information, which is presented in two parts, offers the general practitioner a practical framework and an approach to nutritional advice. Part 1 outlines the clinical conditions and principles involved in nutritional diagnosis with a management approach to macrovascular disease and obesity. Part 2 covers protein malnutrition, eating disorders, osteoporosis, nutrient toxicity, cancer, inherited metabolic disorders, nutrient deficiency and diabetes mellitus. This material is based on a seminar organised by Kellogg (Australia) Pty Ltd in Melbourne in 1989 and the material is reproduced with the kind permission of Kellogg (Australia) Pty Ltd.
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PMID:Clinical nutrition in primary health care. 144 76

Nutritional diagnosis and management are important aspects of general practice. This information, presented in two parts, offers the general practitioner a practical framework and a approach to nutritional advice. Part 2 covers protein malnutrition, eating disorders, osteoporosis, nutrient toxicity, cancer, inherited metabolic disorders, nutrient deficiency and diabetes mellitus. (Part I, outlining the clinical conditions and principles involved in nutritional diagnosis with a management approach to macrovascular disease and obesity, appeared in the October issue of Australian Family Physician.)
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PMID:Clinical nutrition in primary health care. Part 2: Assessment, diagnosis, presentation and management. 144

Chronic pancreatitis is defined by a persistent destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma replaced by fibrosis. The lesions generally start in the exocrine gland, islets being attacked later in the fibrosis. The two most frequent forms are: 1. Chronic calcifying pancreatitis which is a pancreatic lithiasis responsible for more than 95% of chronic pancreatitis. In its most frequent form, calculi are built up of more than 98% calcium salts together with fibres of a degraded residue of lithostathine, a secretory protein. This disease is related (i) in most countries to alcohol, protein, fat and tobacco and (ii) in certain tropical countries to malnutrition (low-fat, low-protein diet) for some generations. A causative role for cassava and kwashiorkor is improbable. The mechanism of calcium precipitation is partly explained by the calcium-saturation of pancreatic juice and the decreased biosynthesis of lithostathine S, the secretory protein preventing crystallization. As a rule, diabetes (and steatorrhoea) appear after a clinical evolution characterized by recurrent attacks of upper abdominal pain, generally lasting some days with transiently increased concentrations of pancreatic enzymes in serum. When diabetes appears, pain frequently disappears. Complications are mostly observed in the first 10 years of clinical evolution. 2. Obstructive pancreatitis is due to an obstacle (tumours, scars) in the pancreatic duct. It is rarely a cause of diabetes. Diabetes due to chronic pancreatitis is characterized by the low incidence of ketosis and the high incidence of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Patients are generally thin. Serum insulin levels, either basal or stimulated, are decreased. Glucagon is less affected. Angiopathies and retinopathies are less frequent than in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Neural complications are fairly frequent. The diagnosis is generally easy because diabetes appears at a late stage of the disease. The treatment generally requires insulin.
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PMID:Chronic pancreatitis and diabetes. 144 67


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