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Query: UMLS:C0011849 (diabetes)
 277,896 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The records of 293 patients admitted to Padua University Eye Clinic with diagnosis of optic neuropathy were reviewed. Age and sex distribution of different types of optic neuropathies were analyzed. 84 patients (28.7%) with a mean age of 61.9 years had anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). The mean follow up of these patients was 3 years. In less than 30% of patients stabilized visual acuity of the first affected eye was better than 20/200; however, patients younger than 65 showed a significantly (p less than 0.01) better visual acuity than patients older than 64. Involvement of the second eye was found in 26 patients with AION (30.9%), of whom only five were considered idiopathic. The latency before controlateral eye involvement was significantly (p less than 0.05) shorter in patients over 64 years of age than in the younger group. Commonly known associated conditions such as giant cell arteritis (3.6%), arterial hypertension (34.5%), diabetes mellitus (10.7%), both arterial hypertension and diabetes (8.3%), migraine (7.2%) or intracapsular cataract extraction (1.2%) were considered. The frequency of a number of risk factors was found out in patients with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes and in patients with idiopathic AION. Symptoms or signs of ischemic cardiopathy and/or peripheral nonarteritic vascular disease, TIAs prior to AION onset, elevated plasma cholesterol or triglyceride levels, excessive smoking were considered. These risk factors were not found in 11.1% of diabetic patients with AION, in 37.9% of hypertensives, in 14.2% of both diabetic and hypertensive patients and in 31% of patients with idiopathic AION. Our data seem to indicate that the onset of AION may be influenced more strongly from these risk factors than aging.
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PMID:Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and aging. 277 May 22

A group of 350 migraineurs (87 male, 263 female) and 300 controls without migraine (104 male, 196 female) were questioned about occurrence, in parents, of the atherosclerosis-related diseases (ASRD) of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HBP), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke as well as about recurrent severe headache (RSHA). Occurrence of DM, HBP, MI and stroke was compared for mothers and fathers of migraine vs. those of control subjects and no significant differences were found. The mothers and fathers were pooled and resegregated by presence or absence of RSHA and then occurrence of DM, HBP, MI and stroke again compared. For mothers there was increased occurrence of stroke and DM in the RSHA group but the differences were not significant. For RSHA fathers there was increased incidence of MI (p less than .10) and HBP (p less than .01). Aggregate occurrence of all ASRD was evaluated for RSHA vs. no-RSHA parents. ASRD occurred more frequently in the RSHA than in the no-RSHA parents (p less than .05). Breakdown by age showed that this occurred at all ages in men (p less than .05) but in women the difference was significant only under age 60 (p less than .05). This study suggests that RSHA, which is primarily migraine, may be a risk factor or a marker for occurrence of ASRD.
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PMID:Headache as a risk factor in atherosclerosis-related diseases. 292 74

We studied risk factors and presumed causes of infarct in 100 consecutive patients with a first stroke, who had an appropriate CT-proven infarct in the territory of the deep perforators from the carotid system (ITDPCS). The infarct involved the territory of the lenticulostriate arteries in 65 cases, the anterior choroidal artery in 23 cases, watershed zones between these two territories in four cases, and another territory in eight cases. In 42% of the patients, we felt the cause of the infarct to be small-artery disease. In 36%, at least one source of embolism was present (in 27% from the internal carotid artery, in 17% from the heart), either with (25%) or without (10%) associated hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Other possible less common etiologies included migraine, syphilitic angiitis, and systemic diseases. We have confirmed that HT or DM are the most common etiologic factors of ITDPCS. However, large-artery disease and cardioembolism may be more important than previously assumed.
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PMID:Infarcts in the territory of the deep perforators from the carotid system. 292 74

Fish and fish oils are rich in omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids which are capable of acting as both a source of active eicosanoids and as inhibitors of synthesis of eicosanoids from arachidonic acid by a variety of human cells. There is an extensive literature on the role of omega 3 polyunsaturates in ameliorating the risk factors associated with coronary heart disease, including both atherosclerotic and thrombotic factors. In addition, there is a limited number of studies which report the results of trials testing the effects of fish oils on other clinical conditions including diabetes, arthritis, migraine and psoriasis. There appears to be sufficient evidence to suggest that patients at risk from heart disease could benefit from low dose (1-6 g/day) of fish oil in conjunction with a prudent diet.
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PMID:The effect of diets containing fish and fish oils on disease risk factors in humans. 307 53

In recent years sterilization that can cause problems of the psyche and marital life has been recommended much less frequently with respect to chronic diseases. As regards heart and hypertensive diseases pregnancy is always contraindicated in case of 3rd and 4th disease categories and sterilization is recommended according to the New York Heart Association. As far as 1st and 2nd category patients are concerned if the load carrying capacity is normal pregnancy could be undertaken. Combination pills are not recommended for contraception because they can cause fluid retention or increase the risk of thrombosis. If the patient has a higher-than-normal risk of developing thrombosis or infection, for instance, those who wear pacemakers only tablets containing progesterone or subdermal capsule implants can be used. In those with blood pressure problems the additional use of the IUD is also advised. Among diseases of neurological and psychic origin the effect of hormonal contraceptives is weakened by antiepileptics, but even in such cases older combination pills of larger doses of active ingredients can be employed. Migraine is exacerbated in 1/3 of patients; here IUDs can be used. Even the contraceptive tablets themselves can induce depression. In psychosis methods requiring regular attention can be easily forgotten, therefore the IUD is the most suitable device. In diabetes progesterone and other progestogens reduce insulin response, harm carbohydrate metabolism; therefore in young people the IUD is preferred an in older women with children even sterilization can be employed. Hormonal tablets must not be used in hyperlipidemia and liver diseases. Caution must be exercised in hyperthyroidism and in endocrine disorders (e.g., Cushing's syndrome); if it is accompanied by blood pressure disorders appropriate treatment is required. In kidney diseases pregnancy is contraindicated if it is accompanied by blood pressure increase or a higher level of creatine. On the other hand, in mild diseases any methods can be used except for urinary tract infections that are adversely affected by the pills. Here again the IUD is the contraceptive of choice.
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PMID:[Chronic illness and contraception]. 333 Nov 51

This article deals with the use of oral contraceptives and IUDs by chronically ill adolescent females. Results of controlled studies of contraceptive choices and problems are reviewed for teenagers with cardiac disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, migraine headaches, asthma, cystic fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea. If oral contraceptives (OC) are prescribed for use in teens with cardiac disease, a contraceptive with 35ug or less of estrogen and the equivalent of 1 mg or less of norethindrone should be used. The low-dose progestin only pill can be prescribed, but should be used in conjunction with a back-up barrier method. Reports to date have failed to reveal increased seizure activity in epileptic pattients on OCs, and there is no significant evidence to date that OCs alter the course of multiple sclerosis. Although the evidence is inconclusive, the physician should use extreme caution in prescribing OCs for teens with prior migraines. Regarding asthmatic patients, no problems have been reported with IUD use except in regard to steroid therapy and its possible effect on reducing IUD effectiveness. No adverse effects 2ndary to the use of OCs in asthmatic patients have been reported. OCs should be avoided or used with extreme caution in the cystic fibrosis patient. Teens with active inflammatory bowel disease should be advised that OCs may be ineffective or dangerous; there are no reports available on the effects of the IUD on the disease. The pill is contraindicated during active liver disease or cirrhosis. The IUD is not highly recommended for contraception in diabetic teenagers, whereas a low-dose combined OC can be used with extreme caution. However, OCs should be avoided in the diabetic patient with nephropathy, vascular complications or retinopathy. There is at present no contraindication for contraceptive use by women with thyroid disease. Finally, patients with prolonged post pill amenorrhea and infertility are generally females with amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea before pill use.
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PMID:Contraceptive use in the chronically ill adolescent female: Part I. 351 58

The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT)-system of human blood platelets consists of a relatively specific uptake mechanism for 5HT at the plasma membrane, intracellular storage organelles (dense bodies), a metabolizing enzyme (monoaminoxidase B) and a 5HT2-receptor whose stimulation leads to activation of the phosphatidylinositide turnover, a rise in free cytoplasmic Ca2+, phosphorylation of proteins and a shape change reaction. There is neither a relevant 5HT-biosynthesis nor a marked physiological 5HT-turnover in platelets. Under physiological conditions the platelet 5HT-system may have a role as a scavenger for free extracellular 5HT and in hemostasis. Disturbances which have been described in pathophysiological states include impairment of 5HT-uptake (hypertension, migraine), impairment of 5HT-storage (storage pool deficiencies, thromboembolic disorders, hypertension) and increased sensitivity to activating agents like 5HT (cardiovascular disorders, diabetes). Besides their role in physiology and pathophysiology platelets may be useful partial models for vascular smooth muscle cells.
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PMID:The 5-hydroxytryptamine system of blood platelets: physiology and pathophysiology. 381 34

The clinical picture and investigation of 26 patients (16 males and 10 females) with diagnosis of transient global amnesia (TGA) are reported. Age ranged from 51 to 78 years at the time of TGA, which occurred mor often between 60 and 70 year-old people. Three patients presented more than one episode (3, 4 and 5). Precipitating factors were identified in 8 cases (emotional stress in 7 and physical exercise in 1). Risk factors for cerebrovascular disease were found in 13 cases, mainly hypertension (9 cases) and diabetes (3 cases). EEG was normal in 20 cases and disclosed diffuse delta waves in 2, temporal delta waves in 1 and temporal theta waves in another patient. CAT scan showed no abnormalities in 3 cases and ischemia in the vertebro-basilar system in another 2. Brain angiography was normal in 1 case and showed abnormalities in the vertebro-basilar system arteries in 3. During the follow-up period, which ranged from 1 to 84 months, no neurologic deterioration was seen. The role of risk factors for vascular diseases, epilepsy and migraine in the development of TGA is discussed.
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PMID:[Transient global amnesia: study of 26 cases]. 401 36

A total of 594 patients admitted for cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and for peripheral vascular disease (PVD), were examined in a study aimed at clarifying by a simple, inexpensive out-patient method, a) the relationship existing between the different locations of the vascular disease: brain, lower limbs, coronaries; b) the prevalence in the patients studied of risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes, and of migraine. The results were as follows: a) of the patients admitted for CVD, 44% also presented arteriosclerosis in other locations; this figure was 32% for PVD cases; b) hypertension was found in 38.5% of CVD and 27% of PVD cases; diabetes in 11.5% of CVD and in 18% of PVD cases; hyperlipidaemia in 31% of CVD and 24% of PVD cases; migraine in 11% of CVD and 1% of PVD cases.
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PMID:Validity of out-patient screening in arteriosclerosis to identify multiple lesions. 406 67

This study examines the relationship between MMPI scales and functional limitation for the chronic illness populations of chronic low back pain, migraine headache, hypertension and diabetes. Average MMPI profiles for these groups approximate those of previous studies with the chronic low back group having the most disturbed profile and showing elevations especially on the Hs, Hy and D scales. Several kinds of analyses, however, demonstrate that, in general, the MMPI group differences can be accounted for by individual self-rated functional limitation. The data do not support attempts at defining a low back pain or chronic pain personality profile apart from the emotional disturbance associated with chronic limitation and disruption of activity.
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PMID:Does the MMPI differentiate chronic illness from chronic pain? 621 8


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