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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Crude fiber (CF) is the residue of plant food left after extraction by dilute acid followed by dilute alkali. Dietary fiber (DF), a new term, is the residue of plant food resistant to hydrolysis by human alimentary enzymes. DF is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin; these constituents are not reported in food tables. For instance, whole wheatmeal has DF about 11%, CF about 2%. It is suggested that a new term, dietary fiber complex (DFC), should include all substances of DF plus all chemical compounds naturally associated with, and concentrated around, these structural polymers. CF supplies from starchy staples, wheat and potato, in England and Wales were probably stationary from 1770 to 1860, fell greatly from 1860 to 1910, rose during food controls in 1942 to 1953, and declined slightly from 1954 to 1970. It is postulated that fiber is a protective factor against certain colonic disorders, such as diverticular disease, and certain metabolic diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. These three diseases had changing trends of mortality rates in England during the food control years. Westernization of African diets is accompanied by a large fall in CF from starchy foods and vegetables and an increased prevalence of the same three diseases.
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PMID:Definition of dietary fiber and hypotheses that it is a protective factor in certain diseases. 77 66

Over 50 years of experience with pregnancy in diabetic women is reviewed. In particular, the maternal and fetal survival in mothers with either microvascular or macrovascular disease is considered. This includes White classes E, F, R, RF, H, and T. In this group of patients with vascular disease, maternal survival during pregnancy is virtually 100 per cent with the exception of class H (ischemic heart disease). Fetal survival has steadily improved throughout the time period examined, but is still considerably below that of pregnancies occurring in women without vascular disease. Long-term maternal survival is adversely affected by the first decade after delivery.
Diabetes 1977 Oct
PMID:Pregnancy in diabetes complicated by vascular disease. 90 64

The blood sugar content was determined in 142 patients with myocardial infarction on the 1--3rd, 7-10th, 28--30th days of the disease by the Hagedorn-Jensen method. The standard glucose tolerance test was conducted in 64 patients on the 30th day of the disease and repeated in 20 patients 18 months after infarction. It was concluded that transient hyperglycemia developed in 47.8% of patients with myocardial infarction in the acute period, predominantly in those with a sugar curve of the diabetes-decipiens type. Carbohydrate tolerance was reduced in two thirds of the patients. In some of them this disorder was attended with clinical signs of diabetes and a severe course of myocardial infarction. In patients with diminished carbohydrate tolerance the sugar curve remained abnormal 18 months after the disease. Obvious diabetes developed in 6 out of 20 patients examined. Among relatives of patients with disturbed carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus was encountered more frequently and the incidence of ischemic heart disease and hypertension was higher.
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PMID:[Hyperglycemia and the glucose tolerance test in the acute period of myocardial infarct and in the remote post-infarct period]. 92 75

To identify metabolic and other concomitants of a single important type of atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, 75 patients with angiographically and surgically proven internal carotid stenosis were compared with age and sex matched control subjects with respect to plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. They were also compared for blood pressure, cigarette smoking, evidence of ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and for a family history of these diseases. Patients with carotid stenosis had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures and higher plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations than the control groups. They had, as well, a far greater likelihood of being cigarette smokers and a greater likelihood of having diabetes mellitus and previous evidence of coronary and peripheral vascular disease. Patients with carotid stenosis were far more likely to have 2 or more of these common concomitants of atherosclerosis than were the control subjects. The data suggest that the precursors of carotid stenosis are similar to those of coronary atherosclerosis and raise the hope that modification of these factors may decrease the incidence of this highly prevalent form of cerebrovascular disease.
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PMID:Concomitants of atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis. 92 53

In 30 diabetics and their nearest relations (44 persons) the immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was examined and a routine glucose tolerance test was carried out as well as in patients with ischaemic heart disease (more than 100 patients). The control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers. An analysis of the results was performed taking into consideration the degrees of severity and the duration of the diabetes as well as the age of the patients. A conclusion was drawn that the exhaustion of Langerhans islets occurs relatively early during "juvenile" diabetes. A clear decrease of the IRI corresponding to the degree of severity and to the duration of diabetes can be observed. In the nearest relations of the diabetics a normal IRI-level and in a relatively little percentage latent forms of a diabetes were detected. In patients with ischaemic heart disease however, the non-manifest forms of diabetes were by far more frequent. It is considered that more precise tests should be applied in laboratory diagnosis of latent diabetes mellitus in hereditarily aggravated persons in the mentioned respect.
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PMID:[Latent diabetes mellitus in families with diabetes and ischemic heart disease]. 96 Aug 96

Swedish twins have been followed for mortality since 1961, when the Swedish Twin Registry was formed. During the years 1961-73 there were 1290 deaths among twins born in 1901-25. In 1156 cases the cause of death could be established from collected records and classified according to the 1965 revision of ICD. Using the review of records as the standard, rates of detection and confirmation relating to the death certificate diagnoses were calculated. It is concluded that Swedish death certificate data are fairly valid for use in epidemiological studies and mortality statistics with regard to most cancer forms, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, bronchitis, asthma and emphysema, accidents and suicides, but not for diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, mental diseases, rheumatic heart diseases and other heart diseases. However, in selected clinical-epidemiological studies it is often necessary to collect all available documents prior to judging the cause of death.
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PMID:A validation of cause-of-death certification in 1,156 deaths. 97 Feb 29

The mortality experience of 5971 members of the British Diabetic Association (BDA) was followed-up for between five and eight years to mid-1973. Overall, 1207 deaths occurred compared with 778 expected from the mortality of the population of England and Wales in 1972. This excess of deaths was due almost entirely to diabetes mellitus and ischaemic heart disease. Deaths from cancer (128) were significantly fewer than expected (168), mainly because of a deficit in the number of deaths from cancers related to smoking (cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, oesophagus, respiratory system, and bladder). There was also a lower than expected mortality from chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Data on saccharin consumption by BDA members showed that more than half of them used saccharin tablets daily, with an overall daily intake of three to six tablets, depending on age and sex. Information on a small sample of survivors from the mortality study suggested that about 23% of them would have taken saccharin daily for 10 years or more and 10% for 25 years or more by the end of the follow-up. It was concluded that these relatively high levels of saccharin intake had not increased the risk of cancer in general among BDA members.
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PMID:Cancer mortality and saccharin consumption in diabetics. 97 34

We now possess enough data concerning prognosis so that we can highlight the areas of concentration for the practicing physician. A history of congestive failure, hypertension,or diabetes is of greatest importance. Smoking is in a similar category, but cholesterol elevation is not. Electrocardiographic findings can be used as an immediate discriminator, depending on whether they are normal or abnormal. Further refinements are possible, depending on whether there are ST-segment depressions or elevations, ventricular conduction defects, repetitive ventricular dysrhythmias, left ventricular hypertrophy, or Q waves of prior infarctions. The exercise electrocardiogram provides additional important information and, if markedly abnormal, can detect with reasonable degree of accuracy the presence and degree of ischemic heart disease. The coronary arteriogram, which influences many of the preceding clinical criteria, permits an accurate prediction of five-year mortality and in a preliminary fashion can be integrated with electrocardiographic and ventriculographic abnormalities to derive a significant measure of prognosis. Finally, cardiac function, if assessed according to specific criteria, becomes an extremely important variable in predicting natural history in coronary heart disease.
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PMID:Natural history of coronary heart disease. 97 44

186 patients with periarthritis of the shoulder have been studied. The sex ratio was female:male, 1-52:1. The peak age of onset was 54-59 years in both sexes. Over 40% of the patients were referred to the clinic after 6 months had elapsed from the time of onset of the disease. The right shoulder was more frequently involved than the left, particularly in the men. One shoulder only was affected in 75% of patients. There was frequently a previous history of 'rheumatism' before the episode of periarthritis. In one-third of the women 'nonspecific rheumatism' had occurred. Cervicobrachial pain and a previous episode of shoulder pain had occurred more often in the women. There were a number of associated diseases, ischaemic heart disease, thyroid disease among women, diabetes among women, hemiplegia, pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, and epilepsy. Acute trauma was rarely a precipitating factor. Manual workers were more frequently seen than sedentary workers in the sample, and there were more in the sample than in the general population of Leeds. The general psychological background was no different from a control group. The Maudsley Personality Inventory gave no different results among patients with periarthritis of the shoulder than among a control group and among the general population. It is suggested that there is no evidence in this study for a 'periarthritic personality'. It is suggested that the cause of periarthritis of the shoulder is likely to be related to chronic trauma occurring in an age range when changes in connective tissue are occurring. Certain associated diseases may predispose the patient to this disorder.
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PMID:Periarthritis of the shoulder. I. Aetiological considerations with particular reference to personality factors. 98 1

The epidemiological evidence for an association between diabetes mellitus and ischaemic heart disease is reviewed briefly. The relationship between blood sugar after challenge and blood pressure is described, with particular reference to studies in populations of U.S. and Jamaican adults and Dutch children.
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PMID:Hyperglycaemia; a risk factor for hypertension. 100 57


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